政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/37070
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文筆數/總筆數 : 113822/144841 (79%)
造訪人次 : 51778982      線上人數 : 510
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜尋範圍 查詢小技巧：
  • 您可在西文檢索詞彙前後加上"雙引號"，以獲取較精準的檢索結果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜尋，建議至進階搜尋限定作者欄位，可獲得較完整資料
    •  進階搜尋
    政大機構典藏 > 理學院 > 心理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/37070


    請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37070


    題名: 高社交焦慮者對於情緒性刺激的注意力偏誤--驗證「認知內容特定性假設」
    作者: 陳姱蓁
    貢獻者: 許文耀
    陳姱蓁
    關鍵詞: 社交焦慮
    注意力偏誤
    認知內容特定性假設
    社交威脅情境
    日期: 2008
    上傳時間: 2009-09-19 11:54:42 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究主要的目的在於採用線索典範作業探討高社交焦慮者是否對於特定的情緒刺激有注意力偏誤的現象。高社交焦慮組有25 人與低社交焦慮組有29 人參與正式實驗，受試者分別被分派至社交焦慮情境中或無社交焦慮情境中，並且在電腦螢幕中的兩個長方形中出現中性、一般正向、一般威脅、社交正向、社交威脅、身體正向及身體威脅詞彙作為線索，當線索消失之後，受試者被要求對於目標物「E」或「F」進行判斷。在這些線索中，有些是有效線索（例如：目標物與線索出現在同一個位置上），有些是無效線索（例如：目標物與線索出現在不同的位置上）。
    研究結果顯示當線索是社交正向詞彙時，被分派至社交焦慮情境中的高社交焦慮者相較於低社交焦慮者，在無效線索狀況下對於目標物的反應時間較快，且整體的注意力傾向，被分派至社交焦慮情境中的高社交焦慮者比低社交焦慮者較少將注意力投注在社交正向詞彙上。但並沒有有力的證據支持高社交焦慮者相較於低社交焦慮者，對於與社交焦慮有關詞彙，尤其是社交威脅詞彙具有注意力偏誤。這些研究發現認為高社交焦慮者有可能缺乏正向偏誤的保護機制，所以在社交焦慮情境中，容易選擇性忽略社交正向訊息，因而較缺少正向經驗與正向情感，反而會藉由逃避負面評價的方式，或是隱藏、抑制自己的社交焦慮情緒來維持良好的自我形象。
    參考文獻: 貝克憂慮量表第二版指導手冊（中文版） (陳心怡譯)（2000）。台北市：
    中國行為科學社。
    李敬陽與葛魯嘉（2007）。社交焦慮障礙流行病學特徵與治療方法的研究
    現狀。中國組織工程研究與臨床康復，11(52)，10644-10647。
    李皇謀與李玉琇（2006）。267 個常見中文雙詞彙的情緒評量與自由聯想常
    模。未發表。
    性格與社會心理測量總覽（上）（楊中芳譯）（1997）。台北市：遠流。
    林彥鴻（2003）。焦慮症、憂鬱症及混合焦慮與憂鬱症之婦女在史楚普作業及
    回想作業上的差異。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。
    林砡如（2007）。憂鬱症患者於選擇性注意歷程對正性與負性干擾物之抑制現
    象。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。
    洪友雯（2004）。焦慮症患者對於情緒干擾面孔之負向促發。國立成功大學行
    為醫學研究所碩士論文。
    陳正文（2007）。多重主觀閾值下之情緒詞彙處理歷程研究。私立輔仁大學應
    用心理學研究所碩士論文。
    鄭文郁（2003）。焦慮敏感度與無害事件的災難性解釋在恐慌發作病理的角
    色：以運動為例。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
    精神疾病的診斷與統計（孔繁鐘譯）（2005）。台北市：合記（原著出版年：
    1994 年）。
    劉瑞楨（1999）。憂鬱者與社交焦慮者的自我關注特性－偏好性、持續性
    與彈性的探討。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
    鍾思嘉與龍長鳳（1984）。修訂情境與焦慮量表之研究。測驗年刊，31，
    27-36。
    American Psychiatric Association. (1994).Diagnostic and
    statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition.
    Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    Amir, N., Elias, J., Klumpp, H., and Przeworski, A.(2003).
    Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: Facilitated
    processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention
    from threat? Behaviour Research and Therapy,41, 1325-
    1335.
    Amir, N., McNally, R. J., Riemann, B. C., Burms, J., Lorenz,
    M., & Mullen, J.T.(1996).Suppression of the emotional
    Stroop effect by increased anxiety in patients with
    social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34,
    945-948.
    Asmundson, G. J. G., & Stein, M. B. (1994). Selective
    processing of social threat in patients with
    generalized social phobia: Evaluation using a dot-
    probe paradigm. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8(2),
    107-117.
    Barlow, D.H.(2001).Clinical handbook of psychological
    disorders. New York: The Guilford Press.
    Beck, A. T., & Clark, D.A(1988).Anxiety and depression: An
    information processing perspective. Anxiety Research,
    1,23-26.
    Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R.L. (1985). Anxiety
    disorder and Phobias: A cognitive perceptive. New
    York: Basic Books.
    Beck, R., Perkins, T.S., Holder, R., Robbins, M., Gray, M,
    and Allison, S.H . (2001).The Cognitive and emotional
    phenomenology of depression and anxiety: Are worry and
    hopelessness the cognitive correlates of NA and PA?
    Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25( 6), 829–838.
    Becker, E.S., Rinck, M., Margraf, J., and Roth, W.T.(2001).
    The emotional Stroop effect in anxiety disorders
    general emotionality or disorder specificity? Anxiety
    Disorders, 15,147-159.
    Bögels, S. M., and Mansell, W.(2004).Attention process in
    the maintenance and treatment of social phobia:
    hypervigilance, avoidance, and self-focused attention.
    Clinical Psychology Review, 24,827-856.
    Bower,G. H.(1981).Mood and memory. American Psychologist,
    151,129-148
    Bradley, B.P., Mogg, K., Falla, S.J., and Hamilton, L.R.
    (1998).Attentional bias for threatening facial
    expression in anxiety: Manipulation of stimulus
    duration. Cognition and Emotion, 12(6), 737-753.
    Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Millar, N., & White, J. (1995).
    Selective processing of negative information- effects
    of clinical anxiety, concurrent depression , and
    awareness . Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(3),
    532-536.
    Chen, Y.P., Ehlers, A., Clark, D.M., Mansell, W.(2002).
    Patients with generalized social phobia direct their
    attention away from faces.Behaviour Research and
    Therapy, 40, 677-687.
    Clark, D.M., &Wells, A.(1995). A cognitive model of social
    phobia. In New York: The Guilford Press.
    Diefenbach, G.J., McCarthy-Larzelere, M.E., Williamson,
    D.A., Mathews, A., Manguno-Mire, G.M., and Bentz, B.G.
    (2001).Anxiety,depression, and the content of worries,
    Depression and anxiety, 14,247–250.
    Esteves, F., & Ohman, A. (1993). Masking the face-
    recognition of emotional facial expressions as a
    function of the parameters of backward-masking.
    Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 34(1), 1-18.
    Eysenck, M. W., & Byrne, A. (1992). Anxiety and
    susceptibility to distraction. Personality and
    Individual Differences, 13(7), 793-798.
    Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., Perry, K. J., & Herbert, J. D.
    (1996). Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia.
    Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(3), 433-439.
    Fox, E. (1993). Attention bia in anxiety – Selective or
    not. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31(5), 487-493.
    Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowels, R., and Dutton, K. (2001).Do
    threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in
    subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental
    Psychology: General, 130(4), 681-700.
    Fox, E., Russo, R., and Dutton, K. (2002). Attentional bias
    for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from
    emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16 (3),355-379.
    Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Foa, E. B., & Amir, N. (1999).
    Attentional biases for facial expressions in social
    phobia: The face-in-the-crowd paradigm.Cognition &
    Emotion, 13(3), 305-318.
    Grant, D.M., and Beck, J.G. (2006).Attentional biases in
    social anxiety and dysphoria: does comorbidity make a
    difference? Anxiety Disorders,20,520-529.
