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    Title: 廠商海外生產對台灣就業之影響-以資訊電子產業為例
    Authors: 黃琮祺
    Contributors: 黃智聰
    黃琮祺
    Keywords: 海外生產
    對外直接投資
    員工雇用
    台灣
    Overseas Production
    Foreign Direct Investment
    Employment
    Taiwan
    Date: 2005
    Issue Date: 2009-09-14 12:31:21 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 台灣經濟高度依賴對外貿易,經濟成長與出口成長的變化關係密切,但是近年來由於廠商大量對外投資,赴海外設立生產基地,特別是製造業中主要的資訊電子產業很多廠商到大陸設廠。因此部分人士認為海外生產係造成台灣出口不振,就業機會減少,產業空洞化的原因。但也有人認為這反而證明台灣在產業全球化、自由化及產業升級轉型的成功證明。
    台灣對外投資從1987年開始蓬勃發展,1990年開放對大陸間接投資後,對外投資金額更是快速成長,也形成廠商大量海外生產的營運模式,這種現象到底對台灣就業市場造成何種影響?本論文主要研究海外生產會不會造成就業機會減少等產業空洞化現象?特別是對於製造業中海外生產比重越來越高的資訊電子產業而言,海外生產比率變動情形與該產業就業人數之間到底存在何種連動關係,對廠商勞工雇用又具何種影響?
    本論文研究發現資訊電子產業海外投資增加及外銷比例的提升,可以增加就業機會,但海外生產是造成勞工雇用減少的主因。資訊電子產業產品生命週期短,低附加價值製程應開放赴大陸或其他地區投資,高附加價值製程設法留在台灣生產;也就是將核心競爭力的關鍵技術或零組件保留台灣製造,以製程切割,垂直分工的模式開放對外投資,才能維持國內廠商的國際競爭力,提高產品附加價值,加強研發創新、品牌行銷,協助廠商在地升級及全球佈局,才能減少海外生產對國內勞工雇用的衝擊。
    另外本論文建議,政府應該改善投資環境,輔導廠商在地升級,協助提升廠商全球運籌佈局能力,改善生活環境加強人才培訓,才能提升廠商競爭力,如此才能有效降低廠商海外生產的比率。
    Taiwan economy is highly dependent on its international trade -- economic growth is highly influenced by exports growth. Nevertheless, the increasing outward investment, especially the huge IT investments in China, may change this trend. Some people argue that overseas production is the key factor of slacked export, diminished job opportunities, and industrial hollowing-out, the other people insist that the above phenomenon is an evidence of Taiwan’s globalization, liberalization, and Industrial Upgrades.
    The Taiwan’s outward investment started from 1987, accelerated in 1990, the year that Taiwanese government lifted the ban against indirectly investing China and formed a new business model of “Taiwan Orders, Overseas (Chinese) Productions”. What is the influence of this new business model? Is this the root of diminished job opportunities and industrial hollowing-out? What’s the correlation between overseas production growth rate and unemployment rate in Taiwan IT Industry particularly?
    This article discovered the increment of outward investment and export ratio in IT industry could boost job opportunities; however, overseas production is the key factor to cause layoffs. As a result of short product life cycle characters, the low value-added IT production should apply open door policy while high value-added ones should be encouraged to produce locally and keep the core competency domestically. Keep the key component or technology manufacture in Taiwan will help create Taiwanese international competitiveness, increase added values, inspire research and innovation, direct brand marketing, upgrade industries levels, connect globally, and lower the impact of overseas production on employment.
    In addition, this article advised the government should cement Taiwanese companies’ international competitiveness and lower overseas production ratio by improving the investment climate, assisting local industries’ upgrades and the abilities of global logistics, improving living environment, and reinforcing manpower cultivation.
