Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33381
|
| Title: | 漢語失語症病患的自我修補模式
Self-repair patterns of mandarin aphasics |
| Authors: | 廖儷雲
Liao, Li Yun |
| Contributors: | 萬依萍
廖儷雲
Liao, Li Yun |
| Keywords: | 自我修補
失語症
威尼克病患
布洛卡病患
self-repair
aphasia
Wernicke`s aphasic
Broca`s aphasic |
| Date: | 2007 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-17 16:26:07 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 失語症病患(aphasic patients)的研究對於語言的運作機制提供了一些訊息，讓我們能從不同的角度認識大腦的運作。本篇研究的目的在於探討失語症病患的自我修補表現(self-repair performance)，我們利用一套具有五大自我修補項目的分類系統分析病患的表現並將參與研究的四位失語症病人區分為流利型(fluent)以及非流利型(non-fluent)病患，之後再分別將四位病人與其治療師一對一的各別談話錄音、譯寫。在流利型的組別之中，我們收集了207個威尼克病患(Wernicke’s aphasics)的自我修補語料，而在非流利型組別當中，則收集了347個布洛卡病患(Broca’s aphasics)的自我修補語料。
結果顯示，威尼克病患與布洛卡病患在自我修補的整體表現基本上是相似的，也就是說，在這五大項目的自我修補模式中，他們使用每一項的頻率是沒有顯著差異的。因此，我們認為自我修補是一種溝通能力的表現，而這樣的能力並不會受到病人各自的語言缺陷所影響。然而，我們得知兩種類型的病患在自我修補的表現上，依然具有一些細微的不同。威尼克病患使用了較多的填補模式(the completion pattern)，這或許與他們較流暢的表達能力有關係，因為他們能較不費力的把尚未完整說出的詞彙補述完成。布洛卡病患則是使用了較多的取代模式(the substitution pattern)，這或許是因為他們的理解能力較好，幫助他們監控了自己說話裡頭的錯誤並進而修正。
此外，比較中文正常說話者與失語症病患的表現，我們發現每一種自我修補項目被使用的比率亦是相似的。這種情況或許提供了一種證明，表示我們在使用自我修補的模式上，都有一種共同的傾向(universal tendency)。
總結來說，在自我修補的表現上，影響失語症病患的三個可能因素是1、在語言處理過程中的複雜度。2、不同類型病人各自具有的語言缺陷。3、每一種自我修補模式所具有的實用性。
Studies of aphasic patients provide more information for understanding mechanisms of language processing, since we can know more details of the human brain from a different perspective. The purpose of this study is to investigate self-repair performance of aphasics. A classification system made up of five major categories was adopted to analyze their performance. We divided four patients into fluent and non-fluent groups and collected conversation recordings of these four therapist—patient dyads. In fluent group, 207 self-repairs were recognized in the conversation between therapists and Wernicke’s (fluent) patients. In the non-fluent group, 347 self-repairs were found in the conversation between therapists and Broca’s (non-fluent) patients.
Results indicated that the overall self-repair performance of Wernicke’s (fluent) and Broca’s (non-fluent) aphasics was similar. That is, the distribution frequency in the five categories was not significantly different. We therefore suggest that the self-repair performance is a communication-oriented ability, and it is not interfered by specific language deficits. However, there were still subtle differences between the two patient groups. We speculate that the relative higher percentage of the completion pattern in Wernicke’s (fluent) group is due to their rather fluent production ability, since they can fulfill an unfinished word without too much difficulty. On the other hand, Broca’s (non-fluent) patients used more of the substitution pattern. That is, they can detect the problems within their own speech and further correct them. This could be attributed to the self-monitoring ability brought by their better comprehension.
In addition, comparing with the studies of Mandarin normal speakers (Chui, 1996; Tseng, 2006), we found that the distribution frequency of each self-repair pattern in aphasic patients was similar with the distribution in normal speakers. This similarity might indicate a universal tendency of the self-repair use.