    Helfinstein, S.M., White, L.K., Haim, Y.B., and Fox, N.A.
    (2008).Affective prime suppress attention bias to
    threat in social anxious individuals.Behaviour
    Research and Therapy, 46,799-810.
    Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D.A., Rapee, R.M., & Bruch, M. A.
    (1988).The validity of the social avoidance and
    distress scale and fear of negative evaluation scale
    with social phobia patients. Behavioural Research and
    Threapy,26,407-413.
    Heinrichs, N., Hofmann, S.G., and Barlow, D.H.(2004).Non-
    specific encoding of threat in social phobia and
    panic disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 33(3),
    126-136.
    Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2000). Impaired positive
    inferential bias in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal
    Psychology, 109(4), 705-712.
    Ito, T., Cacioppo, J. T., & Lang, P. J. (1998). Eliciting
    affect using the international affective picture
    system: Trajectories through evaluative space.
    Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(8), 855-
    879.
    Kashdan, T. B. (2004).The neglected relationship between
    social interaction anxiety and hedonic deficits:
    differentiation from depressive symptoms.Journal of
    Anxiety Disorders,18,719-730.
    Kashdan, T. B. (2007). Social anxiety spectrum and
    diminished positive experiences: Theoretical synthesis
    and meta-analysis. Clinical PsychologyReview, 27(3),
    348-365.
    Kashdan, T. B., & Breen, W. E.(2008). Social anxiety and
    positive emotions: A prospective examination of a self-
    regulatory model with tendencies to suppress or express
    emotions as a moderating variable. Behavior Therapy,
    39 , 1–12.
    Kolassa, I.T., and Miltner, W.H.R.(2006).Psychophysiological
    correlates of face processing in social phobia. Brain
    Research, 1118, 130-141.
    Koster, E.H.W., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., Houwer, J.D.,
    and Wiersema, J.R.(2006).Components of attentional
    bias to threat in high trait anxiety: facilitated
    engagement, impaired disengagement, and attentional
    avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy,44,1757-1771.
    Li, S., Tan, J., Qian, M., and Liu, X. (2008). Continual
    training of attentional Bias in Social Anxiety.
    Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46,905-912.
    MacLeod, A., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional
    bias in emotional disorders.Journal of Abnormal
    Psychology,95,15-20.
    Maidenberg, E., Chen, E., Craske, M., Bohn, P., and
    Bystritsky,A.(1996). Specificity of attentional bias
    in panic disorder and social phobia.Journal of Anxiety
    Disorders, 10(6), 529-541.
    Mansell, W., Clark, D.M., Ehlers, A., and Chen, Y.P.(1999).
    Social anxiety and attention away from emotional
    faces. COGNITION AND EMOTION,13 (6), 673-690.
    Mansell, W., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., & Chen, Y. P. (2002).
    Attention to positive and negative social-evaluative
    words: Investigating the effects of social anxiety,
    trait anxiety and social threat. Anxiety Stress and
    Coping,15(1), 19-29.
    Mansell, W., Clark, D.M., and Ehlers, A.(2003).Internal
    versus External attention in social anxiety: An
    investigation using a novel paradigm.Behaviour
    Research and Therapy, 41,555-572.
    Mathews, A., & Klug, F. (1993). Emotionality and
    interference with color-naming in anxiety. Behaviour
    Research and Therapy, 31(1), 57-62.
    Mathews, A., Mogg, K., Kentish, J., & Eysenck, M. (1995).
    Effect of psychological treatment on cognitive bias in
    generalized anxiety disorder.Behaviour Research and
    Therapy, 33(3), 293-303.
    Mattia, J. I., Heimberg, R. G., & Hope, D. A. (1993). The
    revised stroop color-naming task in social phobics.
    Behaviour Research and Therapy,31(3), 305-313.
    McNally RJ, Amir N, Louro CE, Lukach BM, Riemann BC,
    Calamari JE.(1994). Cognitive processing of idiographic
    emotional information in panic disorder. Behaviour
    Research and Therapy, 32:119–122.
    Mogg, K., McNamara, J., Powys, M., Rawlinson, H., Seiffer,
    A., & Bradley,B .P. (2000).Selective attention toward
    threat: A test of two cognitive models of anxiety.
