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    題名: 以財產權觀點探討美國成長管理運動與私有財產權運動
    The Study of American Growth Management And Private Property Rights Movements : Property Rights Perspective
    作者: 葉艾青
    Yeh, Ai Ching
    貢獻者: 林森田
    Lin,Sen Tyan
    葉艾青
    Yeh, Ai Ching
    關鍵詞: 成長管理
    財產權
    規劃管制
    土地使用
    growth management
    property rights
    planning control
    land use
    日期: 2006
    上傳時間: 2010-04-09 18:38:17 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 為有效促進土地使用、環境保護及引導都市發展，美國形成所謂「成長管理運動」，藉以提昇整體土地效用，並符合隨時代變遷而呈現多樣化的土地開發行為。然在土地使用規劃與管制的執行中，常涉及個別土地所有權人的財產權範圍與社會公經濟外部性間的考量；就土地使用規劃與管制對整體土地利用價值而言，可有所提升並降低開發所產生的負外部性；但就個別而言，當土地受到一定程度上之限制時，將會影響土地所有權人於土地所能從事的經濟活動、土地使用及其交易價值，且多重的管制往往導致土地所有權人權益因此受到限縮或喪失，是以為求合理的私有財產權保障，也相對興起了「私有財產權運動」，以尋求管制下的公平對待。

    就社會整體而言，負面外部性的降低與正面外部性的營造有其必要，但更嚴格的管制也意味著人民私有財產權的重新界定，從而在土地使用規則與管制的執行上，產生了成長管理運動與私有財產權運動兩種不同面向的思潮與措施。是以本研究欲就成長管理運動與私有財產權運動之理念執行，以實證分析影響美國州政府採行成長管理運動或私有財產權運動之因素，期望藉由此兩種運動的執行理念與探討，作為我國執行土地使用規劃與管制對土地財產權界定與重新界定之參考與借鏡。
    In order to promote efficient land use and protect environment as well as lead urban development, the Growth Management Movement has emerged in USA. However, the implementation of land use planning and control will unavoidable affect the domain of private property rights and the public interests in terms of externality. Although land use planning and control can reduce the negative externality of land development, the limitation on private land will attenuate private property rights and result in the loss of landowners’ property rights and land value. The Private Property Rights Movement arises so as to pursue a reasonable protection of property rights and to have an equal treatment under land use control.
    From the society viewpoint, land use control is employed to modify the market failure so as to reduce the negative externality and increase positive externality, but the implementation of tighter land use control means that the landowners’ property rights are redefined and attenuated. That how far is too far is always a controversy and lead to the emergence of two opposite movements i.e. the Growth Management Movement and The Private Property Rights Movement. This study intends to investigate the concept of and to analyze the influence factors of both movements so as to use a mirror for Taiwan’s land use planning and control which assigns and reassigns the property rights of land.
    參考文獻: 一、中文文獻
    (一)中文專書
    1.王濟川、郭志剛，2005，「Logistic迴歸模型－方法及應用」，台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
    2.賴宗裕，1999，「都市成長與土地開發管理」，台北：華泰文化事業公司。
    3.Douglass North，劉瑞華譯，1994，「制度變遷與經濟成就」，台北：時報文化出版企業有限公司。
    4.Douglass North，劉瑞華譯，1995，「經濟史的結構與變遷」，台北：時報文化出版企業有限公司。
    （二）學位與研究論文
    1.張婉宜，2001，土地登記制度對財產權保障之研究－從新制度經濟學之觀點，國立政治大學地政系碩士論文。
    2.賴宗裕，2003，從成長管理到智慧型成長－理念與應用的發展，2003第一屆土地學術研討會。
    二、英文文獻
    （一）英文專書
    1.American Planning Association, 2002, Planning For Smart Growth－2002 State of the States, Smart Growth Network.
    2.Brazel Y., 1997, Economic analysis of property rights, New York: Cambridge University Press.
    3.Dana, D. A. and Merrill, T. W., 2002, Property：Takings, New York： Foundation Press.
