Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49495
|
| Title: | 台灣地區大學生媒介使用、科學素養與科學態度之相關研究
Media use, scientific literacy and attitude toward science among college students in Taiwan |
| Authors: | 張云慈
Chang, Yun-Tzu |
| Contributors: | 陳憶寧
Chen, Yi-Ning
張云慈
Chang, Yun-Tzu |
| Keywords: | 媒介使用
科學素養
科學態度
Media use
Scientific literacy
Attitude toward science |
| Date: | 2009 |
| Issue Date: | 2010-12-08 12:37:10 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 在過去幾十年間，科學素養備受國內外學者重視，提升國民的科學素養程度不但被多國政府納入國家重點施政方針，相關調查與具體的教育措施亦成為研究者的關注焦點。大眾媒體向來是一般閱聽眾接觸科學資訊最常見的管道，因此如何讓科學知識能普及於一般民眾，甚至讓非專業人士也能對科學有正面評價並支持科學發展，便成為科學工作者傳遞科學資訊的挑戰。針對民眾科學知識與科學素養的相關研究，近十多年來在國外幾乎不曾間斷。然若回顧台灣本地文獻，大規模的科學素養或科學態度調查則較少出現。為彌補此一研究缺漏，本文擬以全台灣地區的大學在學生為調查對象，透過科學問卷設計，進行全國大學生科學素養與科學態度調查，同時將媒介使用與人口變項納入分析之中，以期了解彼此間的相互關係。
本研究透過隨機抽樣，抽出十一所分別位於台灣北、中、南、東的大專院校，於民國九十八年六月間進行問卷調查與回收，最後共取得1838份有效問卷，以統計軟體SPSS中的t檢定與階層迴歸分析後，研究發現如下：一、在新聞媒介使用上，大學生接觸網路頻率最高，電視次之，報紙與雜誌殿後；二、在科學素養方面，男性、就讀理工組相關科系、念公立大學、在班上成績較佳的學生，有較好的科學素養程度；科學態度與科學素養則無顯著相關；三、除了電視新聞與電視科學內容接觸外，其他種類的媒介使用對科學素養並無顯著影響；四、本研究發現，收看電視的頻率越高，科學素養越低落，且無論新聞或科學節目皆然；五、在控制住所有可能的影響因素後，影響科學素養最有力的變項分別為「公私立大學」、「就讀科系」與「班上成績」，顯示學校教育與過去學習背景是影響台灣地區大學生科學素養程度的最主要因素。
Over the past decades, a growing number of studies have focused on public scientific literacy and tried to examine it. Public familiarity with basic scientific concepts and principles has been proposed as essential for effective decision-making both in personal daily life and national policy. Quantitative and qualitative studies of the public understanding of science have been conducted in many countries. Those studies have provided valuable insights into to what extent that citizens may have understood important scientific concepts, and furthermore, into the ways in which they seek and use scientific knowledge and how they think about science.
There were only few science literacy related studies conducted in Taiwan. Up till now, no representative and population-based study in Taiwan. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the level of scientific literacy of college students in Taiwan and to explore the relationships between media use, scientific literacy and the attitude toward science.
This study conducted a national survey among college students in Taiwan. One thousand eight-hundred and thirty-eight students participating in this study from June 1, 2009 to June 22, 2009. As expected, male, public university students, majoring science and technology, with better academic performance, will have higher levels of scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is negative related to the frequency of watching television, whether news or scientific programs, which suggests TV programs in Taiwan do not provide quality science contents to audiences. After controlling for a range of socio-demographic variables, it is found that public or private university, major, and academic performance have significant effects on college students’ scientific literacy. Findings indicated that educational variables affect the level of scientific literacy of Taiwanese undergraduates the most. |
| Reference: | 中文部分
李文旗，張俊彥（2005）。〈中學生應達到的地球科學素養？─中學地科老師的觀點〉，《師大學報》，50（2）：1-27。
林樹聲（1999）。〈科學素養的省思〉，《科學教育月刊》。222：16-25。
徐堯（2006）。〈大學生基本科學素養調查─以開南大學為例〉，《通識研究集刊》。9：137-154。
陳曉佩（2009）。〈我國與OECD各國女性高等教育之學科領域暨性別差異分析〉。上網日期：2010年4月20日。取自
www.edu.tw/files/site_content/B0013/oecd_higher.doc
靳知勤（2002）。〈效化「基本科學素養問卷」〉，《科學教育學刊》。10（3）：287-308。
靳知勤（2007）。〈科學素養內涵與STS 教育目標〉，陳文典（編），《科學/技術/社會鼎足並重的教育》，頁122-132。台北：洪葉。
靳知勤（2007）。〈科學教育應如何提升學生的科學素養—臺灣學術精英的
看法〉，《科學教育學刊》。15（6）：627-646。
蔡秉宸、靳知勤（2004）。〈藉情境學習提昇民眾科學素養：以科學博物館教育為例〉，《博物館學季刊》，18（2）：129-138。
謝瀛春（2006）。〈從科學傳播理論的角度－談臺灣的科普困境〉，《科普研究》，3：14-19。
英文部分
AAAS. (1989). Project 2061. Science for all American. New York: Oxford University Press.