In sum, there are three possible factors affecting the self-repair performance of aphasics, they are the processing difficulty, the linguistic deficits of different patients, and the value of the repair pattern. |
| Reference: | References
Ahrens, K. (1994). Classifier production in normals and
aphasics. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 22, 202-247.
Bates, E., Chen, S., Tzeng, O., Li, P., & Opie, M. (1991).
The noun-verb problem in Chinese aphasia. Brain and
Language, 41, 203-233.
Benson, D. F., & Ardila, A. (1996). Aphasia: A clinical
perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
Blackmer, E. R., & Mitton, J. L. (1991). Theories of
monitoring and the timing of repairs in spontaneous
speech. Cognition, 39, 173-194.
Bock, J. K. (1982). Toward a cognitive psychology of
syntax: Information processing contributions to
sentence formulation. Psychological Review, 89, 1-47.
Bock, J. K. (1987). Exploring levels of processing in
sentence production. In G.Kempen (Ed.), Natural
language generation: New results in Artificial
Intelligence, psychology and linguistics (pp. 351-363).
Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.
Bremer, K., Broeder, P., Roberts, C., Simonot, M., &
Vasseur, M. (1987). Procedures used to achieve
understanding in a second language (Final report to the
Steering Committee of the European Science Foundation
Additional Activity‘Second Language Acquisition by
Adult Immigrants’). London: European ScienceFoundation.
Brinton, B., Fujiki, M., Loeb, D. F., & Winkler, E. (1986).
Development of conversational repair strategies in
response to requests for clarification. Journal of
Speech and Hearing Research, 29, 75-81.
Chen, C. S. (2005). A psycholinguistic study on aphasic
tone errors in Mandarin. M.A. Thesis. National Chengchi
University.
Chui, K. W. (1996). Repair in Chinese conversation. Text, 16
(3), 343-372.
Chui, K. W. (2001). Topic chain and grounding in Chinese
discourse. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
Conway, N. (1990). Repair in the conversation of two
dysphasics with members of their families. Unpublished
undergraduate dissertation. Department of Speech,
University of New Castle upon Tyne.
Cutler, A. (1983). Speakers’ conceptions of the function
of prosody. In A. Cutler & D. R. Ladd (Eds.), Prosody:
models and measurements. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Damasio, H. (1991). Neuroanatomical correlates of the
aphasias. In Martha Taylor Sarno (Ed.), Acquired
aphasia. (2nd ed., pp. 45-71). San Diego: Academic
Press.
Dell, G. S. (1986). A spreading activation theory of
retrieval in sentence production.Psychological Review,
93, 283-321.
Dell G. S. (1995). Speaking and misspeaking. In L. Gleitman
& M. Liberman (Eds.), An invitation to cognitive
science. Vol. 1: Language (2nd ed., pp. 183-208).
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
De Smedt, K., & Kempen, G. (1987). Incremental sentence
production,self-correction,and coordination. In G.
Kempen (Ed.), Natural language generation: recent
advances in artificial intelligence, psychology, and
linguistics. Dordrecht:Kluwer.
Dingwall, W. O. (1998). The biological bases of human
communicative behavior. In. G. B. Gleason & N. B.
Ratner (Ed.), Psycholinguistics (pp. 52-105).
California: Wadsworth.
Eng Huie, N. (1994). Dissolution of lexical tone in Chinese-
speaking aphasics. Ph.D. Dissertation. NY: City
University of New York.
Eng Huie, N., Obler, L., Harris, K., & Abramson, A.,(1996).
Tone perception deficits in Chinese-speaking Broca`s
aphasics. Aphasiology, 10, 649-656.
Farmer, A. (1977). Self-correctional strategies in the
conversational speech of aphasic and non-aphasic brain
damaged adults. Cortex, 13, 327-334.
Farmer, A., O’Connell, P. F., & O’Connell, E. J. (1978).
Sound error self-correction in the conversational
speech of nonfluent and fluent aphasics. Folia
Phoniatrica,30, 293-302.
