政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/49424

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/49424

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政大機構典藏 > 國際事務學院 > 外交學系 > 學位論文 > Item 140.119/49424

請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49424

題名:	非國家行為者之跨國運作--以國際透明組織之全球反貪運動為例 Transnational Advocacy of Non-State Actors--A Case Study on Transparency International`s Global Anti-corruption Movement
作者:	葛傳宇 Ko, Chuan Yu
貢獻者:	李明 Lee, Ming 葛傳宇 Ko, Chuan Yu
關鍵詞:	貪污骯髒聯盟國際透明組織跨國倡議網絡 OECD反賄公約過程追蹤法 corruption dirty alliance Transparency International transnational advocacy network OECD Anti-Bribery Convention process-tracing
日期:	2009
上傳時間:	2010-12-08 11:00:01 (UTC+8)
摘要:	跨國公司與開發中國家官員之賄賂關係被稱為骯髒聯盟。非國家行為者是形塑與改變國際規範之重要參與者，本研究檢視重點在於國際透明組織為切斷骯髒聯盟之供需關係，如何運用其獨特之跨國倡議網絡模式，透過建立聯盟(coalition-building)途徑，促成國際公約並且改變簽署國之國家行為。該非政府組織影響國際關係之具體成果為1997年簽署之OECD反賄公約，該公約是第一個從供應方(supply-side)切斷跨國商業賄賂鏈之國際規範，其立法歷程與會員國之國家偏好改變足以證明國際透明組織之影響力。主流學派之結構現實主義者主張國際關係是結構決定論，以強權國家為主要的、具決定性之行為者，國家偏好是外生給定的利益排序。本研究主張以建構主義為基礎之全球反貪運動則是反其道而行，國際透明組織建構之跨國倡議網絡，擅用人氣政治與切身性政治，以合作取代對抗，有效促成已開發國家採取集體行動，簽署OECD反賄公約。當強權之間拒絕改變現狀時，非國家行為者之理念說服行動可以逐一改變國家偏好，進而改變國際規範。在倡議國際反貪議題上，國際透明組織的確是國際新規範之催生者。本文採案例研究，主體為國際透明組織，客體為OECD反賄公約，交叉運用深度訪談與調查式過程追蹤研究，密集而深入取得相關當事人提供之第一手資料，彌補既有文獻靜態分析之不足。 Non-state actors are essential participants in shaping and changing international norms. There has been a long-standing practice of a tacit “dirty alliance” between multinational corporations and developing countries officials. This research focuses on Transparency International(TI), which seeks to sever the supply and demand chain relationships of the dirty alliance by mobilizing a unique model of transnational advocacy network (TAN), engaging coalition-building, lobbying for a new set of international norms and persuading the changes of signatory states’ behavior. The fruits are the adoption of the 1997 OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, which is the first supply-side norm to cut off transnational business bribery chain. Both the key events of the legislative process and the changes of state preferences among the signatories validify the argument for the TI’s significant influence. Contrary to mainstream international relations theories such as structural realism claiming structural determinism, predominant role of powerful states, and exogenously given nature of state preferences, this research proves constructivism prevails. TI’s TAN model artistically exercises popularity politics as well as proximity politics, advocates cooperation instead of confrontation against bribe-givers and bribe-takers, and effectively persuades developed countries to take collective actions by adopting and ratifying the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. While powerful states resist changing the status quo, non-state actors indeed demonstrate their capability of persuading states to change their preferences. TI is entitled to be the midwife in formulating new international norms against transnational corruption. This research applies case study methodology, making TI as the subject and the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention as the object. Diligent analysis and interpretations are based on the cross-references of in-depth interviews and investigative process-tracing method to extract the primary data from relevant parties so as to supplement the deficiencies of the available literatures.
