政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/32552
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113648/144635 (79%)
造访人次 : 51616920      在线人数 : 552
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧：
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据
    •  进阶搜寻
    政大機構典藏 > 理學院 > 心理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/32552


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32552


    题名: 外顯內隱自尊的落差現象與自我設限
    Discrepancies between explicit and implicit self esteem: Implication on self handicapping
    作者: 張玉萍
    Chang, Yu Pin
    贡献者: 李美枝
    Li, Mei Chi
    張玉萍
    Chang, Yu Pin
    关键词: 外顯自尊
    內隱自尊
    IAT
    落差現象
    自我設限
    非口語焦慮行為
    explicit self esteem
    implicit self esteem
    IAT
    discrepancy
    self-handicapping
    non-verbal behavior
    日期: 2007
    上传时间: 2009-09-17 13:23:56 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 自我設限是指人們因為害怕失敗帶來傷害，或想要在成功時更顯得自己特別優異的方法。本研究主要探討不同類型自尊者使用不同自我設限行為的狀況。受試者接收數學能力的正向評價回饋後，即接受壓力或練習效果對測驗表現是否有影響的操弄指導語，在4組(策略暗示：宣稱、行為、宣稱與行為，控制組)實驗設計中，研究者測量所有受試者的宣稱策略使用程度、練習時間與練習題數，研究進行中亦錄影其非口語焦慮行為。研究結果有六大發現：(1)內隱自尊與外顯自尊無關，表示它們是不同的構念；(2)情境對宣稱式自我設限有主要效果：接受宣稱式自我設限會影響表現訊息的人，他們的宣稱策略使用程度明顯比無接受訊息者來得高；(3)外顯自尊與情境對行為式自我設限有交互作用效果：當暗示其練習效果會影響表現時，高外顯自尊者比低外顯自尊者有較少的練習行為，會比較容易有行為式自我設限的表現出現；(4)內隱自尊對宣稱式自我設限亦有主要效果：低內隱自尊者比高內隱自者會比較傾向使用宣稱性自我設限，容易表達出他注意力不集中、有壓力等口語訊息；(5)外顯與內隱自尊對宣稱式自我設限有交互作用效果：高外顯/低內隱自尊者(威脅性自尊者)比高外顯/高內隱自尊者（安全性自尊者）容易使用宣稱式的自我設限策略；(6) 外顯與內隱自尊對非口語焦慮行為頻率有交互作用效果：高外顯/低內隱自尊者(威脅性自尊者)比高外顯/高內隱自尊者(安全性自尊者)表現出更多的不安、緊張等臉部與行為的表情。研究中亦嘗試討論情境、內隱自尊、外顯自尊對宣稱式自我設限的三因子交互作用，與兩類自尊各自在不同情境中的主要效果。
    參考文獻: 邱蜀娟 (2005)。性別刻板印象威脅與自我設限。國立政治大學。未出版之碩士論文。
    陳皎眉、王叢桂、孫蒨如 (2006)。社會心理學。台北。雙葉出版社。
    陳思宜 (2006)。華人的自我評價：內隱與外顯測量的證據。國立中正大學未出版之碩士論文。
    陳學志、李威震、周泰安、卓淑玲 (2002)。以內隱聯結測驗(IAT)測量國人自尊的可行性研究。中國測驗學會測驗年刊，49輯，2期，217-234頁。
    余思賢、孫蒨如 (2004)。「華人的內隱自尊」。本土心理學研究，22期，329-357。
    Aidman, E. V. (1999). Measuring individual differences in implicit self-concept: Initial validation of the Self-Apperception Test. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol 27 (2) Aug 1999, 211-228.
    Anderson, N. H. (1974). Cognitive algebra: Integration theory applied to social attribution. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 1-101). New York: Academic Press.
    Arkin, R. M. & Baumgardner, A. H. (1985) Self-handicapping. In J. H. Harvey & G. W. Weary(Eds.), Attribution: Basic issues and applications. (pp. 169-202). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    Bargh, J. A. & Ferguson, M. J. (2000). Beyond behaviorism: On the automaticity of higher mental processes. Psychological Bulletin, Vol 126(6), Nov 2000. Special issue: Psychology in the 21st Century. pp. 925-945.
    Baumeister, R. F. & Cairns, K. J.(1992). Repression and self-presentation: When audiences interfere with self-deceptive strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 62(5), May 1992. pp. 851-862.
    Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). The relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5–33.
    Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Hutton, D. G. (1989). Self-presentational motivations and personality differences in self-esteem. Journal of Personality, 57(3), 547-579.
    Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F., & Tice, D. M. (1993). When ego threats lead to self-regulation failure: Negative consequences of high self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 141–156.
    Beck, B. L., Koons, S. R., & Milgrim, D. L. (2000). Correlates and consequences of behavioral procrastination: The effects of academic procrastination, self-consciousness, self-esteem and self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 3-13.
    Berglas, S. & Jones, E. E. (1978). Drug choice as a self-handicapping strategy in response to noncontingent success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36 (4), 405-417.
    Blaine, B., & Crocker, J. (1993). Self-esteem and self-serving biases in reaction to positive and negative events: An integrative review. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard (pp. 55–85). New York: Plenum Press.
    Bosson, J. K., Brown, R. P., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Swann, W. B. , Jr. (2003). Selfenhancement tendencies among people with high explicit self-esteem: The moderating role of implicit self-esteem. Self and Identity, 2, 169–187.
    Bosson, J. K., Swann, W. B., Jr., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2000). Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 631–643.
    Brown, J. D. (1993). Self-esteem and self-evaluation: Feeling is believing. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 4, pp. 27–58). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    Brown, R. P., & Bosson, J. K. (2001). Narcissus meets Sisyphus: Self-love, selfloathing, and the never-ending pursuit of self-worth. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 210–213.
    Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1995). Human agency: The basis for true self-esteem. In M. H. Kernis (Ed.), Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem (pp. 31–50). New York: Plenum Press.
    DeHart, T. & Pelham B. W. (2007). Fluctuations in state implicit self-esteem in response to daily negative events. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Volume 43, Issue 1, January 2007, Pages 157-165
    Devine, D. J. Clayton, L. D. Dunford, B. B. Seying, R. & Pryce, J. Jury decision making: 45 years of empirical research on deliberating groups. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, Vol 7(3), Sep 2001. pp. 622-727.,
    Dijksterhuis, A. (2004). I like myself but I don’t know why: Enhancing implicit self-esteem by subliminal evaluative conditioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 345–355.
    Epstein, S. (1983). The unconscious, the preconscious, and the self-concept. In J. Suls & A. Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 2, pp. 220–247). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    Epstein, S., Morling, B. (1995). Is the self motivated to do more than enhance and/or verify itself? In: Kernis H M. (Ed.).Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem. New York:Press.
    Farnham S. D., Greenwald, A. D. & Banaji, M. R. (1999). From implicit self-esteem to in-group favoritism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
    Fazio, R. H. & Hermann, A. D. (2006). Reporting Tendencies Underlie Discrepancies Between Implicit and Explicit Measures of Self-Esteem. Psychological Science. In press.
    Fazio, R. H., & Olson, M. A. (2003). Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and uses. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 297–327.
    Feick, D. L. & Rhodewalt, F. (1997). The double-edged sword of self-handicapping: discounting, augmentation, and the protection and enhancement of self-esteem. Motivation and Emotion, 21 (2), 147-163.
    Greenwald, A. G,; Banaji, M. R. (1995)Implicit Social Cognition. Attitudes, Self-Esteem and Stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102 (1): 4~27.
    Greenwald, A. G.,; McGhee, E., & Schwartz JL K. (1998). Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5): 181~198.
    Greenwald, A. G., ; Farnham, S. D. (2000). Using the Implicit Association Test to Measure Self-Esteem and Self-Concept. Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 79(6):1022～1038.
    Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., et al. (2002). A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. Psychological Review, 2002, 109: 3-25.
    Has, R. G., Katz, I., Rizzo, N., Bailey, J. & Moore, L.(1992). When Racial Ambivalence Evokes Negative Affect, Using a Disguised Measure of Mood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 6, 786-797
    Heatherton, T. F. & Vohs, K. D. (2000). Interpersonal evaluations 82 following threats to self: Role of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 725-736.
    Hetts, J. J.; Sakuma, M. ;Pelham, B. W. (1999). Two roads to positive regard: Implicit and explicit self-evaluation and culture. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 35(6) Nov 1999, 512-559.