AAAS. (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Allum, N., Sturgis, P., Tabourazi, D., & Brunton-Smith, I. (2005). A meta-analysis of science knowledge and attitudes across cultures. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Bainbridge, W. S. (2002). Public attitudes toward nanotechnology, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 4(6), 561-570.
Bauer, M., & Bonfadelli, H. (2002). Controversy, media coverage and public knowledge, in M. Bauer and G. Gaskell (Eds.), Biotechnology: The making of a global controversy, pp. 149-178. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bauer, M. (2005). Public perceptions and mass media in the biotechnology controversy. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 17, 5-22.
Besley, J. C., & Shanahan, J. (2005). Media attention and exposure on relation to support for agricultural biotechnology. Science Communication, 26(4), 347-367.
Bonfadelli, W. (1985). Mass media and biotechnology: Knowledge gaps within and between European countries. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 17, 42-62.
Bos, K., & Kuiper, W. (1999). Modelling TIMSS Data in a European Comparative Perspective: Exploring Influencing Factors on Achievement in Mathematics in Grade 8. Educational Research and Evaluation, 5(2), 157-179.
Branscomb, A. W. (1981). Knowing how to know. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 6(36), 5-9.
Brodie, M., Hamel, E. C., Altman, D.E., Blendon, R.J., & Benaon, J.M. (2003). Health news and the American public, 1996-2002. Journal Health Polit Policy Law, 28(5), 927-950.
Brossard, D., & Nisbet, M.C. (2007). Deference to scientific authority among a low information public: Understanding American views about agricultural biotechnology. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 19(1), 24-52.
Brossard, D., & Shanahan, J. (2006). Do they know what they read? Building a scientific literacy measurement instrument based on science media coverage. Science Communication, 28(1), 47-63.
Brossard, D., & Bonney, R. (2005). Science knowledge and attitude change: The impact of a citizen science project. International Journal of Science Education, 27(9), 1099-1121.
Chen, M. (1994). Television and informal science education: Assessing the past, present and future of research. In V. Crane, H. Nicholson, M. Chen & S. Bitgood (Eds.), Informal science learning: What research says about television, science museums and community-based projects (pp. 15-59). Dedham, MA: Research Communications Limited.
Cobb, M. D., & Macoubrie, J. (2004). Public perceptions about nanotechnology: Risk,
benefits and trust. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 3, 331-353.
Converse, J. M., & H. Schuman. 1984. The Manner of Inquiry: An analysis of question form across organizations and over time, in C. F. Turner and E. Martin (Eds.), Surveying Subjective Phenomena. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Davis, R. C. (1958). The Public Impact of Science in the Mass Media. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Mi¬chigan Survey Research Center, Mono¬graph No. 25.
Dillman, D. (1978). Mail and telephone surveys: The total design method. New York: Wiley.
Dominique Brossard & Nisbet, M. C. (2006). Difference to scientific authority among a low information public: understanding U.S. opinion on agricultural biotechmology. Internationl Journal of Public Opinion Research, 19(1), 24-52.
Durant, J. R. (1993). What is scientific literacy? In J. R. Durant & J. Gregory (Eds.), Science and culture in Europe (pp.129-137). London: Science Museum.
Durant, J. R., Evans, G. A. & Thomas, G. P. (1989). The public understanding of science. Nature, 340(6), 11-14.
Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2004). Complementarity in consumption of news types across traditional and new media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48, 41-60.
Earl, R. Babbie. (2007). The Practice of Social Research. (11th ed.). Wadsworth: Thomson Learning Inc.
Einsiedel, E. F. (1994). Mental maps of science: Knowledge and attitudes among Canadian adults. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 6(1), 35-44.
Ellen Hujmans, Alexander Pleijter, & Fred Wester. (2003). Covering science research in Dutch newspapers. Science communication, 25,153.