    4.DeGrove, J. M., 1992, The new frontier for land policy : planning and growth management in the States, Cambridge, Mass. : Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
    5.DeGrove, J. M., 2005, Planning Policy and Politics─Smart Growth and the States, Cambridge, Mass. : Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
    6.Frank, R. M.、,Merriam, D. H. and Meltz, R., 1999, The Takings Issue：Constitutional Limits on Land-Use Control and Environmental Regulation, Washington, D.C.：Island Press.
    7.Fishcel, W. A., 1995, Regulatory Takings：Law, Economics, and Politics, Harvard University Press.
    8.Heyen P., 2000, The Economic Way of Thinking. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.:Prentice-Hall
    9.Jacobs, H. M., 2006, The Taking of Europe：Globalizing the American Ideal of Private Property ？（Working Paper）, Cambridge, MA：Lincoln Institute of Land policy.
    10.Juergensmeger, J. C. and Roberts, T. E., 1998, Land Use Planning and Control Law, West Group.
    11.Levy, J. M., 1994, Contemporary Urban Planning, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.：Prentice Hall.
    12.Mercuro N., 1992, Taking Property and Just Compensation－Lae and Economics Perspectives of The Takings Issue, Boston：Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    13.Olivetti, A. M., Jr., and Worsham J., 2003, This Land is Your Land, This Land is My Land：The Property Rights Movement and Regulatory Takings, New York：LFB Scholarly Publisher
    14.Priest, D. E., 1975, Epilogue：Managed Growth and The Future of City Building, in Management and Control of Growth, 3, edited by Scott, R. W., Brower, D. J. and Miner, D. D., Management & Control of Growth：Issues, Techniques, Problems and Trends, The Urban Land Institute
    15.Scott, R. W., Brower, D. J. and Miner, D.D., 1975, Management & Control of Growth：Issues, Techniques, Problems and Trends, The Urban Land Institute.
    16.Templin, E. E., 1992, Managing Community Growth and Change, 3, Bibliography of Education Material for Locue officials on Growth Management, working papers, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
    17.Zovanyi G., 1998, Growth Management for a Sustainable Future: Ecological Sustainability to The New Growth Management Focus for The 21stst Century, Praeger.
    （二）會議與博士論文
    1.Cowell, P. F., 2006,“Property Valuation in the 21 Century”, paper presented at Toward a 2015 Vision of Land, Taipei, Taiwan, October 24-25.
    2.Knaap, G. J., 2004, “A Requiem for Smart Growth?”, paper presented at Planning Reform in the New Century, Washington University Law School, St. Louis, Mo, December, 2004
    3.Knaap, G. J., 2006,“The Sprawl of Economics”, paper presented at Toward a 2015 Vision of Land, Taipei, Taiwan, October 24-25.
    4.Olivetti, A. M., 1999, Protecting Property Rights in American, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Political Science, University of West Virginia, West Virginia, Morgantown.
    （三）英文期刊與文章
    1.Alchian A. and Demsetz, P. Z., 1973, “The Property Rights Paradigm”, The Journal of Economic History, 33(1)：16-26.
    2.Anderson, T. L. and Hill, P. J., 1983, “Privatizing the Commons：An Improvement？”, Southern Economic Journal, 50(2)：438-450.
    3.Anonymous, 2006, “Eminent Domain－Public Use－Ohio Supreme Court Holds That Economic Development Cannot By Itself Satisfy the Public Use Limitation of the Ohio Constitution.－City of Norwood v. Horney, 853 N.E.2d 1115 (Ohio 2006)”, Harvard Law Review, 120(2)：643-650
    4.Blume L., Rubinfeld, D. L. and Shapiro P. 1984, “The Taking of Land: When Should Compensation Be Paid?”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 99(1)：71-92.
    5.Boudreaux, D. J.、Lipford J. And Yandle B., 1995, “Regulatory Takings and Constitutional Repair The 1990’s Property-Rights Rebellion”, Constitutional Political Economy, 6：171-290.
    6.Bradley J., 2006, “Property Wrongs： In Kelo’s Wake, a Raft of Anti-regulatory Initiatives from the Rights”, The American Prospect, 17(1)：16-18.
