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Title:	軟體產業的顧客知識運用、產權與組織型式
Authors:	王盈勛 Wang, Ying-hsun
Contributors:	李仁芳 Lee, Jen-fang 王盈勛 Wang, Ying-hsun
Keywords:	顧客知識產權組織型式軟體創新產業開放原始碼 customer knowledge property right organizational form software innovation industry open source
Date:	2002
Issue Date:	2009-09-18 09:15:03 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	摘要開放原始碼軟體的出現，對軟體產業帶來巨大的衝擊。然而，針對開放原始碼軟體的研究，經常將開放原始碼軟體視為「沒有產權」的軟體，或是被更進一步提高到意識型態之爭，視為是爭取自由的「聖戰」。本研究的成果指明，開放原始碼軟體之所以出現與茁壯，是回應軟體市場對個人化與差異化需求越來越高的有效方式。產品差異化的程度越高，對顧客知識的依賴程度越高，而開放原始碼軟體社群則是全然靠顧客的知識貢獻來開發軟體的一種組織形式。開放原始碼授權協議作為一種產權制度，並非「沒有產權」或是「反對產權」，組織而是讓軟體開發社群成員的專質性知識與產權配置得以效率結合的制度發明。開放原始碼授權協議以著作權為基礎的制度安排，讓軟體開發者能夠自主地運用軟體原始碼、擴大社群成員間的知識共享、以及排除個人或商業公司在其間從事投機行為的可能性。本研究對組織創新的三權假說於社群組織的運用，進行了初步的檢驗；此外，對於軟體產業該如何妥善運用顧客力量從事產品創新也提出了一些建議。 Abstract The emergence of the open source software in the 1990s has made a huge impact on the software industry. However, the overall research on the open source software often regards it as “software without property right,” or even sees it a “holy war” fighting for freedom by heightening the ideological conflicts between liberalism and capitalism. The outcome of this research indicates that the initiation and development of the open source software serves as the effective response for the demanding software market of individualization and differentiation. The more the software product differentiates, the more the users’ knowledge has to be replied upon. The open source software community is a form of organization which entirely lives on the intellectual contribution of its customers. The licensing of the open source software as a system of property right does not mean that it has no property right or it is against property right; rather, it is an invention of system which allows the efficient combination of the community software developers and the distribution of property right. The licensing of the open source software based on the intellectual property right permits the software developers making use of the open source independently, expanding the communal share of knowledge among community members, and eliminating the possibilities of individuals and commercial companies who try to speculate in it. This study has made preliminary examinations on the application of the “hypothesis of the three powers” of the organizational innovation on communities and provides software industry with suggestions for how to make proper use of the power of customers.
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