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    Title: 「道德臉面」威脅對選擇求助對象及考量因素的影響
    Authors: 韓貴香
    Han, Kuei-Hsiang
    Contributors: 李美枝
    Li, Mei-Chih
    韓貴香
    Han, Kuei-Hsiang
    Keywords: 請託
    道德臉面
    恥感文化
    社會心理均衡
    選擇求助對象
    favor-request
    moral face
    shame culture
    psychosocial-homeostasis
    helper-seeking
    Date: 2005
    Issue Date: 2009-09-17 13:17:00 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本研究採情境實驗法，探討具有「道德臉面」威脅的請託情境，如何影響個人選擇不同的求助對象。研究一操弄請託情境為「有關」vs.「無關」道德臉面的威脅。結果發現：在「無關」道德臉面威脅的情境，絕大多數的問卷填答者，選擇向情感性關係的家人求助，這時個人決定找家人幫忙的主要考量，是希望獲得「較好的協助」；反之，在「有關」道德臉面威脅的情境下，絕大多數的問卷填答者，選擇向工具性關係的陌生人求助，而此時個人主要的考量，是為了「維護面子」。不過，在「有關」道德臉面威脅的請託情境，又無陌生人可以求助的情況，問卷填答者選擇向家人或朋友求助的人數，並沒有顯著的差異。
    研究二操弄威脅「道德臉面」的請託情境，事件當事人和請託者之間不同的自我關聯程度（自己vs. 家人vs. 朋友），以及此失面子事件的發生，是否有一可被接受或同情的「合理藉口」。研究發現：當「自己」就是事件當事人，且沒有合理藉口時，問卷填答者傾向選擇工具性關係的陌生人求助。反之，如果事件的發生有一可解釋的外在理由，則問卷填答者選擇向陌生人和朋友求助的人數沒有顯著差異。當事件當事人是「家人」且沒有合理藉口時，填答者同樣會選擇向陌生人求助。不過，當「家人」有可被同情的藉口時，則絕大多數的填答者，選擇向朋友求助。在當事人是「朋友」的情境，則不管事件發生的理由為何，大多數的問卷填答者，均選擇向混合性關係的其他朋友求助。與研究一相同的是問卷填答者在選擇向「朋友」求助時，考量的因素是希望能獲得「較好的協助」，反之，當其選擇向「陌生人」求助時，考量的因素則是希望能「維護面子」。
    研究三則設計在威脅個人「道德臉面」的請託情境中，有一些可以讓事件當事人覺得不會沒面子的可幫助熟識者（同事）。並操弄讓當事人感到「沒面子」程度不同的求助對象選擇（同事vs.陌生人vs.家人vs.朋友）。研究發現：當有不會讓當事人覺得沒面子的對象存在時，問卷填答者多優先選擇向此對象（同事）求助。只有在沒有此對象可以選擇的情況下，填答者才會退而求其次地選擇向「陌生人」求助，在連陌生人也無法選擇的情況下，問卷填答者選擇向家人或朋友求助的人數則沒有顯著差異。分析研究的資料則發現，影響問卷填答者分別選擇向「同事」、「陌生人」、「家人」或「朋友」求助的主要因素，是因為相對而言，在該不同求助對象的選擇下，問卷填答者對該對象比較不會覺得「沒面子」。
    整體而言，在威脅「道德臉面」的請託情境中，最能預測問卷填答者，選擇哪一種關係對象求助的預測變項，是其「沒面子」的感受，而非西方個人主義文化中強調的「自尊」。同時，當個人因覺得「沒面子」而選擇向陌生人求助時，其考量的主要因素是希望能「維護面子」。換言之，在會威脅自己面子的情況下，是否能獲得對方「比較好的協助」，則不是那麼重要。
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    Description: 博士
    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    89752501
    94
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0897525011
    Data Type: thesis
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