| Abstract: | 我國之政治文化從早期之臣屬型轉變為參與型，政治體制由威權體制轉型為民主體制，在民主化的過程中，立法院之結構與功能產生極大的變化，從以前「行政院之立法局」，成為今日全國政治運作的中心，復經六次修憲之結果，立法院集所有職權於一身，為民主國家實質的國會。
立法委員係在眾多優秀之候選人之中，經過選舉之洗禮產生，其專業素養、品德修養理應有超於常人之標準。惟揆諸今日之立法院，立法委員之表現似乎違背了多數選民之期待。有鑑於此，立法院於民國八十八年一月十二日，三讀通過了國會改革五大法案，之後復經歷次修正，期能改善目前議事效率與品質低落之窘境。
國會議事運作之失調，並非一朝一夕所造成，而是有其歷史性結構的因素。然時至今日，立法院的生態與以前大不相同，民國八十九年的總統大選亦首度出現政黨輪替的情形，惟國會的議事運作並未隨著民主政治的進步而改變過去非體制內之抗爭，反而有過之而無不及。
議事運作的過程中所產生之諸多問題，大多繫於利益之糾葛，近年來雖已陸續通過國會改革五大法案、公職人員財產申報法、公職人員利益衝突迴避法等規範公職人員倫理的法律，惟拘束力並不彰顯。因此，本研究經深度訪談、參與觀察及蒐集國內、外相關文獻，探討立法院議事運作失調之原因，並提出擬提昇立法品質與效率之方式，應從強化立法院內部之自律機制、公權力制衡與社會之監督三個面向，型塑國會倫理，始能為國會改革帶來新契機。同時，亦能建立我國立法問政之優良典範。
The political culture of our country transformed from feudalism to participation, and the political system from autocracy to democracy. In the process of getting democratic, the structure and function of Legislative Yuan has altered dramatically. It used to be Legislative Bureau under the Executive Yuan, but now, it has become headquarter of national political operation. After the six constitutional amendments, Legislative Yuan has been literally the all-in-one congress in a democratic state.
Legislators are elites with outstanding professional knowledge and morality, chosen out of a number of brilliant participants. On the other hand, though, the incumbent ones in the Legislative Yuan seem to let the voters down. To pull up this declination, the Legislative Yuan passed 5 major acts on congressional innovation after 3rd reading on January 12th, 1999, and several amendments following that, hoping to improve the inefficiency and low quality.
The malfunction of Legislative Yuan didn’t start from yesterday but with historical background. Till now, the environment in it has been so different from before. The first rotation of ruling party took place in 2000, but this improvement in democracy made the working of congressional agenda have even more conflicts inside the framework.
Most problems derived from the process of agenda processing can find its root in the tangle of benefit. Though the major acts on congressional innovation, the law of official’s property exposure, and the law to prevent official’s benefit conflict, that help regulate the virtues of officials, had been passed respectively, the binding force is not strong enough and obvious. Therefore, on the basis of interview, observation, and collection of the domestic and foreign document, this research will discuss the reasons leading to the malfunction of Legislative Yuan and come up with the quality and efficiency resolution, which is strengthen the self-control inside the structure, the balance of public power, and the monitor of the whole society. To bring a new opportunity for revolution in our congress, we have to mold the congressional ethics, and then a terrific well-function Legislative system can be built as well. |