Ferguson, A. (1992). Conversational repair of word-finding
difficulty. In M. Lemme(Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology:
Conference Proceedings, 11, (pp. 299-307). Austin,TX:
Pro-Ed.
Ferguson, A. (1994). The influence of aphasia, familiarity,
and activity on conversational repair. Aphasiology, 8
(2), 143-157.
Ferguson, A. (1998). Conversational turn-taking and repair
in fluent aphasia. Aphasiology, 12(11), 100-1031.
Fox, B., & Jasperson, R. (1995). A syntactic exploration of
repair in English conversation. In P. Davis (Ed.),
Alternative linguistics (pp. 77-134). Amsterdam:
Benjamins.
Fromkin, V. A. (1971).The nonanomalous nature of anomalous
utterances. Language,47, 27-52.
Gallagher, T. M. (1977). Revision behaviors in the speech
of normal children developing language. Journal of
speech and Hearing Research, 20, 303-318.
Gallagher, T. M. (1981). Contingent query sequences with
adult-child discourse. Journal of Child Language, 8, 51-
62.
Garrett, M. F. (1975). The analysis of sentence production.
In G. Bower (Ed.),Psychology of learning and
motivation; Vol. 9. New York: Academic Press.
Garrett, M. F. (1984). The organization of processing
structure for language production. In D. Caplan, A. R. Lecours & A. Smith (Eds.), Biological perspectives on
language (pp. 172-193). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Garrett, M. F. (1988). Process in language production. In
F. J. Newmeyer (Ed.), Linguistics: The Cambridge survey
III. Language: Psychological and biological aspects
(pp. 69-96). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Garvey, C. (1977). The contingent query: A dependent act in
conversation. In M. Lewis & L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.),
Interaction, conversation, and the
development of language (pp. 63-95). New York: Wiley.
Goodglass, H. (1968). Studies on the grammar of aphasics.
In S. Rosenberg & K.Joplin (Eds.), Development in
applied psycholinguistics research. New York: MacMillan.
Goodglass, H. (1976). Agrammatism. In H. Whitaker & H. A.
Whitaker (Eds.),Studies in neurolinguisitcs. Vol. 1.
New York: Academic Press.
Goodwin, C. (1995). Co-constructing meaning in conversations
with an aphasic man. Research on Language and Social
Interaction, 28(3), 233-260.
Helm, N. A., Butler, R. B., & Benson, D. F. (1978).
Acquired stuttering. Neurology,28, 1159-1165.
Holland, A. L. (1982). Observing functional communication
of aphasic adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing
Disorders, 47, 50-56.
Joanette, Y., Keller, E. & Lecours, A. R. (1980). Sequences
of phonemic approximations in aphasia. Brain and
Language, 11, 30-44.
Kempen, G. & Hoenkamp, E. (1987). An incremental procedure
grammar for sentence formulation. Cognitive Science,
11, 201-258.
Klippi, A. (1991). Conversational dynamic between aphasics.
Aphasiology, 5, 373-378.
Kolk, H. (1995). A time-based approach to agrammatic
production. Brain and Language, 50, 282-303.
Laakso, M. (2003). Collaborative construction of repair in
aphasic conversation: An interactive view on the
extended speaking turns of persons with Wernicke’s
aphasia. In. C. Goodwin (Ed.), Conversation and brain
damage (pp. 163-188). Oxford: University Press.
Laakso, M. & Klippi, A. (1999). A closer look at the ‘hint
and guess’ sequences in aphasic conversation.
Aphasiology, 13, 345-363.
Laver, J. D. M. (1973). The detection and correction of
slips of the tongue. In V. A. Fromkin (Ed.), Speech
errors as linguistic evidence (pp. 132-143). The
Hague:Mouton.
Laver, J. D. M. (1980). Monitoring systems in the
neurolinguistic control of speech production. In V. A.