Eveland, W. P., & Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Connecting news media use with gaps in knowledge and participation. Political Communication, 17(3), 215-237.
Falk, J. H., Brooks, P., & Amin, R. (2001). Investigating the role of free-choice science learning on public understanding of science: The California Science Center L.A.S.E.R. Project. In Falk JH (Ed.), Free-choice science education: How we learn science outside of school (pp. 93-114). Teachers College Press. New York.
Falk, J. H., Storksdieck, M., & Dierking, L.D. (2007). Investigating public science interest and understanding: Evidence for the importance of free-choice learning. Public Understanding of Science, 16(4), 455-469.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley Reading, MA.
Fox, S. (2005, May 17). Health information online, Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved from http://www.pewInternet.org/PPF/r/156/report_display. asp
Gabel, L. L. (1976). The Development of a Model to Determine Perceptions of Scientific Literacy. Unpublished PhD thesis, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.
Gaskell, G. T., Ten Eyck, Jackson, J., & Veltri, G. (2004). Public attitudes to nanotechnology in Europe and the United States. Nature Materials, 3(8), 496.
Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorelli, N. (1981). Scientists on the TV screen. Culture and Society, 42, 51-54.
Hackling, M., Goodrum, D., & Rennie, L. (2001). The State of Science in Australian Secondary Schools. Australian Science Teachers, 47(4), 6-17.
Hazen, R. M. & Trefil, J. S. (1991). General science: the key to scientific literacy. Education Digest. 57, 64-66.
Hirsch, E. D. (1987). Cultural literacy: What every American needs to know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Hirsch, E. D., Joseph, F. Kett., & James Trefil. (1988). The Dictionary of Culture Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Hurd, P. D. (1958). Science literacy: Its meaning for American schools. Educational Leadership. 16(1), 13-16.
Jenkins, E. W. (1999). School science, citizenship and the public understanding of science. International Journal of Science Education, 21(7), 703-710.
INRA Europe. (2000). Eurobarometer 52.1. The Europeans and Biotechnology Report by INRA (Europe) - ECOSA on behalf of Directorate-General for Research, Directorate B - Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources Programme. European Commission, Brussels.
Koelsche, C. (1965). Scientific literacy as related to the media of mass communication. School Science and Mathematics, 65, 719-725.
Krauss, L. M. (1999, February 22). Stop the flying saucer, I want to get off. The New York Times, p. A17.
Labaw, P. J. (1980). Advanced questionnaire design. Cambridge, MA: Abt Books.
LaFollette, M. C. (1990). Making science our own: Public images of science, 1910-1955. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Laugksch, R. C., & Spargo, P. E. (1996). Construction of a paper-and pencil test of basic scientific literacy based on selected literacy goals recommended by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Public Understanding of Science, 5, 331-359.
Laugksch, R. C., & Spargo, P. E. (1999). Scientific literacy of selected South African matriculants entering tertiary education: A baseline survey. South African Journal of Science, 95(10), 427-432.
Long, M., & Steinke, J. (1996). The Thrill of Everyday Science: Images of Science and Scientists on Children’s Educational Science Programmes in the United States. Public Understanding of Science, 5, 101–119.
Mathew, M. R. (1994). Scientific teaching: The role of history and philosophy of science. New York: Routledge.
Mark W. H., Denis G., & Lenie J. R. (2001). The state of science in Australian secondary schools. Australian Science Teachers’ journal. 4, 6-17.
McCurdy, R. (1958). Toward a population literate in science. The Science Teacher, 25, 366-368, 408.
Miller, J. D. (1983). Science literacy: A conceptual and empirical review. Daedalus, 112(2), 29-48.
Miller, J. D. (1992). Toward a scientific understanding of the public understanding of science and technology. Public Understanding of Science, 1(1), 23-26.
Miller, J. D., Pardo, R., & Niwa, F. (1997). Public Perceptions of Science and Technology: A Comparative Study of the European Union, the United States, Japan, and Canada. Chicago: Chicago Academy of Sciences.
Miller, J. D. (1998). The measurement of civic scientific literacy. Public Understanding of Science. 7(3), 203-223.
Miller, J. D. (2006). Civic scientific literacy in Europe and the United States. Paper presented to the annual meeting of the World Association for Public Opinion Research, Montreal, Canada.
Miller, J. D., & Pifer, L. (1996). Science and technology: The public’s attitudes and the public’s understanding. In Science and Engineering indicators-1996. (pp.7.1 - 7.21). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Moscovici, S. (2000). Social representations: Explorations in science psychology. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
National Research Council. (1995). National Science Education Standards. Alexandria, Virginia: National Academic Press.
