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    Title: 論數位電視之收視率調查
    Authors: 江文軍
    Chiang , Wen-Chun
    Contributors: 鄭自隆
    江文軍
    Chiang , Wen-Chun
    Keywords: 收視率調查
    數位電視
    Date: 2004
    Issue Date: 2009-09-17 15:42:44 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 拜科技所賜,數位電視不再是一個夢幻名詞,而是一項正在發生的事情。數位電視的出現,絕對是傳播媒介的一大革命,因為電視將不再只是電視。當電視從類比發展到全數位化之時,整個媒體生態將產生巨變,影響的範疇包括:閱聽人的收視習慣、頻道的節目策略、收視率調查方法、政府相關法令以及廣告的新樣貌等。

    長久以來,收視率調查被視為是一個很重要的回饋機制,因此收視率數據牽動了電視公司、廣告主、製作單位龐大的利潤,也決定了節目播出的長短。從收視率調查方法的演進可以發現,收視率調查向來都是順應電視媒體環境下的產物。如果說電視發展的過程是自變項的話,那麼收視率調查方式就是應變項。因此電視數位化之後勢必會增加收視率調查的複雜性、困難度以及不可預測性。

    本研究主要在探討收視率調查的內涵在數位電視環境下會如何重新被定義。以及為了因應電視數位化,收視率調查公司在技術上做了哪些改良與發展。而收視率在廣告主、廣告代理商、媒體購買公司的電視媒體購買決策中所扮演的角色及重要性是否依舊?又,未來在收視率調查的執行上,除了既存的收視率調查公司之外,有沒有其他的新可能。

    由於台灣目前電視數位化程度還未臻成熟,收視率調查範圍也還未觸及數位電視收視那一塊,因此本研究藉由訪談無線電視台、收視率調查公司、媒體購買公司、廣告公司的專業經理人以及專家學者,勾勒出研究問題之全貌,並且有以下的發現:

    一、 收視率內涵將從狹義變成廣義
    二、 應發展出與各種新收視方式相對應的測量技術
    三、 收視率的重要性將隨數位化發展而逐漸遞減
    四、 ABR是執行收視率數據分析、處理的另一種可能機制
    Advance of science and technology has created an illusion of digital TV reality. The debut of the digital TV is absolutely a breakthrough in the mass media as it is not merely a TV anymore. When the analogue TV was advanced into a digital one, the whole media ecology transformed, affecting categories of audience watching habits, tactics of program channels, the methods of conducting TV ratings, the new phase of related laws, as well as the styles of the advertisement services.

    TV ratings, long been an important feedback mechanism, have resulted in affecting gigantic profits for TV companies, advertisers, and program producers, with the data offered, and hence in deciding the length of the programs. From the evolution of TV rating methods, we come to ascertain that TV rating poll has long been the direct outcome of conforming to the media environments. And, while TV development is self-variable, TV rating survey is responding variable. Consequently, the digitalization of TV system will result in the complication, difficulty, and unexpectedness of TV rating researches.

    This thesis focuses on exploring how the intension of TV ratings under the digital TV environment would be relocated; and to comply with the digitalization, how the poll agencies would manage to adjust; and whether the advertisement interested parties, the ad agents, media buying houses would play the same important roles in media buying policies. And furthermore, in conducting TV ratings in the future, if there are any other possibilities in addition to the existing poll agencies.

    As digitalization of TV system is not mature in Taiwan, the scope of poll has not extended to reach the area yet. This thesis, in which case, is outlined by means of interviewing professionals in terrestrial broadcasting companies, TV rating poll agencies, media buying houses, advertisement agencies, in addition to consulting scholars and experts. As a result, the findings fall as:

    1. The intension of TV ratings will shift from narrow to broad
    senses.

    2. Various corresponding measurement techniques should be
    devised.

    3. The importance of TV ratings will gradually be decreasing.

    4. ABR would be a possible mechanism to conduct data analysis
    and process.
    Reference: 一、中文部分
    王婷玉(1/1999):〈多頻道電子媒體環境裡的忠誠閱聽人—收視率調查新技術與重複收視率〉,《廣播與電視》,第十三期,頁32-40。
    台灣數位電視委員會(2003):《台灣無線數位電視產業白皮書》。
    戎撫天(9/2004):〈無線數位電視發展五大困境〉,《經濟日報》。
    李玟(1997):《電子媒體視聽率調查》。台北:廣電基金。
    林宜蓁(2003):《收視率於廣告主、廣告代理商、媒體購買公司的電視媒體購買策略應用之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
    林清修(3/2002):〈台灣電視數位化面面觀〉,《廣電人》,頁40-48。
    莫季雍(12/1999):〈今天不喝奶—閱聽眾分析與節目發展〉,《廣電人》,頁44-47。
    梁世斌、郭魯萍(2000):〈收視率調查與電視廣告的販售〉,《台灣的廣告發展》,台北:學富文化事業有線公司。
    覃逸萍(2000):《第九屆中華民國傑出新聞人員研究獎得獎人研習考察報告》,台北市:中華民國新聞評議委員會。
    黃葳威(1999):〈虛擬閱聽人?從回饋觀點分析台灣地區收視╱聽率調查的現況—以潤利、紅木、尼爾森台灣公司為例〉,《廣播與電視》,14期,頁25-61。
    黃葳威(2005):〈當頻道定位遇見收視率〉,發表於《有線暨衛星廣播電視產業營運議題》研討會。台北:國立政治大學廣播電視學系。
    張依雯(2000):《解構台灣地區電視經營生態與收視率之關連》,國立政治大學廣播與電視研究所碩士論文。
    蔡念中(2003):《數位寬頻傳播產業研究》,台北:揚智文化。
    蔡淑瑜(4/2003):〈收視率的三角習題〉,《媒體識讀教育月刊》,頁12-13。
    趙碧華、朱美貞譯,Allen Rubin, Earl Babbie 著(1995):《研究方法:社會工作暨人文科學領域的運用》。台北:雙業。
    劉世筠(07/1994):〈節目收視率等於廣告收視率?〉,《廣告雜誌》,頁42-49。
    劉美琪(1998):〈廣告媒體研究—問題與展望〉,《廣告學研究》,10集,頁143。
    劉幼琍(1997)《多頻道電視與觀眾:90年代的電視媒體與閱聽人收視行為研究》:台北:時英。頁42-49。
    劉建鳴等(2000):《收視率透視》,北京:中國廣播電視出版社。
    鄭明樁(2004):《換個姿勢看電視》,台北:揚智文化。
    鄭自隆(2005):〈電視數位化的思考與因應:日、韓經驗的借鏡〉,發表於《2005傳播管理「數位多媒體產業的製播與行銷」》研討會。台北:私立銘傳大學傳播學院。
    鄭自隆(2005):〈數位電視廣告管理〉,發表於《有線暨衛星廣播電視產業營運議題》研討會。台北:國立政治大學廣播電視學系。
    盧諭緯(7/2004):〈無線電視台搶灘數位電視-面臨四大難題〉,《數位時代雙週》。
    鍾起惠(2005):〈收視率與頻道授權費:一個電視民粹化的悖論〉,發表於《有線暨衛星廣播電視產業營運議題》研討會。台北:國立政治大學廣播電視學系。
    鍾倫納(1993):《應用社會科學研究法》,臺北:台灣商務印書館。
    魏宏展(2002):《收視質於媒體廣告企畫之應用探討》,國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。
    謝清豪(2005):〈數位電視時代廣告的美麗與哀愁—迎接數位時代,廣告主請準備〉,發表於《2005打造數位影視產業的新時代,數位媒體新科技理論與實務國際》研討會。台北:國立台灣藝術大學。
    謝經庸(2004):《數位電視中運動節目製播與發展之研究》,國立台灣師範大學圖文傳播學系碩士論文。
    二、英文書目
    Ang , I. (1991). Desperately Seeking the Audience. London : Ithaca Press.
    Assael, H., & Cannon, H. M. (1979). Do demographics help in media selection . Journal of Advertising Research, 19(6), 7-11.
    Barban, A. M., Cristol, S. M., & Kopec, F. J. (1993).
    Essentials of media planning (3rd ed.). Lincolnwood, Ill.: NTC Business Books.
     
    Bagdikian, B. H. (1992). Media Monopoly (4th ed.). MA: Beacon Press.
    Buzzard, K. (1997). Electronic media ratings: Turning audiences into dollars and sense.
     
    Cannon, H. M., (1984). The “Naïve” approach to demographic media selection .Journal of Advertising Research, 24(3), 21-25.
    Eastman, S. T., Head, S. W., & Klien, L., (1989) Broadcasting/Cable Programming-Strategies and Practices. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
    Garfinkle, N. (1963). A marketing approach to media selection. Journal of Advertising Research, 3(4), 7-15.
    Gensch, D. H., & Ranganathann, B, (1974). Evaluation of television program content for the purpose of promotional segmentation. Journal of Marketing Research, 11(4),390-398.
     
    Gitlin, T. (1983). Inside prime time. New York: Pantheon.Goldberg, M. R., & Gorn, G. J. (1987). Happy and sad TV programes: How they affect reaction to commercials. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 387-403.
    Michael Silbergleid(1999). Television Today: Business Opportunities For Digital Television. New York: United Entertainment Media PSN.
    McPhee, W. N. (1963). Formal theories of mass behavior. New York: Free Press.
     
