Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33949
|
| Title: | 政府政策對於風力發電的影響：台灣與中國之比較 |
| Authors: | 葛卓強
Graham,Joshua |
| Contributors: | 于卓民
葛卓強
Graham,Joshua |
| Keywords: | 風力發電 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-17 18:53:33 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | Although wind energy is still unable to compete with traditional forms of power production on the free market, it is the world’s fastest-growing energy source with an average annual growth rate of 29 percent. This growth is mainly due to favorable policies set by the government. The reasons for these policies include the reduction of: pollution, fossil fuel dependency, and/or carbon emissions. Countries have utilized a number of wind energy incentive programs which have produced varying results.
In the past, researchers have found that the “fixed tariff” incentive policy stimulates growth in the wind energy market, but produces a high price. In contrast, the “tendering tariff” has been found to stimulate much less growth with a low price.
The cases of Taiwan and China have been analyzed in this thesis, and it was found that, contrary to expectations, the fixed tariff system in Taiwan has a lower price and has produced less growth than the tendering tariff system in China. The reasons for this purported in this thesis is that the model for understanding the dynamics of the policy was wrong. The price under the fixed tariff system determines the amount of development and the amount of land offered in the auctions determines the amount development in the tendering tariff system. The price in the tendering tariff system depends on the amount of competition in the bidding process. Taiwan has been frugal in their pricing of wind generated electricity and the Chinese government has shown determination to offer enough land for development in federal and local auctions to triple its goals.
Other policies have also been analyzed including those favoring local companies. China’s large market has given it a bargaining tool for the use of such policies to stimulate joint ventures and local manufacturing, but Taiwan is too small for companies to take interest in similar policies.
In Taiwan, companies have played a key role in establishing infrastructure because there was originally a general lack of policy despite political goals. This gave rise to the concept of the “global wind energy company” presented in this thesis. This type of company analyzes the markets of numerous countries before making the decision to enter. To find truly uncontested markets, a company may have to help create infrastructure in markets where it is lacking. Models of the country selection process are given along with strategy models for companies within the different policy systems. |
| Reference: | AWEA “The Economics of Wind Energy” 2005
http://www.awea.org/pubs/factsheets/EconomicsOfWind-Feb2005.pdf
AWEA “Comparative Cost of Wind and Other Energy Sources”
http://www.awea.org/pubs/factsheets/Cost2001.PDF
AWEA “Wind Power Capacity in US Increased 27% in 2006 and is Expected to Grow an Additional 26% in 2007” http://www.awea.org/newsroom/releases/Wind_Power_Capacity_012307.html
AWEA “Will a wind project interfere with electromagnetic transmissions such as radio, television, or cell-phone signals?” http://www.awea.org/faq/wwt_environment.html
Barney, J. B. “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage” Journal of
Management 17, pp.99-120 1991
B2B Renewable Energies Website “Wind Power & Project: Nordex establishing joint venture in China - Production facility for large-scale turbines being set up” December 02, 2005
http://www.b2brenenergy.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=979
Becker, J. “China in an energy quandary” Asia Times August 8, 2003
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/EH28Ad01.html
Bergey Windpower Co. Website “A Primer on Small Turbines”
http://www.kansaswindpower.net/Wind_generators.htm
British Wind Energy Association (BWEA) “Wind Energy Technology” 2007 http://www.bwea.com/ref/tech.html
Brower, M. C.; Bell, K.; Spinney, P.; Bernow, S.; Duckworth M. “Evaluating the Risk-Reduction Benefits of Wind Energy; A Report to the US Department of Energy Wind Technology Division” Convergence Research, Charles River Associates, Tellus Institute JANUARY 1997
