Reference: | 一、中文部分 貝克憂鬱量表第二版中文版指導手冊(陳心怡譯)(2000)。台北市:中國 行為科學研究社。(原著出版年:1994年)。 性格與社會心理測量總覽(楊宜音、張志學等譯)(1997)。台北市:遠流。 (原著出版年:1990年)。 林彥鴻(2003)焦慮症、憂鬱症及混合焦慮與憂鬱症之婦女在史楚普作業 及回想作業上的差異。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。 劉瑞楨(1998)憂鬱者與社會焦慮者的自我關注特性-偏好性、持續性 與彈性的探討。國立臺灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。 鍾思嘉、龍長風(1984)修定情境與特質焦慮量表之研究。測驗年刊,31 輯,27-36頁。 盧孟良、車先蕙、張尚文、沈武典(2002)中文版貝克憂鬱量表第二版之 信度和效度。臺灣精神醫學,16(4),301-310頁。 二、英文部分 Allport, A. (1989). Visual attention. In Foundations of Cognitive Science (M. I. Posner, Ed.), 631–682. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Amir, N., & Elias, J. (2002). Allocation of attention to threat in social phobia: difficulty in disengaging from task irrelevant cues, Manuscript under review. Amir, N., Elias, J., Klumpp, H., & Przeworski, A. (2003). Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1325-1335. Amir, N., Foa, E. B., & Coles, M. E. (1998). Automatic activation and strategic avoidance of threat-relevant information in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107 (2), 285-290. Amir, N., Mcnally, R. J., Riemann, B. C., Burns, J. Lorenz, M., & Mullen, J. T. (1996). Suppression of the emotional stroop effect by increased anxiety in patients with social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(11/12), 945-948. Asmundson, G. J. G., Carleton, R. N., & Ekong, J. (2005). Dot-probe evaluation of selective attentional processing of pain cues in patients with chronic headaches. Pain, 114, 250-256. Asmundson, G. J. G., & Stein, M. B.(1994). Selective processing of social threat in patients with generalized social phobia: Evaluation using a dot-probe paradigm. Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 8, 107-117. Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133 (1), 1-24. Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L.(1985). Anxiety disorders and phobia: A cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory Manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio: Psychological Corporation. Bond, N. W., & Siddle, D. A. T. (1996). The preparedness account of social phobia: Some data and alternative explanations, In Rapee, R. M. (Ed.). Current Controversies in the Anxiety Disorders, New York Guilford Press, 291–316. Bogels, S. M., & Mansell, W. (2004). Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 827-856. Bower, G. H. (1987). Commentary on mood and memory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 25, 443-455. Bradley, B. P., & Mogg, K. (1999). Attentional bias for emotional faces in generalized anxiety disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 267-278. Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Flla, S. J., & Hailton, L. R. (1998). Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: Manipulation of stimulus duration. Cognition and Emotion, 12(6), 737-753. Bulter, G.(1985). Exposure as a treatment for social phobia: Some instructive difficulties. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 651-657. Byrne, A., & Eysenck, M. W. (1995). Trait anxiety, anxious mood, and threat detection. Cognition and Emotion, 9(6), 549-562. Chen, Y. P., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., & Mansell, W. (2002). Patients with generalized social phobia direct their attention away from faces. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 677-687. Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In: R. G. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp.69-93). New York: Guilford Press. Cooper, R. M., & Langton, S. R. H. (2006). Attentional bias to angry faces using the dot-probe task? It depends when you look for it. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1321-1329. Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111 (2), 225-236. Eastwood, J. D., Smilek, D., Oakman, J. M., Farvolden, P., van Ameringen, M., Mancini, c., & Merikle, P. M. (2005). Individual with social phobia are biased to become aware of negative faces. Visual Cognition, 12(1), 159-179. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Picures of facial effect. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Eysenck, M. W. (1992). Anxiety: The cognitive perspective, Erlbaum, Hove. Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20–35. Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 681-700. Fox, E., Russo, R., & Dutton, K. (2002). Attentional bias for threat: evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16(3), 355-379. Garner, M., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2006). Orienting and Maintenance of Gaze to Facial Expressions in Social Anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 760-770. Georgiou, G. A., Bleakley, C., Hayward, J., Russo, R., Dutton, K., Eltiti, S., & Fox, E. (2005). Focusing on fear: Attentional disengagement from emotional faces. Visual Cognition, 12(1), 145-158. Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Foa, E. B., & Amir, N. (1999). Attentional biases for facial expressions in social phobia: the face-in-the-crowed paradigm. Cognition and Emotion, 13(3), 305-318. Grant, D. M., & Beck, J. G. (2006). Attentional biases in social anxiety and dysphoria: Does comorbidity make a difference? Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 20, 520-529. Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Rapee, R. M., & Bruch, M. A. (1988). The validity of the social avoidance and distress scale and the fear of negative evaluation scale with social phobic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26(5), 407-410. Hirsch, C. R., & Clark, D. M., (2004). Information-processing bias in social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 799-825. Horenstein, M., & Segui, J. (1997). Chronometrics of attentional processes in anxiety disorders. Psychopathology, 30, 25–35. Kindt, M., & Brosschot, J. F. (1997). Phobia-related cognitive bias for pictorial and linguistic stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106 (4), 644-648. Koster, E. H. W., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., Damme, S. V., & Wiersema, J. R. (2006a). Components of attentional bias to threat in high trait anxiety: facilitated engagement, impaired disengagement, and attentional avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1757-1771. Koster, E. H. W., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., & De Houwer, J. (2004). Selective attention to threat in the dot probe paradigm: differentiating vigilance and difficulty to disengage. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1183-1192. Koster, E. H. W., Leyman, L., Raedt, R. D., & Crombez, G. (2006b). Cueing of visual attention by emotional facial expressions: The influence of individual differences in anxiety and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 329-339. Koster, E. H.W., Verschuere, B., Crombez, G., & Damme, S. V. (2005). Time-course of attention for threatening pictures in high and low trait anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1087-1098. Kowler, E., Anderson, E., Dosher, B., & Blaser, E. (1995). The role of attention in the programming of saccades. Vision Research, 35(13), 1897-1916. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N. (1998). Emotion and attention: Stop, look, and listen. Current Psychology of Cognition, 17, 997-1020. Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., & Campbell, C. D.(1988). Self-presentational concerns and social anxiety: The role of generalized impression expectancies. Journal of Research in Personality, 22(3), 308-321. MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15-20. Maidenberg, E., Chen, E., Craske, M., Bohn, P. & Bystritsky, A. (1996). Specificity of attentional bias in panic disorder and social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10(10), 529-541. Mansell, W., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Internal versus external attention in social anxiety: an investigation using a novel paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 555-572. Mansell, W., Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., & Chen, Y. P. (1999). Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 13(6), 673-690. Mansell, W., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., & Chen, Y. P. (2002). Attention to positive and negative social-evaluative words: Investigating the effects of social anxiety, trait anxiety and social threat. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 15(1), 19-29. Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (1998). A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22(6), 539-560. Mathews, A., Mackintosh, B., & Fulcher, E. (1997). Cognitive biases in anxiety and attention to threat. Trends in Cognitive Science, 1, 340-345. Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1985). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23(5), 563-569. Mathews, A., & Sebastian S. (1993) . Suppression of emotional Stroop effects by fear-arousal. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 517-530. McNaughton, N., & Gray, J. A. (2000). Anxiolytic action in the behavioural inhibition system implies multiple types of arousal contribute to anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, 161-176. Mineka, S., & Zinbarg, R. (1996). Conditioning and ethological models of anxiety disorders. In D. A. Hope (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on anxiety, panic and fear. (Vol. 43, pp. 135–210). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 809-848. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1999). Orienting to attention to threatening facial expressions presented under conditions of restricted awareness. Cognition and Emotion, 13(6), 713-740. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2002). Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 1403-1414. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2003). Some methodological issues in assessing attentional biases for threatening faces in anxiety: a replication study using a modified version of the probe detection task. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 595-604. Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., De Bono, J., & Painter, M. (1997). Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 297-303. Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Miles, F., & Dixon, R. (2004a). Time course of attentional bias for threat scenes: Testing the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis. Cognition and Emotion, 18(5), 689-700. Mogg, K., Mathews, A., Bird, C., & Macgregor-Morris, R. (1990). Effects of stress and anxiety on the processing of threat stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1230-1237. Mogg, K., Mathews, A. & Weinman, J. (1987). Memory bias in clinical anxiety.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 94–98. Mogg, K., Philippot, P., & Bradley, B. P. (2004b). Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 160-165. Muller, H. J., & Rabbitt, P. M. (1989). Reflexive and voluntary orienting of visual attention: time course of activation and resistance to interruption. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Percept Perform, 15(2), 315-330. Musa, C., Lepine, J.-P., Clark, D. M., Mansell, W., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Selective attention in social phobia and the moderating effect of a concurrent depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1043-1054. Nyenhuis, D. L., Yamamoto, C., Stern, R. A., Luchetta, T., & Arruda, J. E. (1997). Standardization and validation of the visual analog mood scales. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11(4), 407-415. Pishyr, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2004). Attentional bias for words and faces in social anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 17(1), 23-36. Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990).The attention system of the human brain. Annual Reviews Neuroscience, 13, 25-42. Posner, M. I., Synder, C. R. R., & Davidson, B. J. (1980). Attention and the detection of signals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109(2), 160-174. Perowne, S. & Mansell, W. (2002). Social anxiety, self-focused attention , and the discrimination of negative , neurtal and positive audience members by their non - verbal behaviours. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ,30,11-23. Rachman, S. (1998). A cognitive theory of obsessions: elaborations, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 385–401. Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 741-756. Rohner, J.-C. (2002). The time-course of visual threat processing: high trait anxious individuals eventually avert their gaze from angry faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16(6), 837-844. Salemink, E., van den Hout, M. A., & Kindt, M. (2007). Selective attention and threat: Quick orienting versus slow disengagement and two versions of the dot probe task. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(3), 607-615. Spector, I. P., Pecknold, J. C., & Libman, E. (2003). Selective attentional bias related to the noticeability aspect of anxiety symptoms in generalized social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 17, 517-531. Spielberger, C. D., Sydeman, S. J., Owen, A. E.,& Marsh, B. J. (1999). Measuring anxiety and anger with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI). In (Ed.),The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcome assessment(pp.993-1021). Mahwan, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Sposari, J. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2007). Attentional bias toward facial stimuli under conditions of social threat in socially phobic and nonclinical participants. Cognitive Therapy Research, 31, 23-37. Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, C. V., & Keys, D. J.(1986). Psychopathology of social phobia: A comparison to avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(4), 389-394. Trower, P. & Gilbert, P. (1989). New theoretical conceptions of social anxiety and social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 19-35. Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Townsley, R. M. (1992). Social phobia: A comparison of specific and generalized subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(2), 326-331. Veljaca, K.-A., & Rapee, R. M. (1998). Detection of negative and positive audience behaviours by socially anxious subjects. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 311-321. van Honk, J., Tuiten, A., van den Hout, M., Putman, P., de Haan, E., & Stam, H. (2001). Selective attention to unmasked and masked threatening words: relationships to trait anger and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 711-720. Vassilopoulos, S. P. (2005). Social anxiety and the vigilance-avoidance pattern of attentional processing. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 13-24. Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 33(4), 48-57. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C.,& Mathews, A. (1988). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester: Wiley. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. (2nd ed.), Wiley, Chichester, England. Winton, E. C., Clark, D. M., & Edelmann, R. J.(1995). Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and the detection of negative emotion in others. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(2), 193-196. Yiend, J., & Mathews, A. (2001). Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54A(3), 665-681. |