| Abstract: | 日語表示敬意的詞綴有前綴（像「o」「go」「mi」等）與後綴（像「san」「sama」「chan」等），與同時加前綴和後綴的形式，為何在一個語言內存有前綴和後綴兩種不同的詞綴？
本論文透過小說語料庫調查表示敬意之無標前綴「o」和後綴「san」的詞彙，並藉由構詞法規則來釐清「o」「san」的語法功能與共起關係。
在以往敬語論與構詞學的研究中，不外乎探討前綴「o」的待遇功能，或研究詞彙結構。有關「o」整體的研究，以及後綴「san」的研究以往皆未提及。
在此，將突破以往觀點所得之實證結果，歸納成以下三個重點。
第一，是否要在語基冠上前綴「o」其原因為除了說話者的待遇意識外，並得知尚有詞彙構成，詞彙種類，音韻構造，歷史背景，社會文化等五項因素。還有是否要在語基後加後綴「san」其原因為除了說話者的待遇意識外，還與詞彙種類有關(是否為表示有生物，或者於日本人心理構造「uchi[內部] ，soto[外部] ，yoso[別處]之同心圓構造」中表示soto[外部]領域)。
第二，得知前綴「o」跟後綴「san」都具有待遇和意思識別兩種不同的功能。 而前綴「o」與後綴「san」的待遇功能大可分成sotoka[外化](尊稱，謙稱，美稱)和uchika[內化](暱稱，人性化)。前綴「o」的意思識別功能具有「物品化」「人性化」「事務化」，但後綴「san」意思識別功能僅有「人性化」而已。接著這些大多是藉由比喻(隠喩，換喩，提喻)明確地改變其原意。
第三，前綴「o」跟後綴「san」同時共同使用「o ～san」形式的語基是否有被分成自由詞素和黏著詞素兩種。當語基為自由詞素時，前綴「o」跟後綴「san」可任意附加，但是語基為黏著詞素時，前綴「o」和後綴「san」則為構詞上的必要詞素。
The affix to express Japanese respect has prefix (such as: "o", "go", "mi") and suffix (such as: "san", "sama", chan"). Furthermore, a form is that both are assigned to at same time. Why are there two different affixes expressing respect in a language?
The dissertation aims to using the novel of database in accumulating the word added to express respects of prefix [o] and suffix [san], which are applied in rule of morphology to clarify their functions and relations.
Referring to the conventional honorific and morphology studies, only have been discussing for prefix [o] of treatment function or word of constitution. However, concerning about whole prefix [o] of researches and suffix [san] likely are not mentioned still now.
Therefore, overcoming past studies will be concerning with our result of demonstration, which can be as concluding below of three points.
Firstly, whether the word of basis gets prefix [o] or not cause is except that speaker’s treatment awareness, which has found that other five factors include “word constitution”, “kind of the word”, “phoneme structure”, “background of the history”, and “social culture". In addition, whether back of the word basis puts on the suffix [san] or not cause is except that speaker’s treatment awareness, which concerns with the kind of word (whether that is a word to express an animate thing or not, perhaps “Soto” [external domain] is shown in the psychology structure of Japanese: the concentric structure of “Uchi” [internal domain], “Soto” [external domain], and “Yoso” [elsewhere domain]).
Secondly, we have found that prefix [o] and suffix [san] have two different functions with “treatment” and “meaning discrimination”. As well, the treatment function of [o] and [san] are divided in “Sotoka” [externalized] (a title of honor, a modest calling-myself, a eulogistic name) and “Uchika” [internalized] (a term of endearment, humanization). Beside, the meaning discrimination function of prefix [o] includes “Monoka” [reification], “Hitoka” [humanization]” and “Kotoka” [matterization], but the meaning discrimination function of the suffix [san] has only “Hitoka” [humanization]. Therefore, most of them are developed by the metaphor (metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche) for changing original meaning clearly.
Finally, prefix [o] and suffix [san] together use the word-basis of form[o～san], which whether free morpheme and bound morpheme are distinguished in or not. In case of word-basis in the free morpheme, prefix [o] and suffix [san] can be an optical addition. But in case of word-basis in the bound morpheme, the prefix [o] and suffix [san] are essential morpheme to be formed the word. |