    Cognition and Emotion, 14(3),375-399.
    Moritz, S., and Mühlenen, A.V. (2008).Investigation of an
    attentional bias for fear-related material in
    obsessive-compulsive checkers,DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY,
    25,225-229.
    Moser a, J.S., Huppert, J.D., Duval, E., &Simons, R.F.
    (2008) .Face processing biases in social anxiety: An
    electrophysiological study. Biological Psychology
    ,78,93–103.
    Pishyar, R., Harris, L.M., and Menzies, R.G. (2004).
    Attentional bias for words and faces in social
    anxiety. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 17(1), 23-26.
    Posner, M. I. & Cohen, Y.(1984). Co mponents of visual
    orienting. Attention and Performance X, 531-446.
    Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-
    behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia.
    Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 89-99.
    Riemann, B. C., & McNally, R. J. (1995). Cognitive
    processing of personally relevant information.
    Cognition & Emotion, 9(4), 325-340.
    Spector,I. P., Pecknold, J.C., and Libman, E. (2003).
    Selective attentional bias related to the
    noticeability aspect of anxiety symptoms in generalized
    social phobia. Anxiety Disorders, 17,517-531.
    Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, R.E., Vagg, P.R.,
    &Jacobs, G.A.(1983).Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety
    Inventory.Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
    Taylor,S.E.,&Brown,J.D.(1988).Illusion and well-being:a
    social psychological perspective on mental health.
    Psychological Bulletin,103,193-210.
    Vassilopolous, S. (2005). Social anxiety and the vigilance-
    avoidance pattern of attentional processing.Behavioural
    and Cognitive Psychothreapy, 33,13-24.
    Veljaca, K.A., and Rapee, R.M., (1998).Detection of negative
    and positive audience behaviour by socially anxious
    subjects. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36,311-321.
    Vermeulen, N., Corneille, O., & Luminet, O. (2007). A mood
    moderation of the extrinsic affective simon task.
    European Journal of Personality, 21(3),359-369.
    Waston ,D., &Friend,R(1969).Measurement of social-
    evaluative anxiety.Journal of Consulting and Clinical
    Psychology,33,448-457.
    Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Rodebaugh, T.L., & Norton,
    P.J.( 2008). Exploring the relationship between fear
    of positive evaluation and social anxiety. Journal of
    Anxiety Disorders, 22 ( 3), 386-400.
    Westra, H.A., and Kuiper, N.A. (1997).Cognitive content
    specificity in selective attention across four domains
    of maladjustment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35
    (4), 349-365.
    Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A.
    (1998).Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders
    (2nded.).Chichester:Wiley.
    Woody, S. R., (1996). Effects of focus of attention on
    anxiety levels and social performance of individuals
    with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105
    (1), 61-69.
    Yiend, J. & Mathews, A.(2001).Anxiety and attention to
    threatening pictures. Quarterly Journal of Experimental
    Psychology, 54A, 665-681.
    Yiend, J. (2004). Maintenance or capture of attention in
    anxiety-related biases. In J. Yiend(Ed), Cognition,
    emotion and psychopathology. Cambridge,Cambridge
    University Press.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    94752003
    97
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094752003
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[心理學系] 學位論文

    文件中的檔案:

    檔案 描述 大小格式瀏覽次數
    200301.pdf92KbAdobe PDF21118檢視/開啟
    200302.pdf120KbAdobe PDF21052檢視/開啟
    200303.pdf114KbAdobe PDF21114檢視/開啟
    200304.pdf118KbAdobe PDF21479檢視/開啟
    200305.pdf127KbAdobe PDF21356檢視/開啟
    200306.pdf218KbAdobe PDF22306檢視/開啟
    200307.pdf440KbAdobe PDF24170檢視/開啟
    200308.pdf260KbAdobe PDF21769檢視/開啟
    200309.pdf173KbAdobe PDF21085檢視/開啟
    200310.pdf148KbAdobe PDF21428檢視/開啟
    200311.pdf224KbAdobe PDF21284檢視/開啟


    在政大典藏中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回饋