http://fortress.wa.gov/wutc/home/webdocs.nsf/b8da29aede8fdd67882571430005a9c1/fa2b72a06d6c42b688256b610000f060/$FILE/wind%20risk%20study%201997.pdf
Bureau of Economic Analysis “Current Dollar and Real Gross Domestic Product” 2007
http://bea.gov/national/xls/gdplev.xls
California Energy Commission “Energy Technology Status Report” 1996
http://www.energy.ca.gov/etsr/reportsu.html
Canadian Wind Energy Association Project Factsheets “Planning a Windfarm”
http://www.canwea.ca/images/uploads/File/NRCan_-_Fact_Sheets/4_planning.pdf
Cavallo, A. J. “Hubbert’s Petroleum Production Model: An Evaluation and Implications for World Oil Production Forecasts” Natural Resources Research, Vol. 13, No. 4, December 2004
Central Taiwan Science Park Website
http://www.ctsp.gov.tw/english/04investment/inv_d01_list.aspx?v=20&fr=300&no=304
China Business “China suggests capping wind power on-grid tariffs, may hurt foreign investors” June 21, 2007 http://www.interfax.cn/displayarticle.asp?aid=25138&slug=CHINA-ENERGY-WIND
China Daily “Coal to remain top energy source for China” March 30, 2005
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-03/30/content_429544.htm
China Daily “Policy takes the wind out of investors’ sails” Author: Sun, X. H. June 8, 2006 http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-12/27/content_768326.htm
Clarke, D. “Wind power and Wind Farms in South Australia” Independent website
http://au.geocities.com/daveclarkecb/WindPower.html
Clean energy Future Group “A Clean Energy Future for Australia” Authors: H. Saddler, M. Diesendorf, R. Denniss 2004
Council for Economic Planning and Development, Executive Yuan “Taiwan Agenda 21” Taiwan November 2004
DOE, EIA “China Country Analysis Brief” July 2004
http://forecast.countrywatch.com/energy/overview.aspx?vcountry=37
Downs, E. S. “China’s Quest for Energy Security” (Sponsored by the US Air Force) Rand Corporation Santa Monica USA 2000
Ea Energy Analyses “50% Wind Power in Denmark in 2025” July 2007
http://www.windpower.org/media(1775,1033)/engelsk_resumã©_ea_analyse.pdf
ECOworld “China’s Wind Power: The World’s Most Populous Country Harnesses Wind to Help Power a Burgeoning Economy” July 15, 2006 http://www.ecoworld.com/home/articles2.cfm?tid=390
EIA “Annual Energy Outlook 2007 with Projections to 2030 (Early Release) – Overview” 2005 figure
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/growth.html#prices
EIA “Energy Outlook 2003” http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/plugs/plaeo03.html
EIA “Energy Price Impacts on the US Ecomomy” April 2001
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/economy/energy_price.html
EIA “International Energy Outlook 2004” US Department of Energy
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/index.html
EIA “Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis)”
2000
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/presentations/2000/long_term_supply/index.htm
EIA “Natural City Gate Gas Price Index” Average 2001 and 2006 http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/hist/n3050us3m.htm
EIA “Searching for optimism in IEA`s latest energy projection” November 2006 http://www.energybulletin.net/22042.html
EIA “World Energy and Economic Outlook” June 2006
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/world.html
The Encyclopedia of the Earth “Energy profile of Taiwan”
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_Taiwan
Energy Watch Group “Coal: Resources and Future Production” March 2007
http://www.energywatchgroup.org/files/Coalreport.pdf
Enzensberger, N.; Wietschel, M.; Rentz, O. “Policy instruments fostering wind energy projects—a multi-perspective evaluation approach” Energy Policy
Volume 30, Issue 9, July 2002, Pages 793-801
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-44JHW9B-1&_user=1194677&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000051940&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1194677&md5=9bc29113e4fa3d31520f013dd329ebd5
Erickson, W. P.; Johnson, G. D.; Strickland M. D.; Young, D. P. Jr.; Sernka, K. J.; Good, R. E. “Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines: A Summary of Existing Studies and Comparisons to Other Sources of Avian Collision Mortality in the United States” National Wind Coordinating Committee (NWCC) Resource Document August 2001