Fromkin (Ed.), Errors in linguistic performance: Slips
of the tongue, ear, pen, and hand (pp. 287-305). New
York: Academic Press.
Lebrun, Y. (1987). Anosognosia in aphasics. Cortex, 23, 251-
263.
Lee, C. L. (2002). Processing of disyllabic compounds in
Chinese aphasia. M.A. Thesis. National Taiwan Normal
University.
Lee, C. L., Hung, D. L., Tse, J. K. P., Lee, C. Y., Tsai,
J. L., & Tzeng, O. J. L. (2005).Processing of
disyllabic compound words in Chinese aphasia: Evidence
for the processing limitations account. Brain and
Language, 92, 168-184.
Leiwo, M. & Klippi, A. (2000). Lexical repetition as a
communicative strategy in Broca’s aphasia.Aphasiology,
14(2), 203-224.
Lesser, R., & Milroy, L. (1993). Linguistics and aphasia:
Psycholinguistic and pragmatic aspects of intervention.
London: Longman.
Lesser, R., & Perkins, L (1999). Cognitive neuropsychology
and conversation analysis in aphasia: An introductory
casebook. London: Whurr Publishers.
Levelt, W. J. M. (1983). Monitoring and self-repair in
speech. Cognition, 14, 41-104.
Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to
articulation. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Liang, J., & van Heuven, V. J. (2004). Evidence for
separate tonal and segmental tiers in the lexical
specification of words: A case study of a brain-damaged
Chinese speaker. Brain and Language, 91(3), 282-293.
Linebaugh, C. W., Marguiles, C. P., & Mackisack, E. L.
(1985). Contingent queries and revisions used by
aphasic individuals and their most frequent
communication partners. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.),
Clinical Aphasiology:Conference Proceedings, 1985 (pp.
229-236). Minneapolis: BRK.
Liss, J. M. (1998). Error-revision in the spontaneous
speech of apraxic speakers.Brain and Language, 62, 342-
360.
Lubinski, R., Duchan, J., & Witzner-Lin, B. (1980).
Analysis of breakdown and repairs in aphasic adult
communication. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical
Aphasiology: Conference Proceedings, 1980 (pp. 111-
116). Minneapolis: BRK.
Lu, C. C., Bates, E., Li, P., Tzeng, O., Hung D., Tsai, C.
H., Lee, S. E., & Chung, Y. (2000). Judgment of
grammaticality in aphasia: The special case of Chinese.
Aphasiology, 14(10), 1021-1054.
Maher, L. M., Rothi, L. J. G., & Heilman, K. M. (1994).
Lack of error awareness in an aphasic patient with
relatively preserved auditory comprehension. Brain and
Language, 46, 402-418.
Marshall, J., Robson, J., Pring, T., & Chiat, S. (1998).
Why does monitoring fail in jargon aphasia?
Comprehension, judgment, and therapy evidence. Brain
and Language, 63, 79-109.
Marshall, R. C., Neuburger, S. A., & Phillips, D. S.
(1994). Verbal self-correction and improvement in
treated aphasic clients. Aphasiology, 8(6), 535-547.
Marshall, R. C., Rappaport, B. Z., & Garcia-Bunuel, L.
(1985). Self-monitoring behavior in a case of severe
auditory agnosia with aphasia. Brain and language,
24, 297-313.
Marshall, R. C., & Tompkins, C. A. (1982). Verbal self-
repair behaviors of fluent and non-fluent aphasic
subjects. Brain and Language, 15, 292-306.
Marshall, R. C., Tompkins, C. A., Rau, M. T., Golper, L.
A., & Lambrecht, K. J.(1980). Verbal self-corrections
of aphasic subjects for single word tasks. In R. H.
Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology (pp. 39-46).
Minneapolis: BRK.
Milroy, L., & Perkins, L. (1992). Repair strategies in
aphasic discourse: Towards a collaborative model.
Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 6(1), 27-40.
