Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32048
|
| Title: | 說中文的幼童指涉詞的語用用法 |
| Authors: | 謝雅婷
Hsieh, Ya-Ting |
| Contributors: | 黃瓊之
Huang, Chiung-Chih
謝雅婷
Hsieh, Ya-Ting |
| Keywords: | 指涉詞
語用
幼童
中文
reference
pragmatic
speech interchange
speech act
child |
| Date: | 2004 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-14 13:00:07 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 剛出生前幾年，幼兒已逐漸能理解並談論自己和別人的不同。然而，真正習得用來指涉自己和別人的指涉詞不是那麼容易，因為至少得先理解角色轉換概念和說話者當時的說話目的為何。因此，在幼兒學會用大人模式指涉自己和別人前，他們會先有自己一套獨特的語言使用模式。本研究的目的在於探討一位以中文為母語的小孩如何用指涉詞表達自己的語用動機。研究對象是一對中階家庭的母女。語料來自於受試親子在家互動的語言。研究結果顯示幼兒特別容易會用指涉詞表達的語用功能種類不多。在語段層次，幼兒初期較會在和母親協調當下要做的事時，以及在和母親討論故事中虛幻世界時指涉自己；後期則除了在和母親協調當下要做的事時較會指涉自己外，在和母親協調未來要做的事、討論和現在或非現在相關的事時也較會指涉自己。另外，幼兒比較會指涉別人時，則是當她想要轉移母親焦點，或是在和母親討論兩人當下共同注視的目標、故事中虛幻世界、和現在相關的事、或是非現在發生的事時。在語句層次，幼兒則是當她在表達願望、要求母親為她做事、陳述個人想法、陳述她想要執行某動作的目的時較會指涉自己。較會指涉別人時則是當她在吸引母親注意、要求母親為她做事、陳述個人想法、和回答Wh-問句時。整體比較來看，母親特別會用指涉詞表達的語用功能種類比幼兒來得多元化。
During the first years of life, children come to realize and talk about themselves distinct from others. However, acquisition of self- and other-reference forms is not always so easy because it presupposes at least a grasp of shifting roles, together with concept of the speaker’s communicative intents. Before children match adult-like usages of reference, they temporarily formulate their own linkages between language forms and functions. This paper examined how a Chinese young child formulated her pragmatic moves through self- and other-reference forms. One mother-child dyad from middle socioeconomic class were asked to do what they normally did at home. Results show that only a small set of communicative intents provided the particularly fertile contexts for the child’s self- and other-reference. In the speech interchange tier, the child earlier tended to refer to self in Negotiating the immediate activity(NIA) and Discussing the fantasy world(DFW), but later in Negotiating both the immediate and future activity(NIA, NFA),and Discussing the related-to-present(DRP) and the non-present(DNP). She tended to refer to other in Directing hearer’s attention(DHA), Discussing the joint focus of attention(DJF), the fantasy world(DFW), the related-to-present(DRP), and the non-present(DNP). In the speech act tier, the child tended to refer to self to Express a wish (WS), Request / Propose action for hearer(RS), State a proposition(ST), and State intent to carry out act by speaker(SI). She tended to refer to other to Call the hearer’s attention(CL), Request / Propose action for hearer(RS), State a proposition(ST) and Answer a wh-question by a statement(SA). In contrast, the contexts where the mother referred to self and other were more diversified than those where the child referred to self and other. |
| Reference: | 許政援、閔瑞芳 [Xu, Z-Y. & Min, R-F.]. (1992). 漢語兒童人稱代名
詞的獲得. 心理學報V24(4): 337-45. 中國心理學會.
莊慧君 [Zhang, H-J.]. (1994). 學前兒童對人稱代名詞的理解與運用. 國立臺大心理學研究所碩士論文.
戴群家 [Dai, Q-J.]. (1985). 中國兒童單數人稱代名詞的發展研究. 輔大語言學研究所碩士論文.
Anderson, E. S. (1986). The acquisition of register variation by Anglo-American children. In B. B. Schieffelin & E. Ochs (Eds.), Language socialization across cultures (pp.153-61). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Austin, J. (1962). How to do things with words. New York: Oxford University Press.
Austin, J., Blume, M., Lust, B., Nunez del Prado, Z., Parkinson, D., & Proman, R. (1995). Current challenges to the parameter-setting paradigm: The pro-drop parameter. Paper presented at the Groningen Assembly on Language Acquisition, September, 1995.
Bamberg, M., Budwig, N., & Kaplan, B. (1991). A developmental approach to language acquisition: Two case studies. First Language 11, 121-41.
Bates, E. (1990). Language about me and you: Pronominal reference and the emerging concept of self. In E. Cicchetti & M. Beeghly (Eds.), Self in transition:
Infancy to childhood. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Biq, Yung-O. (1991). The multiple uses of the second person singular pronoun Ni in conversational Mandarin. Journal of Pragmatics 16, 307-21.
Bloom, L. (1970). Language development: Form and function in emerging grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1983). Child’s talk. New York: Norton.
Budwig, N. (1989). The linguistic marking of agentivity and control in child language. Journal of Child Language 16, 263-84.