National Research Council. (1996). National Science Education Standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
National Science Board. (1998). Science and technology: Public attitudes and public understanding. In Science and Engineering indicators-1998 (pp.7-1 - 7-21). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
National Science Board. (2002). Science and technology: Public attitudes and public understanding. In Science and Engineering indicators-2002 (pp.7-1 - 7-41). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
National Science Board. (2008). Science and technology: Public attitudes and public understanding. In Science and Engineering indicators-2008 (pp.7-1 - 7-47). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
National Science Foundation. (1995). NSF survey instruments used in collecting science and engineering resources data. Arlington, VA: NSF.
National Society for the Study of Education. (1932). A program for teaching science: Thirty-first yearbook of the NSSE. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Nisbet, M. C., Scheufele, D. A., Shanahan, J.E., Moy, P., Brossard, D., & Lewenstein B. V. (2002). Knowledge, reservations, or promise? A media effects model for public perceptions of science and technology. Communication Research, 29(5), 584–608.
Nisbet, M. C., Brossard, D., & Kroepsch, A. (2003). Framing science – the stem cell controversy in an age of press/politics. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 8(2), 36-70
Nisbet, M. C., & Lewnestein, B. V. (2002). Biotechnology and the American media – the policy process and the elite press, 1970-1999. Science Communication, 23(4), 359-391.
Nelkin, D. (1995). Selling science:How the press covers science and technology. New York: Freeman.
Nelkin, D., & Lindee, S. M. (1995). The DNA mystique: The gene as a cultural icon. New York: Freeman.
Office of Science and Technology, and Wellcome Trust. (2000). Science and the Public: A Review of Science Communication and Public Attitudes to Science in Britain. London: Wellcome Trust.
Oppenheim, A. N. (1966). Questionaire Design and Attitude Measurement. New York: Basic Books.
Priest, S. H. (2001). Misplaced faith: Communication variables as predictors of encouragement for biotechnology development. Science Communication, 23(2), 97–110.
Pella, M.O., O`Hearn, G.T., & Gale, C.W. (1966). Referent to scientific literacy. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 4, 199-208.
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion:Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Potts, R., & Martinezi. (1994). Television viewing and children`s beliefs about scientists. Journal of applied developmental psychology, 15(2), 287-300.
Scheufele, D. A., & Lewenstein, B. V. (2005). The public and nanotechnology: How citizens make sense of emerging technologies. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 7, 659-667.
Shanahan, J. (1995). Television viewing and adolescent authoritarianism. Journal of Adolescence, 18, 271-288.
Shanahan, J., & Morgan, M. (1999). Television and its viewers: Cultivation theory and research. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Shanahan, J., Morgan, M.,& Stenbjerre, M. (1997). Green or brown? Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 41, 305-323.
Sharma, V., Dowd, M. D., Swanson, D. S., Slaughter, A. J., & Simon, S. D. (2003). Influence of the news nedia on diagnostic testing in the emergency department. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 157, 257-260.
Shen, S. P. (1975). Science literacy and the public understanding of science. In S. B. Day (Ed.), Communication of scientific information (pp. 44-52). Basel: Karger.
Showalter, V. (1974). What is unified science education? Program objectives and scientific literacy. Prism II, 2,1-6.
Sparks, G. G., Nelson, C.L., & Campbell, R.G. (1997). The relationship between exposure to televised messages about paranormal phenomena and paranormal beliefs. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 345-359.
Sudman, S. & Bradburn, N. M. (1982). Asking questions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Thomas, G., & Durant, J. (1987). Why should we promote the public understanding of science? In M. Shortland (Ed), Scientific Literacy Papers. Oxford: Oxford University Department for External Studies.
Toby, A., & Ten Eyck. (2005). The media and public opinion on genetics and biotechnology: mirrors, windows, or walls? Public Understanding of Science, 14(3), 305-316.
Tian, Y., & Robinson, J. D. (2008). Media use and health information seeking: An empirical test of complementarity theory. Health Communication , 23, 184-190.
Wallack, L., & Dorfman, L. (1992). Television news, hegemony, and health. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 125-126.
Yoori, H., & Southwell, B. G. (2009). Science TV news exposure predicts science beliefs: Real world effects among a national sample. Communication Research, 36, 724-742. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
廣告研究所
95452012
98 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095452012 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [廣告學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 201201.pdf | | 1996Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 2492 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