Myers, J. (2000). Rules vs. analogy in Mandarin classifier
selection. Language and Linguistics, 1(2), 187-209.
Naesear, M. A., & Chan, S. (1980). Case study of a Chinese
aphasic with the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Exam.
Neuropsychology, 18, 389-410.
Newhoff, M., Tonkovich, J. D., Schwartz, S. L., & Burgess,
E. K. (1982). Revision strategies in aphasia. In R. H.
Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology:
Conference Proceedings, 1982 (pp. 83-84). Minneapolis:
BRK.
Nickels, L., & Howard, D. (1995). Phonological errors in
aphasic naming:Comprehension, monitoring, and
lexicality. Cortex, 31, 209-237.
Nooteboom, S. (1980). Speaking and unspeaking: Detection
and correction of phonological and lexical errors in
spontaneous speech. In V. A. Fromkin (Ed.),Errors in
linguistic performance (pp. 87-95). New York: Academic
Press.
Obler, L. K., & Gjerlow, K. (1999). Language and the brain.
Cambridge: University Press.
Oelschlaeger, M. L. (1999). Participation of a
conversational partner in the word searches of a person
with aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language
Pathology, 8, 62-71.
Oelschlaeger, M. L., & Damico, J. S. (2003). Word searches
in aphasia: A study of the collaborative responses of
communicative partners. In. C. Goodwin (Ed.),
Conversation and brain damage (pp. 211-227). Oxford:
University Press.
Oomen, C. C. E., & Postma, A. (2001). Effects of increased
speech rate on monitoring and self-repair. Journal of
Psycholinguistic Research, 30, 163-184.
Oomen, C. C. E., Postma, A. & Kolk, H. H. J. (2001).
Prearticulatory and postarticulatory self-monitoring in
Broca’s aphasia. Cortex, 37, 627-641.
Orange, J. B., Lubinski, R. B., & Higginbotham, D. J.
(1996). Conversational repair by individuals with
dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Journal of Speech
and Hearing Research, 39, 881-895.
Packard, J. L. (1984). A linguistic investigation of tone
laterality in aphasic Chinese speakers. Ph.D.
Dissertation. Cornell: Cornell University.
Packard, J. L. (1986). Tone production deficits in
nonfluent aphasic Chinese speech. Brain and Language,
29, 212-223.
Packard, J. L. (1993). A linguistic investigation of
aphasic Chinese speech. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Perkins, L. (2003). Negotiating repair in aphasic
conversation: Interactional issues. In. C. Goodwin
(Ed.), Conversation and brain damage (pp. 147-162).
Oxford: University Press.
Postma, A., & Kolk, H. (1993). The covert repair
hypothesis: Prearticulatory repair process in normal
and stuttered disfluencies. Journal of Speech and
Hearing Research, 36, 472-487.
Prinz, P. M. (1980). A note on requesting strategies in
adult aphasics. Journal of Communication Disorders, 13,
65-73.
Rosenbek, J., Messert, B., Collins, M., & Wertz, R.T.
(1978). Stuttering following brain damage. Brain and
Language, 6, 82-96.
Rosenfield, D. B. (1984). Stuttering. CRC Critical Review
of Clinical Neurobiology, 1, 117-139.
Schegloff, E. A. (1992). Repair after next turn: The last
structurally provided defense of intersubjectivity in
conversation. American Journal of Sociology, 5, 1295-
1345.
Schegloff, E. A., Jefferson, G., & Sacks, H. (1977). The
preference for self-correction in the organization of
repair in conversation. Language, 53, 361-382.
Schienberg, S., & Holland, A. (1980). Conversational turn-
taking in Wernicke aphasia In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.),
Clinical Aphasiology: Conference Proceedings, 1980
Minneapolis: BRK
Schlenck, K. J., Huber, W., & Willmes, K.
(1987).“Prepairs” and repairs: Different
monitoring functions in aphasic language production.
Brain and Language, 30,226-244.
Shuren, J. E., Hammond, C. S., Maher, L. M., Rothi, L. J.
