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| 题名: | 德．顧拜旦（1863-1937）與奧運復興運動
Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) and the Olympic Movement |
| 作者: | 陳复嘉 |
| 贡献者: | 林美香
陳复嘉 |
| 关键词: | 德．顧拜旦
奧林匹克主義
奧運復興運動
現代奧運
現代體育
展示文化
復古風潮 |
| 日期: | 2006 |
| 上传时间: | 2009-09-17 17:12:15 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 奧林匹克運動會經過1,500年的蟄伏，終在1896年的雅典重獲新生，而幕後的推手，就是被喻為「現代奧運之父」的皮耶．德．顧拜旦（Pierre de Coubertin, 1863-1937）。從1890年代起超過40年的時間，德．顧拜旦一面以具體行動組織奧運復興運動，一面以論述的方式替現代奧運描繪藍圖、進行辯護，此即奧林匹克主義（Olympism）。本文以德．顧拜旦的奧林匹克主義與其相關行動為研究核心，並從以下三條線索：一、德．顧拜旦個人的生命經驗；二、十九、二十世紀的社會脈動；三、現代奧運早期的發展歷程，闡明德．顧拜旦的奧運理念、思想資源，以及他在奧運復興運動中的歷史位置。第一章概略介紹德．顧拜旦身處的時代與生平梗概，大革命後法國動盪的局勢以及普法戰爭敗北的屈辱，都對出身貴族的他產生刺激，促使他萌生改革社會的念頭。第二章關注當時三股重要的文化潮流：現代運動、展示文化與復古運動，特別著重它們的社會功能與所彰顯的意義，這三項文化運動不僅是現代奧運賴以生長的基礎，它們背後所暗含的現代體育、藝術與歷史意義，更是奧林匹克主義的核心價值。因此，三到五章中，將以此為三大主軸，來分析德，顧拜旦的奧林匹克主義與其復興奧運的實際行為。本文指出，現代奧運與奧林匹克主義不應該被分開看待，因為兩者皆是德．顧拜旦復興奧運的具體作為，偏廢任何一方，就無法呈現奧運復興運動的全貌。而若要對德．顧拜旦、現代奧運，或者奧林匹克主義做公允的評斷，則還要將時空脈絡納入考慮。如此，我們也才能看出德．顧拜旦既是夢想家，又是實踐者；既是現代奧運的創建者，又是十九世紀奧運復興運動的繼承者等諸多不同的面向。
Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) is recognized as the “Savior” of the Modern Olympic Games. His special contribution contains two major parts: first, he modernized and revived the games, and led the International Olympic Committee for almost 30 years; second, he designed the blueprint and vision of the games by promoting “Olympism”. Therefore, if we want to delve into the early history of the games, it is crucial to figure out what he did, what he said, and what influenced him.
This study intends to portray a historical picture of Olympism, especially focusing on its founder and his milieu. First chapter covers the background which motivated his social revolution. Second chapter highlights on the movements of modern sport, exhibitionary culture and revivalism, which not only represented mainstream cultural trends of 19 century, but also laid the basis of the modern Olympic Games. The underlying meaning of modern physical education, art and its historical positioning served as the core value of Olympism. Chapter 3 to 5, therefore, analyze these three pivotal points with regard to Olympism and its implementation. This study argues that the Modern Olympic Games and Olympism cannot be separated. Concerning that both are the result of actions taken by de Coubertin to revive the Olympic Games, equally important are their role in the Olympic movement. Ignoring either of them can lead to missing the whole picture of the process through which the Modern Olympic Games was founded. In this way, we can also see some different roles de Coubertin played in promoting the Olympic Movement. |
| 參考文獻: | 一、史料
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二、專書
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呂紹理，《展示臺灣》，台北：麥田出版，2005。
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彼得．蓋伊（Peter Gay），梁永安譯，《史尼茨勒的世紀》，台北：立緒文化，2004。
欣斯利（F. H. Hinsley）等編，中國社會科學院世界歷史研究所譯，《物質進步與世界範圍問
題：1870-1898》，《劍橋新編世界近代史》，卷11，北京：中國社會科學出版社，1999。
柯林‧黑伍德（Colin Heywood），黃煜文譯，《孩子的歷史》（A History of Childhood），台北：麥田出版，2004。
胡伊青加（Johan Huizinga），成窮譯，《人：遊戲者——對文化中遊戲因素的研究》，貴州：貴州人民，1998。
埃利亞斯（Norbert Elias），王佩莉譯，《文明的進程：西方國家世俗上層行為的變化》，北京：三聯，1995。
班納迪克．安德森（Benedict Anderson），吳叡人譯，《想像的共同體》，台北：時報文化公司，1999。
班雅明（Walter Benjamin），張旭東、魏文生譯，《發達資本主義時代的抒情詩人：論波特萊爾》，台北：臉譜，2002。
馬仲良等編，《人文奧運研究》，北京：北京體育大學出版社，2005。
馬克思（Karl Marx），唐諾譯，《共產黨宣言》，台北：臉譜，2001。
理查‧桑內特（Richard Sennett），黃煜文譯，《肉體與石頭》（Flesh and Stone），台北：麥田出版，2003。
莫瓦特（C. L. Mowat）等編，中國社會科學院世界歷史研究所譯，《世界力量對比的變化：1898-1945》，《劍橋新編世界近代史》，卷12，北京：中國社會科學出版社，1999。
麥可‧李維琳史密斯（Michael Llewellyn Smith），吳俊宏譯，《奧運‧雅典‧1896》，台北：麥田出版，2004。
喬治．克拉克（George Clark）等編，中國社會科學院世界歷史研究所譯，《歐洲勢力的頂峰：1830-1870》，《劍橋新編世界近代史》，卷10，北京：中國社會科學出版社，1999。
華遠路編，《奧運百科》，台北：漢宇，2005。
越長杰編，《奧林匹克進展》，北京：北京體育大學出版社，2004。
黃金麟，《歷史、身體、國家》，台北：聯經出版公司，2001。
鄧肯（Carol Duncan），王雅各譯，《文明化的儀式：公共美術館之內》（Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums），台北：遠流，1998。
霍布斯邦等著，陳思仁等譯，《被發明的傳統》（The Invention of Tradition），台北：貓頭鷹，2002。