European Wind Energy Association “Wind Energy: The Facts” 2003
Fein, I. “Defense Department Cites Potential Radar Interference from Wind Farms” The Vineyard Gazette October 6, 2006
http://www.mvgazette.com/news/2006/10/06/wind_farm_radar.php
Florence, J. “Global Wind Power Expands in 2006” Earth Policy Institute June 2006 http://www.earth-policy.org/Indicators/Wind/2006.htm
Global Wind Energy Council Website “Statistics”
http://www.gwec.net/uploads/media/07-02_PR_Global_Statistics_2006.pdf
GMRQ (公民维权网) “The GMRQ Investigative Report of the Shanwei (Dongzhou) Incident” (2006) http://zonaeuropa.com/20060112_1.htm
Goldratt, E. M. “The Theory of Constraints” The North River Press Publishing Corporation (1990)
Guardian Unlimited Special Reports “China could overtake US as biggest emissions culprit by November” Author: J. Vidal April 25, 2007 http://www.guardian.co.uk/china/story/0,,2064725,00.html
Hamel, G.; Prahalad C. K. “Competing for the Future” Harvard Business School Press
1996
Hargreaves, S. “Wind power blows through China: The central government`s heavy hand helps spark opportunities for Chinese and international players to green up the coal-fired country” CNNMoney.com February 26 2007
http://money.cnn.com/2007/02/20/news/international/china_wind/index.htm
Highlights of Green Technology No. 56 Jun. 13, 2003
Hubbert, M. K. “Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels” Presented before the Spring Meeting of the Southern District, American Petroleum Institute, Plaza Hotel, San Antonio, Texas, March 7-8-9, 1956
Infravest Website http://www.infra-vest.com/
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change “Climate Change 2007” April 2007
http://www.ipcc.ch/
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change “Technologies, Policies and Measures for Mitigating Climate Change” 1996 http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/IPCCTP.I(E).pdf
Kotler, P. “Ten Deadly Marketing Sins: Signs and Solutions” Indianapolis, USA: Wiley & Sons 2004
Laherrère, J. “Future of Natural Gas Supply”, 3rd International Workshop on Oil & Gas Depletion, ASPO, Berlin, May 2004.
Lema, A.; Ruby, K. “Between fragmented authoritarianism and policy coordination: Creating a Chinese market for wind energy” 2007 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4NC5T5N-1&_user=1194677&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000051940&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1194677&md5=544c32330889d53286094f46632e6792
Lewis, J. I.; Wiser R. H. “Fostering a renewable energy technology industry: An international comparison of wind industry policy support mechanisms” Energy Policy Volume 35, Issue 3, March 2007, Pages 1844-1857
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4KJ7541-1&_user=1194677&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000051940&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1194677&md5=131021dd6062d14af9f56c28709b4520
Li, J. F.; Shi, J. L.; Xie, H.W.; Song, Y. Q.; Shi P. F. “A Study on the Pricing Policy of Wind Power in China” China Renewable Energy Industries Associaton, Greenpeace, Global Wind Energy Commission October 2006
http://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/press/reports/wind-power-price-policy
McCaffrey, R. “The Cement Industry`s Role in Climate Change” The Concrete Producer April 2002
Menanteau, P.; Finon, D.; Lamy, M. L. “Prices versus quantities: choosing policies for promoting the development of renewable energy” Institut d’Economie et de Politique de l’Energie, CNRS/Université Pierre Mendes-France 2003
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-46YBNVJ-1&_user=1194677&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2003&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000051940&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1194677&md5=b6132835b44d4a0e33dfa3d0a275e585
Nakanishi, N. “ANALYSIS - China Wind Power Boom May Bust Without Policy Change” Reuters July 24, 2006
http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/37362/newsDate/24-Jul-2006/story.htm
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Wind Farm Area Calculator
http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/power_databook/calc_wind.php