    Hetts, J. J., & Pelham, B. W. (2001). A case for the nonconscious self-concept. In Moskowitz, Gordon B. (Ed). Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton Symposium on the Legacy and Future of Social Cognition. (pp.105-123). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.
    Higgins, R. L., & Harris, R. N. (1988). Strategic alcohol use: Drinking to self- handicap. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6 (2), 191-202
    Hill, V. Z. (2006). Discrepancies Between Implicit and Explicit Self-Esteem: Implications for Narcissism and Self-Esteem Instability. Journal of Personality 74(1).
    Hirt, E. R., Deppe, R. K., & Gordon, L. J. (1991). Self-reported versus behavioral self-handicapping: Empirical evidence for a theoretical distinction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(6), 981-991.
    Hofmann, W., Gawronski, B., Gschwendner, T., Le, H., & Schmitt, M. (2005). A meta-analysis on the correlation between the Implicit Association Test and explicit self-report measures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1369-1385.
    Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and human growth: The struggle toward self-realization. New York: Norton.
    Jones, J. T., Pelham, B. W., Mirenberg, M. C., & Hetts, J. J. (2002). Name-letter preferences are not merely mere exposure: Implicit egotism as self-regulation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 170–177.
    Jordan, C. H., Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., Hoshino-Browne, E., & Correll, J. (2003). Secure and defensive high self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 969–978.
    Kass, J. (2002). The relationship of self-handicapping and self-esteem, to the symptom reporting behavior of primary care patients. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 63 (6-B), 2995.
    Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 1–26.
    Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A. J., & Harlow, T. (1993). There’s more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190–1204.
    Kernis, M. H., Grannemann, B. D., & Barclay, L. C. (1989). Stability of selfesteem: Assessment, correlates, and excuse making. Journal of Personality, 60,621–644.
    Kernis, M. H., Grannemann, B. D., & Mathis, L. C. (1991). Stability of selfesteem as a moderator of the relation between level of self-esteem and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 80–84.
    Kernis, M. H., & Paradise, A. W. (2002). Distinguishing between fragile and secure forms of high self-esteem. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Self-determination: Theoretical issues and practical applications. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
    Kolditz, T. A.; Arkin, R. M. (1982). An impression management interpretation of the self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3), 492-502.
    Leary, M. R. & Shepperd, J. A. (1986). Behavioral self-handicaps versus self-reported handicaps: A conceptual note. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1265-1268.
    Martin, K. A. & Brawley, L. R. (2002). Self-handicapping in physical achievement settings: The contributions of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Self and Identity, 1(4), 337-351.
    Mayerson NH. & Rhodewalt F. (1988). The role of self-protective attributions in the experience of pain. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6(2), 203.
    Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177–196.
    Nosek, B. A, & Smyth, F. L. (2007). A Multitrait-Multimethod Validation of the Implicit Association Test: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Are Related but Distinct Constructs. Experimental Psychology, Vol 54(1), 2007. pp. 14-29.
    Nosek, B. A., ＆ Banaji, M. R. (2001). The Go/No-Go association task. Social Cognition, 19, 625-664.
    Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review (Pp. 265–292). In J. A. Bargh (Ed.), Automatic processes in social thinking and behavior. Psychology Press.
    Olson, M. A.; Fazio, R. H.; Hermann, A. D., (2006) Reporting Tendencies Underlie Discrepancies Between Implicit and Explicit . Psychological Science. In press.
    Pelham, B. W., & Hetts, J. J. (1999). Implicit and explicit personal and social identity: Toward a more complete understanding of the social self. In T. Tyler & R. Kramer (Eds.), The psychology of the social self (pp. 115–143). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    Prapavessis, H. & Grove, J. (1998). Self-handicapping and self-esteem. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10 (2), 175-184.
    Pyszczynski, Tom; Holt, Kathleen; Greenberg, Jeff. Depression, self-focused attention, and expectancies for positive and negative future life events for self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 52(5), May 1987. pp. 994-1001.
    Rhodewalt, F., Tragakis, M., & Finnerty, J. (2006). Narcissism and self-handicapping: Linking self-aggrandizement to behavior. Journal of Research in Personality.
    Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 151–161.
    Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen. A., Kaistaniemi, L.,& Lagerspetz, K. M. J.(1999). Self-Evaluated Self-Esteem, Peer-Evaluated Self-Esteem, and Defensive Egotism as Predictors of Adolescents’ Participation in Bullying Situations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 10, 1268-1278 (1999)
    Schimmack, U., & Diener, E. (2003). Predictive validity of explicit and implicit self-esteem for subjective well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 100–106.
