| Abstract: | 健全發展的人類社會，不在於沒有紛爭，而在於能提供最適當之紛爭解決途徑。 如同完整無漏洞而有實效之權利保護途徑，為法治國家之保證般，多元而最適的紛爭 解決途徑，亦為健全社會之基礎。因此，世界各國莫不提供各種正式或非正式之紛爭 解決途徑，以供其人民選擇運用。其中，除經由法院以審判方式解決紛爭之訴訟途徑 外，其餘可統稱為「裁判外紛爭解決制度」(Alternative Dispute Resolution)。 在法學研究領域中，學者對於上開各種正式或非正式紛爭解決途徑，多集中心力 於訴訟制度，至於其他例如仲裁、調解、訴訟上和解、陳情、監察使(Ombudsman)等 主要的法定紛爭解決途徑，雖亦有所涉及，惟相對於訴訟制度言，多居於訴訟之從屬 地位，而少有將之並列為整體紛爭解決制度之一環，並自整體觀點適切檢討各項紛爭 解決途徑之功能與關聯者。甚至對於法定紛爭解決途徑以外之其他紛爭解決途徑，例 如各種民間調停、斡旋、協商、苦情處理、心理諮商等雙邊或單邊紛爭解決制度，更 是向少為法律學者所關注。 鑑於上述裁判外紛爭解決途徑，不僅具有補充訴訟制度之缺失與疏減訟源之作 用，因其具有各種優於訴訟制度之功能，例如便宜、迅速、彈性、合意、私密等特性， 無論在理論上或事實上，多數紛爭均係經由此一裁判外紛爭解決途徑獲得解決。此 點，於面臨多元化社會，更顯示此一紛爭解決途徑在扮演定紛止爭及穩定社會秩序角 色上之重要性。因此，對此類紛爭解決途徑進行體系化研究，即有其重要性與實用性。 有鑑於此，吾人即擬於法學觀點，檢討當前既存之各種裁判外紛爭解決制度之特 色與功能，並在「紛爭解決」目的下，針對各種裁判與裁判外紛爭解決制度予以體系 化整理，除提供一個學問檢討框架外，並嘗試分析、安排各式各樣紛爭解決途徑之關 聯性，使各該紛爭解決制度不再為孤立的單一機制，而係彼此緊密聯繫形成一種動態 紛爭解決網絡。
A well-developed society must provide the most appropriate mechanism to resolve disputes. Also, the ideal of 「Rule of Law 「includes a comprehensive and effective remedial mechanism for protection of rights. Therefore, a multi-faceted optimal mechanism of dispute resolution is the foundation of society. Accordingly, most countries provide various sorts of dispute resolution mechanisms, formal or informal, for their citizens. In addition to the formal 表 C011 共 3 頁 第 2 頁 judiciary, the rest of those mechanisms could be called as 「Alternative Dispute Resolution」 (ADR). Legal circles pay much attention to the judiciary, but largely underemphasize the other formal dispute resolution mechanisms such as arbitration, negotiation, settlement in judicial process, complaint, Ombudsman and so forth, despite their formal legal status and significant practical functions. As for the more informal mechanisms like grievance or consultation, the legal academics regrettably neglect them more. Nevertheless, ADR not only supplement the judicial system, but also has a number of advantages over the judiciary, such as cost-saving, rapid, flexible, agreement-based, private etc. Most disputes were resolved by ADR. It indicates that ADR assumes a crucial role in stabilizing social order. Thus, to engage in a systematic study on ADR is important and practical. In accordance with the observations noted above, we plan to review the characteristics and functions of the existing ADR mechanisms in light of legal perspectives. Against the backdrop of the purpose of 「disputes resolution」, we will also make a systematic analysis of a variety of judicial and non-judicial disputes resolution mechanisms. In addition to offering an academic system for analysis, this research tries to analyze the relationships among the various kinds of disputes resolution mechanisms, and accordingly discover their interconnection. In the end, such a study will give rise to a dynamic network of disputes resolution mechanisms. |
