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    Title: 英美幹細胞研究之政治分析
    The political analysis of stem cell research in Britain and the United States
    Authors: 陳勳慧
    Chen, Hsun Hui
    Contributors: 何思因
    Ho, Szu Yin
    陳勳慧
    Chen, Hsun Hui
    Keywords: 胚胎
    幹細胞研究
    體細胞核移轉技術
    複製
    人類受精與胚胎學法
    Date: 2007
    Issue Date: 2009-09-19 13:21:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 一國的社會價值、歷史文化與政治制度影響國內各個不同行為者的行為,進而決定立法的發展。本論文以英美兩國幹細胞研究政策的立法演進為主題,首先介紹幹細胞研究的科學發展。其次闡述墮胎政治的歷史遺緒對於英美兩國幹細胞研究政策立法的影響。再來是著眼於支持和反對幹細胞研究的利益團體採取何種遊說策略以達到目的,以及政府與國會如何回應利益團體的要求、因應國內外研究發展,形成或修正幹細胞研究的政策。

    從1978年第一個試管嬰兒Louise Brown出生開始,到後來複製羊Dolly誕生、人與動物跨物種混合胚胎等重大科學事件,「捍衛人類尊嚴」與「保障研究自由」兩者間就不斷地拉鋸。不斷前進的科學研究永遠走在法律的前端,挑戰人們的價值觀,立法者需要時時跟上研究發展的腳步,確保研究在大眾所容許的界限內進行。

    英國在1990年通過「人類受精與胚胎學法」並成立「人類受精與胚胎學管理局」,是第一個針對胚胎及幹細胞研究做全面性立法規範的國家。對於幹細胞研究的管理是採「正面表列同意」、「前端管理」的模式,公私部門的研究在進行之前都必須取得「人類受精與胚胎學管理局」的授權同意。

    美國對於幹細胞研究則是採取「負面表列禁止」、「終端管理」的模式,符合市場經濟小而美政府的傳統。只規範使用聯邦經費補助的研究,不規範私部門研究的部分。但是對於公私部門研究的臨床應用嚴格把關,確保安全性及有效性。
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    Description: 碩士
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