    Schmukle, S. C. & Egloff, B.(2004). Does the Implicit Association Test for assessing anxiety measure state and trait variance. European Journal of Personality.Vol 18, 483.
    Schneider, D. J., & Turkat, D. (1975). Self-presentation following success or failure: Defensive self-esteem models. Journal of Personality, 43, 127–135.
    Schröder-Abé, M., Rudolph, A., Wiesner, A. & Schütz A.(2007). Self-esteem discrepancies and defensive reactions to social feedback. International Journal of Psychology, Volume 42, Issue 3 June 2007 , pages 174 - 183
    Shepperd, J. A & Arkin, R. M. (1989). Self-handicapping: The moderating roles of public self-consciousness and task importance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15 (2), 252-265.
    Shimizu, M., & Pelham, B. W. (2004). The unconscious cost of good fortune: Implicit and explicit self-esteem, positive life events, and health. Health Psychology, 23, 101–105.
    Snyder, C. R. & Smith, T. W. (1982). Symptoms as self-handicapping strategies: The virtues of old wine in a new bottle. In G. Weary & H. L. Mirels(Eds.), Integrations of clinical and social psychology(pp. 104-127). New York: Oxford University Press.
    Smith, T. W., Snyder, C. R., & Handelsman, M. M. (1982). On the self-serving function of an academic wooden leg: Test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42 (2), 314-321.
    Spalding, LR & Harding, CD (1999). Unconscious unease and self-handicapping: Behavioral. consequences of individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem. Psychological Science, 10, 535-539.
    Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz, (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 21: Social psychological studies of the self: Perspectives and programs. (pp. 261-302). Academic Press.
    Swanson, J. E., Rudman, L. A., & Greenwald, A. G. (2001). Using the Implicit Association Test to investigate attitude-behaviour consistency for stigmatised behaviour. Cognition & Emotion, 15, 207-230.
    Tesser, A. & Cornell, D. P. (1991). On the confluence of self processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 27(6) Nov 1991, 501-526.
    Tice, D. M. & Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Self-esteem, self-handicapping, and self-presentation: The strategy of inadequate practice. Journal of Personality, 58 (2), 443-464.
    Tennen, H., & Affleck, G. (1993). The puzzles of self-esteem: A clinical perspective. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard (pp. 241–262). New York: Plenum Press.
    Thompson, M. M. & Zanna, M. P.(1995). The Conflicted Individual: Personality-Based and Domain Specific Antecedents of Ambivalent Social Attitudes. Journal of Personality. Volume 63 Issue 2 Page 259-288
    Verkuyten, M. (1996). Personal self-esteem and prejudice among ethnic majority and minority youth. Journal of Research in Personality, 30, 248–263.
    Verkuyten, M., & Masson, K. (1995). New racism,’’ self-esteem, and ethnic relations among minority and majority youth in the Netherlands. Social Behavior and Personality, 23, 137–154.
    Vohs, K. D., & Heatherton, T.F. (2001). Self-esteem and threats to self: Implications for self-construals and interpersonal perceptions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1103-1118.
    WegnerD M, Bargh J A1998 Control and automaticity in social life. In: Gilbert D T, Fiske S T, Lindzey G (eds.) Handbook of Social Psychology, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, Boston, Vol. 1, pp. 446±96
    Wilson, T. D., Hodges, S. D. & LaFleur, S. J. (1995). Effects of introspecting about reasons: Inferring attitudes from accessible thoughts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 16-28.
    Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review, 107, 101–126.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    93752007
    96
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0937520071
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[心理學系] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 描述 大小格式浏览次数
    007101.pdf43KbAdobe PDF21068检视/开启
    007102.pdf64KbAdobe PDF22347检视/开启
    007103.pdf89KbAdobe PDF2971检视/开启
    007104.pdf265KbAdobe PDF24028检视/开启
    007105.pdf302KbAdobe PDF23135检视/开启
    007106.pdf493KbAdobe PDF21178检视/开启
    007107.pdf160KbAdobe PDF21468检视/开启
    007108.pdf80KbAdobe PDF21292检视/开启
    007109.pdf487KbAdobe PDF21254检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