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| Title: | 數位權利管理(DRM)系統可行性研究-從技術、法律和管理三面向剖析
A Study on the Feasibility of Digital Rights Management (DRM) Systems-From Technological, Legal and Management Aspects |
| Authors: | 郭祝熒
Kuo,Melody C.Y. |
| Contributors: | 劉江彬
邱仁鈿
Liu,Paul C.B.
Chiou,Jen-Diann
郭祝熒
Kuo,Melody C.Y. |
| Keywords: | 數位權利管理(DRM)
數位版權管理
著作權保護
合理使用
數位內容
價值鏈
互通性
FairPlay
iTunes Store
成本效益
金鑰
解密
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
Copyright Protection
Fair Use
Digital Content
Value Chain
Interoperability
FairPlay
iTunes Store
Cost-Benefit
User Key
Decryption |
| Date: | 2007 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-17 18:43:13 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 在數位內容下載市場蓬勃發展的同時，非法傳輸的流量亦不惶多讓，是以DRM機制成為了著作權利人進入網路世界的絕佳後盾，以DRM提高複製的門檻，並據以實施其商業模式，故於各數位內容核心產業皆可見DRM應用之蹤跡，卻同時引發了究竟DRM是Digital “Rights” Management 亦或Digital “Restriction” Management的爭議。是天使？或是惡魔？便形成了人們對於DRM的不同觀感。
本研究係從技術、法律以及管理三個面向分別切入，由技術面看DRM保護著作物之極限何在，由法律面看相關科技保護措施之立法造成何種影響，合理使用的空間是否因DRM之實施而造成限縮，接著由管理面向看DRM在數位內容產業價值鏈中所扮演之角色及其與價值鏈上各端權力角力衝突之關係，最後由標準面看目前DRM相關標準的運作以及互通性標準的發展趨勢。並從個案研究觀察DRM在不同產業情境中的應用。
本研究認為，DRM技術本身是中性的，其關鍵在於商業設計運用。而在盜版問題無法完全根絕之情況下，以DRM作為因應之道將使得受限內容之經濟價值不若自由流通之內容，因為內容產業的發展關鍵在於「人氣」，而盜版永遠無法取代創意與使用者對於內容之需求。因此，既然無法防堵非法傳輸之現象，則不妨與之直接面對面進行作戰，權利人既掌握了關鍵的內容，則可以針對盜版的弱點提供更優質的服務。就我國目前數位內容產業發展之情境來看，現階段或許有採取DRM進行保護的必要性，以便在推動合法消費市場之際，平衡兼顧保護著作權人以及著作利用人之權益。然而，在虛擬世界中欲全面防堵非法散佈有其技術上之侷限性，消費者亦多半養成了免費取得之使用模式與心態，因此長期而言，或許應設法從創新的商業模式來扭轉此態勢。
Though the use of digital rights management (DRM) has been controversial, it is still widely used in the digital world. Advocates think of DRM as an indispensable way to prevent unauthorized duplication and dissemination of copyrighted works while opponents often suggest that the term “rights” should be replaced by “restriction” to best describe how DRM works.
This thesis aims to analyze the issues of DRM from three perspectives. First starting with the technical point of view to see how DRM works and found out that DRM technology does have its limitation for copyright protection. That’s the reason why treaties and legislations such as the WCT, WPPT, and DMCA are needed to build the last ditch in the war with piracy. However, the attempt backfired as companies other than rights holders used it as a way to prevent market competition. As the rights holders can effectively control the access of their work with DRM, there comes another dispute about the “Paracopyright” effect. Most important of all, the use of DRM divests the users of the rights they had in the analog world, such as simply lending a book to a friend. From the perspective of management, a cost benefit analysis indicates that the benefit of using DRM to prevent unauthorized duplication obviously overwhelms by its cost and risk. In the context where the content providers, service providers, and device manufacturers all attempt to dominate the whole value chain, DRM also became one of the most powerful instruments for that purpose. Closed ecosystems are built one after another especially in the online music industry in order to bundle the consumers with specific players and music services and thus caused the antitrust issue.
The online music industry and the e-book industry were chosen as case studies in the fourth chapter of the thesis. Based on different industry context, DRM strategy and its impact would differ and therefore results in a variety of business models. For example, the consumers in the US are relatively more aware of the use of DRM and are more willing to pay for authorized content. In contrast, the awareness of DRM of consumers in Taiwan is much lower and the price they are willing to pay is also far lower than what the music labels can accept. As a result, the streaming model prevails over pay-per-download model in the online music market of Taiwan. And the feasibility and necessity of DRM also varies in different industries. Before the digitalization of books, authors already had libraries providing free copies as piracy do today, and the prevalence of scanning machines and copy machines makes it even harder to prevent illegal file sharing. Accordingly, there is far less reason to use DRM in the e-book industry than in the online music industry.