Newsweek, vol. 149, “Race to the Moon” Author: F. Guterl Feb 5, 2007
New York Times “Beijing Casts Net of Silence Over Protest” Author: H. W. French
December 14, 2005
Pacific Gas & Electric and the Electric Power Research Institute “Wind Energy: Current Status and Future Prospects” Author: A. J. Cavallo 1993
http://www.princeton.edu/~globsec/publications/pdf/4_1cavallo.pdf
Pacific Hydro Website FAQ’s Page
http://www.pacifichydro.com.au/Classroom/FAQs/tabid/114/Default.aspx#howlongpayback
Pigou, A. C. “Wealth and Welfare” New York: Macmillan Company (1912)
Prahalad, C. K.; Hamel G. “Competing for the Future” Harvard Business School Press
1994
Prahalad, C. K.; Hamel G. “The Core Competence of the Corporation” Harvard Business Review 1990
Rasiel, E. “The McKinsey Way” McGraw-Hill 2001
Reiche, D.; Bechberger M. “Policy differences in the promotion of renewable energies in the EU member states” Energy Policy Volume 32, Issue 7, May 2004, Pages 843-849 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-484SKVD-2&_user=1194677&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2004&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000051940&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1194677&md5=15c4b8319ced12412761d5cbf69b7fc7
renewableenergyaccess.com “The People`s Republic of China (Full Text) Authorized Release: The Renewable Energy Law”
http://www.renewableenergyaccess.com/assets/download/China_RE_Law_05.doc
Reuters “China Eyes Turbines at Sea to Boost Wind Power” April 26, 2005
http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/30532/story.htm
Reuters “China`s Goldwind blows off U.S. IPO, stays at home” Author: J. Hua
Jun 11, 2007 http://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSHKG15266620070611
Reuters “China joins wind turbine business” April 03, 2007
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C04%5C03%5Cstory_3-4-2007_pg5_31
Robb, G. “Soft second quarter coming round the bend” MarketWatch May 6, 2007
http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/soft-second-quarter-coming-round/story.aspx?guid=%7B3A873946-FCC8-40F1-96D1-4E8F644C9D68%7D
Royal Academy of Engineering “The Cost of Generating Electricity” 2004
http://www.raeng.org.uk/news/publications/list/reports/Cost_Generation_Commentary.pdf
Saiget, R. J. “China looks to harness wind power” Energy Tech Jun 4, 2006
www.terradaily.com/reports/China_looks_to_harness_wind_power.html
Simmon, M. R. “Twilight in the Desert; The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy” Indianapolis, USA: Wiley & Son’s, 2006
Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment project for the United Nations Environment
Program (2006) http://swera.unep.net/typo3conf/ext/metadata_tool/archive/download/chinawindreport_ch_244.pdf
Stepek, J. “Are we facing Peak Uranium?” Moneyweek Online October 2, 2006
http://www.moneyweek.com/file/20488/are-we-facing-peak-uranium.html
Stern, N. “Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change” 2006 Cambridge University Press http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm
Stock Interview “Cameco’s Cigar Lake Mine Drowning: Where Will U.S. Utilities
Get Uranium Now?” Author: J. Finch October 24, 2006
http://www.stockinterview.com/News/10242006/Cameco-Cigar-Lake.html
Taipei Times “Germany`s nuclear policy a model” Author: T. F. Wang April 07, 2003
Telenos Web Development “An Illustrated History of Wind Power Development”
http://www.telosnet.com/wind/
Tsai, W. T.; Chou, Y. H. “Overview of environmental impacts, prospects and policies for renewable energy in Taiwan” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2005, Pages 119-147
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VMY-4BVNW1W-2&_user=1194677&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000051940&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1194677&md5=d92c4c86db4964cc92d55e6c18ab129c
upstreamonline.com “Non-Opec output to peak in 2015” April 24, 2007
http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article131842.ece
Uranium Institute, The “Uranium – Resources Sustainablilty and the Environment”
Author: S. Kidd London, England (2006) http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/default/tech_papers/17th_congress/3_2_12.asp