Budwig, N. (1990). A functional approach to the acquisition of personal pronouns. In G. Conti-Ramsden & C. Snow (Eds.), Children’s language: Vol. 7. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Budwig, N. (1991). Introduction. First Language 11, 1-5.
Budwig, N. (1995). A developmental-functionalist approach to child language. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bugwig, N. & Wiley, A. (1995). Maternal input and children’s special use of pronominal forms. Unpublished manuscript.
Chapman, R. S. (1981a). Exploring children’s communicative intents. In J. Miller (Ed.), Assessing language production in children: Experimental procedures (pp. 11-136). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Charney, R. (1980). Speech roles and the development of personal pronouns. Journal of Child Language 7, 509-28.
Clark, E. V. (1978). From gesture to word: On the natural history of deixis in language acquisition. In J. S. Bruner & A. Garton (Eds.), Human growth and development: Wolfson college lectures (pp. 85-121). Oxford University Press.
Clark, E. V. (2003). First language acquisition. Cambridge University Press.
Coggins, T., Olswang, L., & Guthrie, J. (1987). Assessing communicative intents in young children: Low structured observation or elicitation tasks? Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 52, 44-49.
Dale, P. S. & Crain-Thoreson, C. (1993). Pronoun reversals: Who, when, and why? Journal of Child Language 20, 573-89.
Fenson, L., Dale, P. S., Reznick, J. S., Bates, E., Thal, D., & Pethick, S. (1994). Variability in early communicative development. Monographs of the society for research in child development, no. 242.
Girouard, P. C., Ricard, M., & G. Decarie, T. (1997). The acquisition of personal pronouns in French-speaking and English-speaking children. Journal of Child Language 24, 311-26.
Goffman, E. (1976). Replies and responses. Language in Society5, 257-313.
Gordon, D. & Ervin-Tripp, S. (1984). The structure of children’s requests. The acquisition of communicative competence, Ed. by R. L. Schiefelbusch & J. Pickar, 295-321. Maryland: University Park Press.
Halliday, M. (1975). Learning how to mean: Explorations in the development of language. London: Arnold.
Imbens-Bailey, A., & Pan, A. (1998). The pragmatics of self- and other-reference in young children. Social Development 7(2), 219-33.
Kitagawa, C. & Lehrer, A. (1990). Impersonal uses of personal pronouns. Journal of Pragmatics 14, 739-59.
Levison, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: CUP.
Lin, H. C. (1993). The pragmatic uses of personal pronouns in Mandarin Chinese. MA thesis. NTNU.
MacWhinney, B. (1991). The CHILDES project: Computational tools for analyzing talk. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ninio, A. & Wheeler, P. (1984a). A manual for classifying verbal communicative acts in mother-infant interaction. Working papers in developmental psychology, No. 1. Jerusalem: The Martin and Vivian Levin Center, Hebrew University. Reprinted in Transcript Analysis, 1986, 3, 1-82.
Ninio, A., Wheeler, P., Snow, C. E., Pan, B. A., & R. Rollins, P. (1991). INCA-A: Inventory of communicative acts—abridged. Coding Manual Distributed by Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Ninio, A., Snow, C. E., Pan, B. A., & R. Rollins, P. (1994). Classifying communicative acts in children’s interactions. Journal of Communication Disorders 27, 157-88.
Ninio, A. & Snow, C. E. (1996). Pragmatic development. Westview Press.
Ochs, E. (1988). Culture and language development: Language acquisition and
language socialization in a Samoan village. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Oshima-Takane, Y. (1985). Learning of pronouns. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McGill University.
Oshima-Takane, Y. (1998). The learning of first and second person pronouns in English. In R.Jackendoff, P.Bloom, & K.Wynn (Eds.), Language, logic, and concepts: Essays in memory of John Macnamara. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Oshima-Takane, Y., Takene, Y., & R. S., T. (1999). The learning of first and second person pronouns in English: network models and analysis. Journal of Child Language 26, 545-75.
Pan, B. A., Imbens-Bailey, A., Winner, K., & Snow, C. (1996). Communicative intents expressed by parents in interaction with young children. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 42(2), 248-67.
Piaget, J. (1926, 1955). The language and thought of the child. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Platt, M. (1986). Social norms and lexical acquisition: A study of deictic verbs in
Samoan child language. In B. B. Schieffelin & E. Ochs (Eds.), Language
socialization across cultures (pp.127-52). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Sachs, J. (1979). Topic selection in parent-child discourse. Discourse Processes 2: 145-53.
Searle, J. (1969). Speech acts. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Seki, M. (1992). Acquisition of the first person terms in infants: A comparison between normally developing children and mentally retarded children. Unpublished master’s thesis, Tsukuba University.
Snow, C. E. (1977). Mothers’ speech research: from input to interaction. In C. E. Snow & C. A. Ferguson (Eds.), Talking to children: Language input and interaction (pp.31-49). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Wetherby, A. M., & P. Rodgriguez, G. (1992). Measurement of communicative intentions in normally developing children during structured and unstructured contexts. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 35, 130-38.
Wu, Feng-chun. (2003). Ta in Mandarin spoken discourse: Discourse-pragmaticfunctions and grammaticalization. MA thesis. NTNU. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
91555012
93 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0915550121 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [語言學研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| index.html | 0Kb | HTML2 | 510 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