    7.Buchanan, J. M., 1973, “The Coase Theorem and the Theory of the State”Natural Resources Journal, 13：579-594. Reprinted in: James M. Buchanan and Robert T. Tollison (eds.), 1984, The Theory of Public ChoiceⅡ, p.159-173, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
    8.Buchanan, J. M., 1999, “Politics, Property, and the Law：an Alternative interpretation of Miller et al. v. Schoene”, The Journal of Law Economics, 15(2)：439-452.
    9.Chapin, T. S. and Connerly C. E., 2004, “Attitudes Towards Growth Management in Florida－Comparing Resident Support in 1985 and 2001”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 70(4)：443-452.
    10.Costa, F., 2005, Comment: An Ambitious Movement and its Prospects for Success, Journal of American Planning Association, 71(4)：378-380
    11.Cordes, M. W., 1997, “Leapforgging the Constitution: The Rise of State Takings Legislation.”, Ecology Law Quarterly, 24：187-242
    12.Demsetz, 1967, “Toward a Theory Property Rights”, American Economic Review, 57(2)：347-359.
    13.Downs A., 2005, “Smart Growth: Why We Discuss It More Than We Do It”, APA Journal, 71(4)：367-380.
    14.Eagle, S. T., 2000,“Del Monte Dunes, Good Faith, and Land Use Regulation”The Environmental Law Report─News & Analysis Journal, 30：10100-10110. Retrieved April 15,2007 from Environmental Law Institute, on the World Wide Web: http://www.elr.info/index.cfm
    15.Eagle, S. T., 2005, “The Birth of The Property Rights Movement”, Policy Analysis, 558：1-42.
    16.Emerson K. and Wise, C. R., 1997, “Statutory Approaches to Regulatory Takings：State Property Rights Legislature Issues and Implications for Public Administration”, Public Administration Review, 57(5)：411-422.
    17.Epstein, R. E., 2005,“A Popular Insurrection on Property Rights”, Free, 55(9)：8-10.
    18.Folsom, R. E., 1993,“Executive Order 12630: A President’s Manipulation of the Fifth Amendment’s Just Compensation Clause to Achieve Control over Executive Agency Regulatory Decisionmaking? ”, Boston College Environmental Affair Law Review, 20(4)：639-697.
    19.Furubotn, E. G. and Pejovich S., 1972, “Property Rights and Economic Theory：A Survey of Recent Literature”, Journal of Economic Literature, 10(4)：1137-1162.
    20.Gale, D. E., 1992, “Eights State-Sponsored Growth Management Programs－A Comparative Analysis”, APA Journal, 58(2)：425-439.
    21.Garrett T. A. and Rothstein P., 2007, “The Taking of Prosperity？ Kelo v. New London and the Economics of Eminent Domain”, St. Louis: January 2007, p.5-9.
    22.Godschalk, D. R., (2000, Fall). Smart Growth Efforts around the Nation. Popular Government, 66(1)12-20. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from School of Government, on the World Wide Web: http://www.sog.unc.edu/pubs/
    23.Hamin, E. M., 2003, “Legislating Growth Management, Power, Politics, and Planning”, Journal of the American Planning Association, Autumn, 69(4)：368-380.
    24.Hermalin, B. E., 1995, “An Economic Analysis of Takings”, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 11(1)：64-86
    25.Higley, C. J., 2000, “City of Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes”, Ecology Law Quarterly, 27：603-619
    26.Jacobs, H. M., 1999a, “The Impact of State Property Rights Laws: those Laws and My Land”, Land Use Law & Zoning Digest, 47(2)：3-8.
    27.Jacobs, H. M., 1999b, “Fight Over Land： America’s Legacy…America’s Future?”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 65(2)：141-149.
    28.Jacobs, H. M., 2003, “The Politics of Property Rights at The National Level：Signals and Trends”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 69(2)：181-189.
    29.Landis, J. D., 2006, “Growth Management Revisited”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 72(4)：411-430.
    30.Leef, G. C., 2005, “Kelo v. City of New Landon：Do We Need Eminent Domain for Economic Growth？”, Free, 55(9)：13-16.
    31.L’opez, E. J. and Totah, S. M., 2007, “Kelo and Its Discontents: The Worst (or Best?) Thing to Happen to Property Rights.”, Independent Review, 11(3): 397-416.