    McQuail, D. (1997). Audience analysis. London: Sage.
     
    Murphy, J. H., Cunning, I. C. M., & Wilcox, G. B. (1979). The impact of programme environment on recall of humorous television commercials. Journal of Advertising, 8(2), 17-21.
    Picard , Robert G. (1989). Media Economics. 1st. ed., Newbury Park CA:Sage.
    Roberts, E. J. (1984). Program appeal and program impact: A new approach to qualitative ratings. Research working paper. Graduate School of Business, Columbia University.
     
    Rothschild, M. L. (1987). Advertising: From fundamentals to strategies (1st ed.). US, D. C.: Health and Company.Sandage , C. H., Fryburer, V. & Rotzoll, K.(1989). Advertising. New York Pitman Publishing Inc.
     
    Stavitsky, A. G. (1998). Counting the house in public television: A history ofratings use, 1953-1980. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(4), 520-534.
    Shimp, T. A. (1997). Advertising, promotion, and supplemental aspects of integrated marketing communication (4th ed.). US: The Dryden Press.
    Shimp, T. A. (1997). Advertising, promotion, and supplemental aspects of integrated marketing communication(4th ed.). US: The Dryden Press.
     
    Sissors, J. Z. (1971). Matching media with markets. Journal of advertising Research, 11(5), 39-45.
    Smith, W. R. (1956). Product differentiation and segmentation as alternative marketing strategies. Journal of Marketing, 21(1), 3-8.
    Sonia Yuspeh and Garth Hallberg(1983). J. Walter Thompson - the radical potential of cable advertising - Jar, August/September, 1983. Newsweek Media Research.
    Surmanek, J. (1993). Introduction to advertising media: Research , planning, and buying. Lincolnwood, Ill.: NTC Business Books.
    Webster, J. G., & Lichty, L. W. (1991). Rating Analysis: Theory and Practice. Hillsdale , New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
    Wells, W., J. Burnett & S. Moriarty(1989), Advertising:Principles and Practice, 3rd ed., International Editions, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
    Wober, J.M. (1988). The use and abuse of television: A social psychological analysis of the changing scene. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    三、網路部分
    Andrew Orlowsli(2004). Gates: PC will replace TV, TV will become a giant Google.
    http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/10/20/gates_interactive_tv_obsession/
    Bradley Johnson(2003). Rating TV`s Future.
    http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go1545/is_200312/ai_n6649755
    Burt Helm(2004).Why TV Will Never Be the Same?
    http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/nov2004/tc20041123_3292_tc184.htm
    Craig Birkmaier(2001). Defining Interactive Television.
    http://www.digitaltelevision.com/business/business0302.shtml
    Craig Birkmaier(1998).The Future of Digital Television.
    http://www.digitaltelevision.com/future/index.shtml
    Digital Television(2005). The World is Changing. It’s Going Digital.
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    Fachhochschule Nürtingen(2004). For digital TV advertising, the future is now.
    http://uni-protokolle.de/nachrichten/id/91631/
    Fred Locklear(2004). DVRs Poised to Change Advertising Culture.
    http://arstechnica.com/news/posts/1083062339.html
    Michael Silbergleid(1999). Business Opportunities For Digital Television.
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    Nielsen Media Research . What TV Ratings Really Mean ?
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    Peter Edwards(2005). How do you build a brand at a time when the digital TV revolution is transforming viewing habits?
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    公共電視台研究發展部(1998)。從公視看廣播電視數位化。
    http://www.pts.org.tw/~rnd/p1/981204.htm
    林芬卉(2005)。數位有線電視在台發展的機會與威脅:互動加值服務將成為吸引消費者的利基所在。
    http://www.digitimes.com.tw/n/article.asp?id=847C6AA30DEABBA348256FC100438AEA
    洪永泰(2005)。收視率的意義。
    http://www.broadcasters.com.tw/
    黃彥達(2003)。寬頻,到底意味著什麼?
    http://www.digitalwall.com/scripts/display.asp?UID=207
    傅尚裕(2000)。迎接數位電視的大革命。
    http://www.lmcf.org.tw/htm_f/tecno/tecno3.htm
    彭玉賢(2003)。DVR帶來的爭議與挑戰。
    http://www.pts.org.tw/~rnd/p9/2003/030721.htm
    彭玉賢(2002)。數位電視將改變閱聽人觀看電視的模式─個人影音紀錄器PVR的影響。
    http://www.pts.org.tw/~rnd/p9/2003/030715.htm
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    廣播電視學研究所
    92453019
    93
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0924530191
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[廣播電視學系] 學位論文

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