    Reference: 一、中文部分
    尹啟銘(2004),《台灣經濟轉捩時刻》,台北:商周出版。
    林惠玲、陳正倉(2003),《應用統計學》,台北:雙葉書廊有限公司。
    林照雄(1999),「台灣企業對外直接投資與產業空洞化之實證分析」,台北:台北銀行。
    陳添枝、蘇顯揚(1988),「對外投資攸關的產業政策」,《工業局五年期研究計畫報告》,台北:中華經濟研究院。
    吳惠林(1997),「海外投資與產業空洞化,《輸出入金融雙月刊》(台北),頁2-6。
    張雅閔、陳玉鳳(2004),「對外投資對產業空洞化之影響—總體實証分析」,高雄:經濟部加工出口區研究報告。
    劉碧珍、陸雲(2003),「對外投資與台灣接單海外生產出貨的貿易效應」,台北:經濟部委託研究報告。
    劉碧珍(2005),「對外投資、海外生產對國內研發、勞工雇用與薪資的影響」,台北:經濟部委託研究報告。
    劉碧珍、左炳堤(1995),「對外投資與回銷問題之探討,大陸東南海產業發展與台商座談會」,台北:中華經濟研究院與海基會。
    劉碧珍、陸雲(2002),「從廠商外銷接單、出口行為與國內外投資看台灣產業的發展,台北:經濟部研究報告。
    劉碧珍、林惠玲(2001),「對外投資與回銷決策—台灣製造業之驗證」, 《經濟論文叢刊》,29(4),頁479-510。
    劉碧珍、翁永和(2000),「影響廠商台灣外銷接單與出口行為因素之探討」,台北:經濟部研究計畫報告。
    劉碧珍、翁永和(2001),「台灣廠商全球運籌策略之初探—從外銷接單與出口之長期變化觀察」,台北:台灣大學經濟系紀念梁國樹教授第6屆學術研討會,頁1-26。
    劉碧珍、林惠玲、陳正倉(1999),「外銷訂單調查統計之研究」,台北:經濟部研究報告。
    蔡瑞胸、吳中書、陳建福(2004),「台灣出口訂單與出口關聯性之探討」,《台灣經濟預測與政策》,34(2),頁120-128。
    謝寬裕(1999),「台灣產業外移與產業空洞化之檢驗」,《台灣經濟金融月刊》,頁40-65。
    二、政府出版品
    行政院主計處(2005.6),人力資源統計月報。
    行政院主計處(2004),人力運用調查報告。
    行政院主計處(2005.6),薪資與生產力統計月報。
    經濟部統計處(2005.6),國內外經濟統計指標速報。
    三、英文部分
    Bluestone, B. (1984), “De-industrialization and Unemployment in America.” New Perspectives on Unemployment, ed. by Barbara A. P. Jones, New Brunswick, N.T.: Transaction Books, 27-42.
    Buckley P. J. and M. Casson (1976), The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan.
    Chen, Tain-Jy and Ying-Hua Ku (2000), “Foreign Direct Investment and Firm Growth: The Case of Taiwan’s Manufacturers.” Japan and the Worlds Economy, 12, 153-172.
    Deardorff, A. V., (2001), “Fragmentation in Simple Trade Models.” The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 12, 121-137.
    Dunning, J. H. (1980), “Toward an Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests.” Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1), 9-31.
    Hymer, S. (1960), “The International Operations of National Firms: a Study of Direct Foreign Investment.” Ph.D. Thesis, MIT, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1976.
    Matsumoto, G. (1993), “An Inquiry into De-industrialization in the UK: The Transition to a Serviced-Oriented Economy.” Warwick Economic Research Workshop, January.
    Rowthorn, R. E. and J. R. Wells (1987), De-industrialization and Foreign Trade, Cambridge University Press.
    Singh, A. (1977), “UK Industry and the World Economy: A Case of De-industrialization?” Cambridge Journal of Economics, 1, 113-116.
    Slaughter, M. J. (2004), “Globalization and Employment by U.S. Multinationals: A Framework and Facts.” Daily Tax Report, 58, BNA Inc.
    Thirlwall, A. P. (1982), “De-industrialization in the UK.” Lloyds Band Review, 134, 22-37.
    Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 190-472.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    行政管理碩士學程
    93921008
    94
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093921008
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[行政管理碩士學程(MEPA)] 學位論文

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