English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 113656/144643 (79%)
Visitors : 51719367      Online Users : 618
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30396


    Title: 技術交易搜尋網絡之模擬研究
    A Simulation Study of Technology Transaction Network
    Authors: 歐陽惠華
    Contributors: 吳豐祥
    徐木蘭

    歐陽惠華
    Keywords: 技術搜尋
    技術知識特質
    網絡結構
    searching
    characteristic of technology
    network
    Date: 2005
    Issue Date: 2009-09-11 17:48:23 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 在高度競爭的時代,技術交易是廠商取得技術的重要方法之一。隨著智慧財產權法治的規範愈來愈完整,廠商對智慧財產權重要性的體認也逐漸提高,如何在技術市場中搜尋適當的技術交易對象,是許多廠商感到困擾的問題,而其搜尋過程也是技術交易研究領域中較為不足之處。因此本研究擬針對不同的技術交易情境下,如何成功地搜尋到交易的對象來進行研究。
    技術的交易可以視為是知識商品的交易,目前技術搜尋的研究多以策略決策觀點或組織學習的觀點來加以著墨,其結果大多與廠商行為理論相關,對於技術交易搜尋過程的探討仍屬有限。事實上,技術搜尋是買賣雙方與訊息提供者彼此在搜尋過程中的互動行為,主要建立在人與人彼此連接的網絡上。因此,技術知識或資訊在其交易搜尋網絡上的流動可視為一種複雜系統,影響的因素較為複雜。一般而言,傳統的研究方法通常較不易觀察到多個變項對整體研究的影響,若用以探討技術交易的複雜過程,可能無法完整呈現技術交易搜尋過程的全貌;再者,傳統的研究方法大多依據過去專利、研發投資等數據來進行探討技術搜尋的研究,其研究指標對技術搜尋的適用性也值得考量。
    本研究以複雜調適系統為理論基礎,依據相關理論與個案訪談的結果,來建置電腦模擬系統。模擬模型中包括:自變項—買賣方的搜尋行為,包括有知識累加速率與隨機搜尋兩種,以及與系統環境有關的系統規模、買賣家數數量、技術知識權重等。就交易與否的部分以個案資料假設的交易成功機率加以處理;應變項—特徵路徑長度(交易成功所經過的總agent數)及每個agent被經過的次數,據以在各種設定條件下的系統情境來進行模擬分析。
    本研究結果發現,技術交易系統確實表現出複雜調適理論的特性,例如:非線性、聚集、流動、多樣性等特徵;交易搜尋效率同時受到知識累加速率與隨機搜尋兩種策略行為的影響,搜尋最適條件一般出現在知識累加速率和搜尋隨機機率均為中間值時,其中路徑相依度對交易搜尋效率的影響較知識內隱性明顯。網絡結構的影響,可以從密集性、連結關係與集散性三個面向來描述,搜尋行為影響網絡節結構的形成,知識累加速率高時產生的結構較密集,反之,隨機搜尋的行為對應較分散的結構,而均衡型結構的搜尋效率較佳。總之,本研究結果顯示,於技術交易進行的實務上,若能同時兼顧既有的知識累加速率與擴大原有的路徑,將有利於交易搜尋效率的提升。
    第壹章 緒論 …………………………………………………………………1
    第一節 研究背景與動機 ………………………………………………1
    第二節 研究目的 ………………………………………………………3
    第三節 研究概念 ……………………………………………………… 4
    第四節 模擬系統建置流程 …………………………………………… 4
    第五節 研究範圍 ……………………………………………………… 5
    第六節 研究前提…………………………………………………………6
    第貳章 文獻探討 ……………………………………………………………8
    第一節 技術交易為市場機制 …………………………………………8
    一、無形資產與實體資產 …………………………………………9
    二、技術交易市場 …………………………………………………9
    第二節 技術搜尋 ………………………………………………………11
    一、搜尋策略的內涵 …………………………………………… 12
    二、影響搜尋的相關因素 ……………………………………… 14
    (一)組織學習與網絡關係 …………………………………… 15
    (二)信任的影響 ……………………………………………… 16
    (三)技術交易的信任 ………………………………………… 17
    第三節 網絡的結構與關係 ……………………………………………18
    一、網絡關係的描述 …………………………………………… 18
    二、圖像方式分析 ……………………………………………… 20
    (一)資料分析………………………………………………… 20
    (二)電腦模擬……………………………………………………22