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顧慕晴，<我國公務人員貪汙檢舉制度之研究—增強途徑之分析>。《文官制度季刊》，第1期， 2009年，頁139-159。 (四) 研討會論文王政，<南韓反貪汙政策之研究>。發表於《第二屆「全球化與行政治理」國際學術研討會》，桃園：開南大學，2007年4月13日。余致力，<非政府組織與反貪腐運動:國際透明組織與台灣透明組織簡介>。《國家政策論壇》2003夏季號，2003年from http://old.npf.org.tw/monthly/0302/theme- 039.htm。李登科，<中華民國援外政策之研究>。發表於《各國援外政策學術研討會》，政治大學行政大樓七樓第一會議室（資料轉引自海外技術合作委員會編印，《海外技術合作發展委員會歷經三十六年之回顧》。臺北：1997年6月，頁2。），1999年6月19日。李增仁，<世界反腐敗鬥爭一瞥>。《華北金融》，第10 期， 2007年2月28日 from http://scholar.ilib.cn/Abstract.aspx?A=hbjr200010025。施能傑，<建立公共服務倫理規範―以OECD 的標竿經驗>。發表於《倡廉反貪與行政透明學術研討會》，2003年from http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140. 119/10794/1/conference411_1.pdf。胡星斗，<中國腐敗的治理>。2007年在華中科技大學國家大學生人文素質教育基地的演講之一，2009年3月3日 from http://www.huxingdou.com.cn/graft.htm。陶在樸，<新的痛苦指數－貪汙與腐化>。《新世紀智庫論壇》，第9期，2000年，頁 89-92。管高岳，<台灣廉政現況>。發表於《台灣國際廉政研討會》，2007年 from http://www.ti-taiwan.org/ch.files/reserch.files/knowledge.files/knowledge.files/conference070125r1.doc。 (五) 網路專文王乾任，<一件T恤看世界──全球化的辯証邏輯>。2007年。http://publish.pots.com.tw/Chinese/BookReview/2006/11/10/435_30bookr1/index.html 何景熙，<征地糾紛與農地產權--成都平原鄉村案例分析>。《當代中國研究》，2006年第1期(總第92期)。http://www.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/wk_wzdetails.asp?id=5077 余秋雨，<中國傳統的廉政文化>。2009年5月10日。 http://www.nbcp.gov.cn/article/lltt/200903/20090300002185.shtml 李少軍，<國際關係學的研究方法>。《國際政治學概論》第二版，中國政治學網，華中師範大學，2007年6月6日。 http://www.cp.org.cn/show.asp?NewsID=2748 汪丁丁，<關於腐敗的經濟學分析>，2000年。 http://202.199.160.3/sxyizhan/wangdingd/corruption.doc 周其仁，<農地產權與征地制度>，2005年。 http://chinahexie.org/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=1718 俞可平， <全球化時代的國家主權>。2004年7月2日。http://www.chinaelections. com/NewsInfo.asp?NewsID=3203 (來源：文匯報2004年11月15日。) 唐仁俊，<我國當前務實外交所面臨困境及因應措施>，529期，2000年，頁 17-29。 http://www.cafa.edu.tw/emmy/10/%BD%D7%A4%E5/emmy/ass5/%BD%D7%A4%E5%B6%B0/%A7%DA%B0%EA%B7%ED%ABe%B0%C8%B9%EA%A5~%A5%E6%A9%D2%AD%B1%C1{%A4%A7%A7x%B9%D2%A4%CE%A6]%C0%B3%B1%B9%ACI.htm 張五常，<中國的經濟制度>(2008年)。2009年5月17日。 http://ronaldmkk.dyndns.org/econblog/index.php?p=3&cat=23 黃志芳，<當前外交政策>。2007年7月27日。 http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/ct.asp?xItem=23202&ctNode=716&mp=5 劉豐、張睿壯，<關於幾個重要國際關係術語中文譯法的討論>。《學術批評網》(2005年)，2009年12月12日。http://www.acriticism.com/article.asp?Newsid=6242&type=1000 劉孟奇，<貪汙的東亞弔詭（2004年）>。2009年1月29日。 http://blog.roodo.com/lakatos/archives/83325.html (六) 網頁資料年興紡織股份有限公司，<Jeans Wear: Production Capability>，2007年6月10日 from http://www.nht.com.tw/en/products-2.htm 法源法律網，<貪汙治罪條例立法理由>，2009年， Publication from 法源資訊股份有限公司：http://db.lawbank.com.tw/FLAW/FLAWDOC01.asp?lsid=FL001430 &lno=11 中國預防腐敗網，<縣委書記稱收年禮不算受賄五年收近兩百萬案件追蹤>，2009年5月10日。 