DRM technology is neutral in itself, and the key point is how it is designed based on different business models. The defect of DRM is neither a technical nor a legal issue, but rather a business issue. As piracy can never be eradicated, coping it with DRM would only make the value of restricted contents much less than freely distributed contents. Popularity is what really matters in the content industry. DRM has its technical limit and causes so many legal issues accompanied with the cost and risk of maintaining such fragile systems. What rights holders have in hand are the creativity and the market’s need for new content, which could never be replaced by piracy. So why not fight it face to face?
Digital content industry is considered one of the most promising industries in Taiwan. However, local consumers have entrenched mindset of “free” contents. In present context, DRM is somehow needed while promoting the growth of legal market, in order to provide sufficient incentive to enrich the society with more and more creativity, and fairly protect both the rights of content providers and content users. But in the long run, a more creative or even subversive business model should be the solution to meet the trend of digital convergence. |
| Reference: | 壹、 中文
一、學位論文
1.王怡玲，數位時代著作權法之因應—以數位內容之集體管理為核心，逢甲大學財經法律研究所碩士論文，2004。
2.林咏芬，論著作權法中之接觸權，逢甲大學財經法律研究所碩士論文，2006。
3.吳宣函，Open source 架構下數位版權管理之研究，輔仁大學資訊管理學系碩士論文，2005。
4.高珮芳，線上音樂商店系統架構之競爭分析，政治大學智慧財產研究所碩士論文，2004。
5.張憶嬋，開放原始碼軟體商業模式及相關法律問題之探討，政治大學智慧財產研究所碩士論文，2005。
6.黃薇儐，數位音樂產業廠商競爭策略研究—以蘋果電腦、微軟、新力為例，台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文，2004。
7.葉舒菁，線上音樂商店經營模式—從台灣市場需求的觀點，政治大學智慧財產研究所碩士論文，2006。
8.廖文賢，應用數位版權管理於數位內容之研究，東海大學資訊工程與科學系碩士論文，2005。
9.謝長江，iPod, iTunes, 與數位音樂市場，台灣大學經濟學研究所碩士論文，2005。
二、期刊、（翻譯）書目
1.章忠信，著作權法制中「科技保護措施」與「權利管理資訊」之探討，萬國法律，2000/10＆2000/12。
2.David D. Friedman著，徐源豐譯，經濟學與法律的對話，初版，2002。
3.馮震宇，數位內容之保護與科技保護措施—法律、產業與政策的考量，月旦法學雜誌，第78期，2001/11。
4.劉江彬、黃俊英，智慧財產管理總論，初版，華泰文化，2004。
5.劉江彬，智慧財產法律與管理 案例評析（四），初版，華泰文化，2006。
6.蔡宜廷、劉育奇、周欣嫻、周丸生，數位音樂產業及其商業模式，政大智慧財產評論，第四卷，第二期，2006/10。
7.盧文祥，從著作財產權授權利用之困境探討創作共享機制之推展，東吳法律學報，2005。
三、專文、新聞及其他
1.Zune推出在即 微軟DRM技術接連遭破解，中國經濟網 ，2006/9/28。
2.朱美虹，科技保護措施對著作權保護之影響---以Lexmark v. Static Control為例。
3.資策會FIND/經濟部技術處「創新資訊應用研究計畫」，資策會MIC，2007/6/11。
4.經濟部智慧財產局，影音著作盜版問題之因應策略及措施研究（第三年），2006。
5.經濟日報A5版，哈利波特點石成金 創商業奇蹟，2007/7/21。
6.陳文賢，數位音樂對音樂產業之影響，行政院新聞局2006出版年鑑，2006。
7.陳家駿，著作權科技保護措施之研究報告，經濟部智慧財產局委託研究專案，2004。
8.湯幟、俞銀燕，DRM串起了內容產業鏈，北京大學計算機科學技術研究所，中國數字版權管理網，2006。
9.余顯強，楊曉農，數位權利管理應用於歷史性新聞報紙之架構研究，世新大學資訊傳播學系，2005。
10.趙國棟，Windows Vista功能全解析及與XP等系統對比，北方網，2006。
11.電子工程專輯，數位版權管理與條件接受技術應用前景展望，2006。
12.數位內容產業推動服務網，2006台灣數位內容產業白皮書，2006。
13.蕭人豪、林欣慧、林金龍、林麗虹，數位浮水印技術發展現況：以數位典藏計畫為例，中央研究院資訊科學研究所，2004。
14.鍾翠玲譯，Rootkit 官司和解，Sony BMG未來禁用，CNET新聞專區，2006。
15.顏嘉南，蘋果新款iPod揭曉，新增觸摸屏、WiFi及遊戲功能，NewsDigest，2007。
四、網站資料
(一)個人部份
1.成功大學，多媒體行動電腦網路—開放行動通訊聯盟，http://www.mmnetlab.csie.ncku.edu.tw/class/mmnet94/presentation/OMA.doc
2.青衿，數位版權管理(DRM)技術廠商各據一方，http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/ivorwang/articlemid=870&next=868&l=f&fid=8, 2007/6/5。