    32.Lucas F. （2006, March）. Eminent Domain Outcry Pierces State Houses. Stateline.org, Retrieved May 10, 2007 from Stateline.org, on the World Wide Web:http://www.stateline.org/live/ViewPage.action?siteNoteId=136&languageId=1&contentId-96421
    33.Marzulla, N. G., 2002, “The Textualism of. Clarence Thoams: Anchoring The Supreme Court’s Property Rights Jurisprudence to The Constitution”, American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law, 10(2)：351-379.
    34.Miniter R., 1994, “You Just Can’t Take It Anymore：America’s Property Rights Revolt”, Policy Review, 70：40-47.
    35.O’Toole R., 2004, “A Postlander’s View of Smart Growth”, The Review of Austrian Economic, 17(2/3)：203-212.
    36.Sax, J. L., 2005, “Why American has Property Rights Movement”, University of Illinois Law Review, 2005(2)：513-520.
    37.Savage, D. G.., 2002,“No Time Outs For The taking”, ABA Journal , Jan 88：27.
    38.Song Y. and Knaap, G. J., 2004, “Measuring Urban Form：Is Portland Winning the War on Sprawl？”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 70：210-225.
    39.Song Y., 2005,“Smart Growth and Urban Development pattern a Comparative Study”, International Regional Science Review, 28(2)：239-265.
    40.Staley, S. R., 2004, “Urban Planning, Smart Growth, and Economic Calculation: An Austrian Critique and Extension”, The Review of Austrian Economics, 17(2/3)：265-283.
    41.Steel, B. S. and Lovrich, N. P., 2000, “Growth Management Policy and County Government：Correlates of Policy Adoption across the United States”, State and Local Government Review，32(1)：7-49.
    42.Stephenson, C. E., 2006, “Ohio Supreme Court Limits Eminent Domain Power”, Lawyers USA, p.1
    43.Strong, A. L., Mandelker, D. R. and Kelly, E. D., 1996, “Property Rights and Takings”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(1)：5-15.
    44.Sandefur T. (2006, November). The Great Property-Rights Revival. Retrieved May 13, 2007 from National Review Online, on the World Wide Web: http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6791
    45.Toth, J. T., 1991, “Coleman v. Utah State Land Board: Searching for a Balanced Approach to ‘Takings’ Under the Utah Constitution”, Utah Law Review (Spring)：505-529
    46.Washington D.C., 2006,“Private Property Rights Overview”, Congressional Digest, 85(1)：6-32.
    47.Washington Research Council, 2002,“Property Rights and the Growth Management Act”, December 17：1-6, Retrieved March 15, 2007, from Washington Research Council, on the World Wide Web: http://www.researchcouncil.org/publications_container/GMA7.pdf
    48.Weinberger, A. M., 2007, “Economic Benefits Alone Are Insufficient to Justly the Taking of Property by Eminent Domain”, The Appraisal Journal, 75(2)：91-92.
    49.Weinstein, A. C., 2006a, “Ohio Supreme Court Rules Against City in Norwood”, Planning, 72(9)：50-51
    50.Weinstein, A. C., 2006b, “Eminent Domain: Judicial and Legislative Responses to Kelo”, Planning & Environmental Law, 58(11)：3-10
    51.White, S. S., 2000, “State Property Rights Laws：Recent Impacts and Future Implications”, Land Use Law & Zoning Digest, 52(7)：3-9.
    52.Wise C., 1992, “New Life for The Fifth Amendment：The Supreme Court’s New Doctrine of Regulatory Takings”, Public Administration Quarterly, 16(3)：303-325.
    三、參考網站
    1.美國人口普查局 http://www.census.gov/
    2.美國勞工統計局 http://www.bls.gov/
    3.美國農業部 http://www.nass.usda.gov/
    4.美國財政部 http://www.irs.ustreas.gov/
    5.美國共和黨州長委員會 http://www.rga.org/
    6.美國民主黨州長委員會 http://www.democraticgovernors.org/
    7.美國地圖相關網站 www.theodora.com/maps
    8.維基百科網站 http://zh.wikipedia.org/
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    地政研究所
    94257017
    95
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094257017
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[地政學系] 學位論文

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