http://www.yffbw.com/Chinese/Detail.asp?BigClassName=案件追蹤&ArticleID=490 (七) 新聞與雜誌大陸中心，<北京家樂福爆高層索賄>。《蘋果日報》，2007年8月27日from http://1-apple.com.tw/apple/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Article&loc=TP&PageType=int&sec_id=7&NewsType=twapple&showdate=20070827&art_id=3764798 大陸中心╱綜合外電報導，<澳門貪官A33億重判28年半>。《蘋果日報》，2009年4月23日from http://1-apple.com.tw/dsp_PrintArt.cfm?NewsType=twapple& IssueID=20090423&Art_ID=31569827&app_id=1 中國時報，<美准台灣代理商拿回扣>，Retrieved 2009年11月8日from http://n.yam.com/chinatimes/politics/200907/20090715329896.html，2009年7月13日。中國時報，<辜成允龍潭案辜成允：佣金4億匯扁家人頭戶>。Retrieved 2009年1月12日from http://news.chinatimes.com/2007Cti/2007Cti-News/2007Cti-News- Print/0,4634,110501x112008111500097,00.html，2008年11月15日。王滬生，<陳良宇背後有多少女人>。《多維時報 (Thye Duowei Tims)》，2006年11月10日，版 A3。白德華，<中紀委領導納入監檢系統國家預防腐敗局五一前掛牌>。《中國時報》，2007年4月20日from http://www.tol.com.tw/CT_NS/CTContent.aspx?nsrc =B&ndate=20070420&nfno=N0040.001&nsno=1&nkeyword=%b9w%a8%be%bbG%b1%d1%a7%bd&SearchArgs=Keyword%3d%b9w%a8%be%bbG%b1%d1%a7%bd%26Attr%3d%26Src%3d7%26DateFrom%3d20070324%26DateTo%3d20070422%26ShowStyle%3d2%26PageNo%3d1%26ItemsPerPage%3d10&App=NS 江春男，<司馬觀點：中國首富自殺未遂>。《蘋果日報》，2007年4月29日from http://tw.nextmedia.com/applenews/article/art_id/31586198/IssueID/20090429 ______，<司馬觀點：憶苦思甜>。《蘋果日報》，2007年7月16日from http://1-apple.com.tw/apple/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Article&loc=TP&PageType=new&sec_id=5&NewsType=twapple&showdate=20070716&art_id=3647025 李順德，<烽火不如攻擊邱義仁為外交正名>。《聯合報》，2007年8月4日from http://www.udn.com/2007/8/4/NEWS/NATIONAL/NAT1/3956636.shtml 阮毅成，<中央工作日記(五十二) >。《傳記文學(2009年12月號)》第95卷第6期總號571號，頁 127-132。周偉、胡錦武，<贛南第一腐敗大案局長調查：查到我說明我倒楣> (轉載自瞭望新聞週刊2005年4月16日)。中國重拳打擊腐敗近期高官落馬一覽2009年2月5日from http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2005-04/16/content_2837 568.htm 林桂明，<腐敗是中國的日常生活>。《多維時報》，2009年1月23日，A8版。奚旭初，<扶貧竟然扶出中國最大黑槍製販基地>。《星島環球網》，2006年6月1日。http://www.stnn.cc/global/china/t20060601_244402.html 秦暉，<中國問題就是農村問題>。《華夏時報》，2002年3月15日。張新光，<論中國農地產權制度市場化改革的思想障礙>。《光明觀察（轉載自世紀中國），2004年。曹健，<掃雪不乾淨屋主恐惹官司>。《世界日報》，2009年2月3日，B3版。許玉鳳、翁良傑，<「牛仔王」陳榮秋前進中美洲>。《貿易雜誌》第57期，2000年，頁22-26。Retrieved from http://www.ieatpe.org.tw/magazine/57f.htm。陳之驊、孫壯志，<探析蘇東劇變中的腐敗因素>。摘自《中國紀檢監察報－理論探討》，2009年5月8日from http://www.nbcp.gov.cn/article/lltt/200905/2009050 0002545.shtml 陳世欽，<「阿薩姆」爭獨立好茶快喝不到>。《聯合報》，2006年 from http://mag.udn.com/mag/world/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=52110 陳長文，<美德本身就是一種報償>。《民生報》，2006年11月21日。陸以正，< 大陸對非洲「微笑攻勢」所向無敵>。《華府郵報 Washington China 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