3.程蘊嘉， DRM數位權利管理與圖書館，http://www.wretch.cc/blog/libnews&article_id=2193130，2005/7/19。
(二)公司組織
1.天下雜誌知識庫，網址http://www.cwk.com.tw/cw/search/sch1.asp
2.美國唱片業協會RIAA，http://www.riaa.com/
3.微軟公司網站，http://www.microsoft.com
4.蘋果公司網站，http://www.apple.com
5.Adobe公司網站，http://www.adobe.com/
6.Billboard網站，http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/index.jsp
7.CinemaNow, http://www.cinemanow.com/
8.Coral Consortium, http://www.coral-interop.org/
9.創用CC-Creative Commons Taiwan，http://creativecommons.org.tw/static/about/cc
10.Digital Transmission Licensing Administrator, http://www.dtcp.com/
11.DVB標準組織網站，http://www.dvb.org/
12.DVD Copy Control Association, http://www.dvdcca.org
13.Hey Apple, Don’t Break My iPod, Petition, http://www.petitiononline.com/r4apple/petition.html
14.Intertrust公司網站，http://www.intertrust.com/main/index.html
15.KKBOX公司網站，http://www.kkbox.com.tw/funky/17_index_6.html
16.PlaysForSure, http://www.playsforsure.com/Default.aspx
17.XML台灣資訊網，http://www.xml.org.tw/Function/Fglossary1.asp?key=XrML
貳、英文部份
一、論文、書籍、雜誌
1.Eberhard Becker, Willms Buhse, Dirk Günnewig, Niels Rump (Eds.), Digital Rights Management-Technological, Economic, Legal and Political Aspects, Springer, 2003.
2.Criminalizing the consumer, Economist, Apr. 27, 2007.
J. Alex Halderman and Edward W. Felten, Lessons from the Sony CD DRM Episode, Center for Information Technology Policy Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Extended Version, 2006.
3.Rob Koenen, Intellectual Property Management and Protection in MPEG, IPMP in MPEG-W3C DRM Workshop 22/23 Jan. 2001
4.D. K. Lee, H. G. Oh, I. Y. Lee, A Study on Contents Distribution Using Electronic Cash System, IEEE, 2004. 5.Jeff Leeds and Brad Stone, Amazon to Sell Music without Copy Protection, The New York Times, May 17, 2007.
6.Lawrence Lessig, Creative Economies, Occasional Papers in Intellectual Property & Communications Law, Intellectual Property & Communications Law Program Michigan State University College of Law,
2006.
7.Q.Liu, R.S.Naini, N.P. Sheppard, Digital Rights Management for Content Distribution, Australasian information security workshop conference on ACSW frontiers 2003.
8.Felix Oberholzer, Koleman Strumpf, The Effect of File Sharing on Record Sales, ,An Empirical Analysis,Harvard Business School, UNC Chapel Hill, 2004.
9.William Rosenblatt, William Trippe, and Stephen Mooney, Digital Rights Management Business and Technology, M&T Books, 2002.
10.Hal R. Varian, Economics of DRM, UC Berkeley, Mar.8.2007.
二、網路資料
1.82 F. Supp. 2d 211; 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS906; 53 U.S.P.Q.2D (BNA) 1780, February 2, 2000, http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/cjoyce/copyright/release10/Universal.html.
2.Andy Barlow, Protecting Digital Content – The Challenge, W3C, 2004, http://www.w3.org/2000/12/drm-ws/pp/phocis-barlow.ppt
3.Chamberlain Group, Inc. v. Skylink Technologies, Inc., 381 F.3d 1178 (Fed. Cir. 2004).