US Energy Information Administration. “Long-Term World Oil Supply Scenarios: The Future Is Neither as Bleak or Rosy as Some Assert” Authors: Long, G. R.; Morehouse, D. F.; Wood, J. H
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/feature_articles/2004/worldoilsupply/oilsupply04.html
US Department of Energy “Wind is Most Viable Energy Renewable, Energy
Department Says” (2005) http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2005&m=July&x=20050706183752cmretrop0.3758509
Uyterlinde, M. A.; Junginger, M.; de Vries, H. J.; Faaij, A. P. C.; Turkenburg W. C. “Implications of technological learning on the prospects for renewable energy technologies in Europe” Energy Policy. Kidlington: Aug 2007. Vol.35, Iss. 8; pg. 4072
Van Wijk, A.J.M.; Coelingh, J.P. “Wind Potential in the OECD Countries” University of Utrecht, Netherlands 2000
Varela, F.; Mayes, I. “Plugging The Gap: A Survey of World Fuel Resources and their Impact on the Development of Wind Energy” Renewable Energy Systems and the Global Wind Energy Council 2006
http://www.gwec.net/uploads/media/RESGWEC-_Plugging_the_Gap_report_01.09.06.pdf
Washington Times “China, U.S. interests conflict” Authors: B. W. Marcois, L. R. Miller March 25, 2005 http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20050324-075950-4488r.htm
Westrick, K.; Larson, K.; Leung, R. “Strategic Range Wind Energy Forecasting and Assessment: Methods, Benefits, and Implications for Wind Energy Development into the 21st Century” published by 3TIER Environmental Forecast Group, Inc. and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 2004
http://www.3tiergroup.com/pdf/publications/awea_2004a.pdf
Wikipedia “Carbon tax”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tax
Wikipedia “Energy Crisis”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_crisis
Wikipedia “Wind power”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power
windpower.org “Danish Green Certificate (RPS) Scheme Put on Ice” http://www.windpower.org/media(498,1033)/Danish_Green_Certificate_(RPS)_scheme_put_on_ice.pdf
Wizelius, T. “Developing Wind Power Projects: Theory and Practice” London: Earthscan Publications 2006
Wood Mackenzie “Wood Mackenzie sees non-OPEC peak oil threat receding” April
2007 http://www.woodmacresearch.com/cgi-bin/corp/portal/corp/corpPressDetail.jsp?oid=829157
World Bank “Atlas of Global Development: A Visual Guide to the World`s Greatest
Challenges” HarperCollins 2007
World Information Service on Energy, Uranium Project “A back-door come-back
Nuclear energy as a solution for climate change?” (2005) http://www.hubbertpeak.com/nuclear/NIRS_WISE.pdf
World Nuclear Association “Fueling the Future: A New Paradigm Assuring Uranium Supplies in an Abnormal Market” World Nuclear Association Annual Symposium, 8-10 September 2004 – London, J. Combs presenting, 2004 http://www.world-nuclear.org/sym/2004/pdf/combs.pdf
WorldWatch Institute “China Speeds Up Renewable Energy Development” Author: J. X. Yang October 26, 2006 www.worldwatch.org/node/4691
WorldWatch Institute “China`s Wind Energy Potential Appears Vast” Author: Li, Z. J. November 2, 2005 http://www.worldwatch.org/node/57
WorldWatch Institute “Made in China, or Made by China? Chinese Wind Turbine Manufacturers Struggle to Enter Own Market” Author: Liu, Y. L. May 19, 2006
http://www.worldwatch.org/node/3931
World Energy Council “Survey of energy Resources: Wind energy” (2006)
http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/reports/ser/wind/wind.asp
Yue, C. D.; Liu, C. M.; Liou, M. L. “A transition toward a sustainable energy future: feasibility assessment and development strategies of wind power in Taiwan” Energy Policy Volume 29, Issue 12, October 2001, Pages 951-963 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-43HSW7J-3&_user=1194677&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2001&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000051940&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1194677&md5=344b2a1e77c059688a97fd5c30d92e5b#bib4 |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理碩士班(IMBA)
94933026
95 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094933026 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際經營管理英語碩士學程IMBA] 學位論文
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