霍布斯邦，王章輝等譯，《革命的年代：1789-1848》，台北：麥田出版，1997。
——張曉華等譯，《資本的年代，1848-1875》，台北：麥田出版，1997。
——賈士蘅譯，《帝國的年代，1875-1914》，台北：麥田出版，1997。
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—— Sports Spectators, New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
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三、論文
朱元鴻，〈文化工業：因繁榮而即將作廢的類概念〉，收入：張苙雲（編），《文化產業︰文化生產的結構分析》（台北：遠流，2000），頁11-45。
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阿傑‧阿帕度瑞（Arjun Appadurai），范聖宇譯，〈現代性遊戲：印度板球的非殖民化〉，收入：羅鋼、王中忱（編），《消費文化讀本》（北京：中國社會科學院，2003），頁367-393。
黃郁珺，〈十八世紀英國紳士的大旅遊〉，台北：輔仁大學歷史研究所碩士論文，2006。
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—— “Revisiting the Discourses of Art, Beauty and Sport from the 1906 Consultative Conference for the Art, Literature and Sport,” Olympika, Vol. V (1996): pp. 1-24.
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—— “The Masses Are Much More Sensitive to the Perfection of the Whole Than to Any Separate Details’: The Influence of John Ruskin’s Political Economy on Pierre de Coubertin,” Olympika, Vol. V (1996): pp. 25-44.
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四、網頁
1896年雅典奧運：
http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
2000年雪梨奧運：
http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=2000（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
2004年雅典奧運：
http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=2004（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
多佛奧運網頁：
http://www.olimpickgames.co.uk/（瀏覽日期：2006/9/26）
洛杉磯業餘體育基金會（amateur athletic foundation of Los Angeles, AAFLA）附設圖書館（AAF Sports Library）網頁：
http://www.aafla.org:8080/verity_templates/jsp/newsearch/search.jsp（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
國際特殊奧運會網頁（Special Olympics International）：
http://www.specialolympics.org/Special+Olympics+Public+Website/default.htm（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）。
國際殘奧委員會（International Paralympic Committee）網頁：
http://www.paralympic.org/release/Main_Sections_Menu/（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
溫洛克奧林匹亞協會（Wenlock Olympian Society）網頁：
http://www.wenlock-olympian-society.org.uk/index.php?pr=Home_Page（瀏覽日期：2006/10/08）
德瑞貝格慶典網頁：
http://www.industrielles-gartenreich.com/english/03_projekte/311_drehberg.htm（瀏覽日期：2006/9/25）
聽障奧林匹克運動會網頁（Deaflympics Games）：
http://www.deaflympics.com/（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03） |
| 描述: | 碩士
國立政治大學
歷史研究所
92153001
95 |
| 資料來源: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0921530011 |
| 数据类型: | thesis |
| 显示于类别: | [歷史學系] 學位論文
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| 53001101.pdf | | 38Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 878 | 检视/开启 | | 53001102.pdf | | 226Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 887 | 检视/开启 | | 53001103.pdf | | 183Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1232 | 检视/开启 | | 53001104.pdf | | 72Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 717 | 检视/开启 | | 53001105.pdf | | 694Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1483 | 检视/开启 | | 53001106.pdf | | 2174Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1103 | 检视/开启 | | 53001107.pdf | | 4760Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1180 | 检视/开启 | | 53001108.pdf | | 2939Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1053 | 检视/开启 | | 53001109.pdf | | 2490Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 871 | 检视/开启 | | 53001110.pdf | | 2562Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 958 | 检视/开启 | | 53001111.pdf | | 1006Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1063 | 检视/开启 | | 53001112.pdf | | 253Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 804 | 检视/开启 | | 53001113.pdf | | 246Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1289 | 检视/开启 |
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在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.
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