G., & Heilman, K. M. (1995). Attention and anosognosia:
The case of a jargonaphasic patient with
unawareness of language deficit. Neurology, 45, 376-
378.
Su, Y. C. (1991). An acoustic investigation on Chinese
aphasia. M.A. Thesis. National Tsing-Hua University.
Su, Y. C. (1993). A study of syntactic comprehension of a
Chinese agrammatic patient.Paper presented in the 2nd
International Conference on Chinese Linguistics,
Paris.
Su, Y. C. (1999). Asyntactic Thematic Role Assignment:
Implications from Chinese Aphasia. Paper presented in
the Annual Meeting of Linguistic Society of
America, Los Angeles.
Su, Y. C., Lee, S. E. Chung, Y. M. (2007). Asyntactic
thematic role assignment by Mandarin aphasics: A test
of the Trace Deletion Hypothesis and the Double
Dependency Hypothesis. Brain and Language, 101(1), 1-
18.
Tanner, D. C. (2003). The psychology of neurogenic
communication disorders: A primer for health care
professionals. Allyn & Bacon.
Tsai, P.-S., Hung, J., Chuang, W.-L., Hung, D. L., Tzeng,
O. J.-L., & Wu, D. H. (2007). Separate phonological
input and output codes in a patient with conduction
aphasia. The 12th International Conference on the
Processing of East Asia Related Languages, Tainan,
Taiwan.
Tseng, S. C. (2006). Repairs in Mandarin conversation.
Journal of Chinese Linguistics 34(1), 80-120.
Tye-Murray, N.(1991). Repair strategy usage by hearing-
impaired adults and changes following communication
therapy. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 34,
921-928.
Tzeng, J. L., Chen, S., & Hung, L. (1991). The classifier
problem in Chinese aphasia. Brain and Language, 41, 184-
202.
Ulatowska, H. K., Allard, L., Reyes, B. A., Ford J., &
Chapman, S. (1992). Short report: Conversational
discourse in aphasia. Aphasiology, 6(3), 325-331.
Van Borsel, J. (1997). Neurogenic stuttering: a review.
Journal of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, 7, 16-
33.
Van Borsel, J. & Taillieu, C. (2001). Neurogenic stuttering
versus developmental stuttering. An observer judgment
study. Journal of Communication Disorders,
34, 385-395.
Van Lier, L. (1988). The classroom and the language
learner: Ethnography and second-language classroom
research. London: Longman.
Van Wijk, C., & Kempen, G. (1987). A dual system for
producing self-repairs in spontaneou speech: Evidence
from experimentally elicited corrections. Cognitive
Psychology, 19, 403-440.
Wan, I. P. (2006). Tone errors in normal and aphasic speech
in Mandarin. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 4(2), 85-
112.
Wan, I. P. (2007). A phonological investigation in speech
errors and aphasic speech in Mandarin. Taipei: Crane
Publishing.
Watson, C. M., Chenery, H. J., & Carter, M. S. (1999). An
analysis of trouble and repair in the natural
conversations of people with dementia of the
Alzheimer`s type. Aphasiology, 13(3), 195-218.
Whitworth, A., Perkins, L., & Lesser, R. (1997).
Conversation analysis profile for people with aphasia
(CAPPA). London: Whurr.
World Health Organization. (1977). Manual of the
international statistical classification of diseases,
injuries, and causes of death. Vol. 1. Geneva: World
Health Organization.
Wu, D. H. (2005). Single word processing: Insights from
research on brain-damaged patients. Research in Applied
Psychology, 28, 119-140.
Wu, J. W. (1993). An investigation on the classifier from
the evidence of the Chinese aphasics. M.A. Thesis.
National Tsing-Hua University.
Xu, W. (1990). Approaching the mental lexicon from the
evidence of Chinese aphasia. M.A. Thesis. National
Tsing-Hua University. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
94555009
96 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094555009 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [語言學研究所] 學位論文
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