4.Cornell University Law School, U.S. Code Collection, http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode17/usc_sec_17_00001201----000-.html
5.Daniel Eran Dilger, How FairPlay Works: Apple’s iTunes DRM Dilemma, 2007, http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/2A351C60-A4E5-4764-A083-FF8610E66A46.htm
6.Bill Rosenblatt, 2006 Year in Review: Technology,
www.drmwatch.com/drmtech/article.php/3650401, 2007
7.DRM Watch, Microsoft Extends Windows Media DRM to Non-Windows Devices, http://www.drmwatch.com/drmtech/print.php/3351401
8.DRM Watch, Two New Surveys Show Increased Consumer Acceptance of DRM, available at:
http://drmwatch.com//article.php/3692311
9.Ed Foster, E-Books and DRM, Info World, http://www.gripe2ed.com/scoop/story/2004/2/19/0515/77045,2004.
10.EFF, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Are you Infected by Sony-BMG’s rootkit?, 2005,
http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/archives/004144.php.
11.EFF, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Who Controls Your Television?How the Digital Video Broadcasting Project`s DRM Standards Jeopardize Innovation, Competition, and Consumer Rights, http://www.eff.org/IP/DVB/dvb_briefing_paper.php, 2004.
12.EMI Press release, EMI Music launches DRM-free superior sound quality downloads across its entire digital repertoire, http://www.emigroup.com/Press/2007/press18.htm, 2007.
13.Ken Fisher, Musicload: 75% of customer service problems caused by DRM, ars technical http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070318-75-percent-customer-problems-caused-by-drm.html, 2007.
14.Kuro5hin, Where do you read your Ebooks?, 2005, http://www.kuro5hin.org/poll/1116267647_bCBaWyXJ
15.Eric Flint, Introducing the Baen Free Library, http://www.baen.com/library/, 2000.
Brian Garrity, Underdog Amazon set to challenge iTunes, New York Post, 2007, http://www.nypost.com/seven/08312007/business/lets_dance_baby.htm
16.Robin Gross, Economist on Steve Job’s Stmt on DRM, Economist.com, 2007, http://mailman.ctyme.com/pipermail/opensyds/2007-February/000073.html.
17.Miguel Helft, Google Courts Small YouTube Deals, and Very Soon, a Larger One, The New York Times, 2007,
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/02/technology/02google.html?ei=5070&en=a7994c7c118d06d8&ex=1190001600&pagewanted=all
18.Information Week, Is DRM Doomed? The Case Against Digital-Rights Management, http://www.informationweek.com/security/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197801668&pgno=3&queryText=#
19.iSuppli, Future of Digital Entertainment at Risk Due to DRM Challenges, iSuppli Warns, http://www.isuppli.com/news/default.asp?id=5923, 2006.
20.macnn, Apple, airlines offer iPod integration, 2006,http://www.macnn.com/articles/06/11/14/ipod.airline.integration/
21.Farhad Manjoo, Aibo Owners Biting Mad at Sony, Wired News, 2001, http://www.wired.com/news/busisness/0,1367,48088,00.html
22.METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIO INC. et al. v. GROKSTER, LTD., et al. Morgan Stanley, Internet & Consumer Software, Internet Ecosystem Framework-CQ4 Trends Strong, Though Slower…, 2006, http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/pdfs/internet_ecosystem0306.pdf
23.Jon Noring, The Perils of DRM overkill for large publishers, http://www.teleread.org/publishersdrm.htm, 2004.
24.Felix Oberholzer, Koleman Strumpf, The Effect of File Sharing on Record Sales, An Empirical Analysis, Harvard Business School, UNC Chapel Hill, www.unc.edu/~cigar/papers/FileSharing_March2004.pdf, 2004.
25.RealNetworks v. Streambox, No.C99-2070P, 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1889(W.D. Wash., Jan.18, 2000).
26.Sony Computer Entm’t, Inc. v. Connectix Corp., 203 F.3d 596 (9th Cir.2000).
27.Sony Computer Entm’t, Am., v. Bleem, LLC, 214 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir.2000).
28.Steve Jobs, Thoughts on Music, Apple Company Website, 2007, http://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughtsonmusic/s
29.The Economist, Japan’s latest mobile craze : novels delivered to your handset, 2007, http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9231860
30.Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Yahoo! Asia News, S. Korean E-Book Market Forecast to Grow Over Threefold in 2006, 2006, http://asia.news.yahoo.com/060207/4/2fehb.html |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
智慧財產研究所
94361015
96 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0943610151 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [智慧財產研究所] 學位論文
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