    第四節 技術知識特質 ……………………………………………… 24
    一、技術知識特質 ……………………………………………… 25
    二、技術承接能力與企業技術能力 …………………………… 28
    第五節 複雜理論與應用 …………………………………………… 29
    一、複雜(Complexity)理論 ………………………………… 29
    二、複雜調適系統理論(Complex Adaptive System,CAS) …30
    (一)複雜適應系統理論的發展 ……………………………… 31
    (二)CAS理論的核心思想—適應性造就複雜性……………… 31
    三、CAS的應用…………………………………………………… 33
    第六節 小結 ………………………………………………………… 33
    第參章 研究方法與設計 ………………………………………………… 35
    第一節 研究方法的說明 ………………………………………………35
    一、個案選擇………………………………………………………35
    二、電腦模擬研究…………………………………………………36
    第二節 研究架構 ………………………………………………………37
    第三節 模擬系統建置工具 ………………………………………… 39
    一、 Swarm平台的介紹……………………………………………39
    二、 Swarm Development Group(SDG)的任務 ………………… 41
    三、 Swarm函式庫的介紹 ……………………………………… 41
    四、 模擬程式之設計 …………………………………………… 45
    五、 Swarm Package …………………………………………… 46
    第四節 變項設計與系統規劃 ……………………………………… 52
    第五節 系統運作 ………………………………………………………58
    一、流程圖說明 ………………………………………………… 59
    二、模擬系統的驗效(validation)……………………………66
    第肆章 個案分析 ………………………………………………………… 67
    第一節 個案討論 ………………………………………………………67
    第二節 個案討論……………………………………………………… xx
    第三節 小結 ……………………………………………………………92
    第伍章 結果與討論 ……………………………………………………… 93
    第一節 資料整理與分析………………………………………………93
    第二節 搜尋效率 …………………………………………………… 93
    一、搜尋行為的影響 …………………………………………… 93
    二、知識內隱性的影響 ………………………………………… 99
    三、系統特性之關係 ……………………………………………103
    四、不同交易成功機率之比較 …………………………………103
    第三節 網絡結構(structure)分析 ……………………………… 109
    一、搜尋網絡結構之型態 ………………………………………109
    二、網絡結構分析 ………………………………………………115
    (一)網絡結構的影響…………………………………………115
    (二)系統特性之關係…………………………………………115
    三、不同交易成功機率之比較………………………………… 103
    第三節 命題推導與說明 ……………………………………………144
    (一)技術交易搜尋系統的複雜現象 …………………………144
    (二)技術知識特質對交易搜尋效率之影響 …………………145
    (三)技術知識特質對搜尋網絡之影響 ………………………146
    (四)網絡結構對交易搜尋效率之影響 ………………………147
    (五)交易搜尋行為影響系統環境 ……………………………147
    第四節 理論架構…………………………………………………… 147
    (一)理論架構與主張 …………………………………………147
    (二)相關理論支持 ……………………………………………148
    第陸章 結論與建議 ………………………………………………………149
    一、研究結論 …………………………………………………………149
    二、理論上的貢獻 ……………………………………………………150
    三、實務上的建議 ……………………………………………………150
    四、研究限制 …………………………………………………………151
    五、未來研究發展方向 ………………………………………………152

    參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………153
    附錄一 訪談問題……………………………………………………………173
    附錄二 訪談逐字稿…………………………………………………………174
    附錄三 交易成功機率為0.5,搜尋行為對路徑特徵長度的影響……… 196
    附錄四 交易成功機率為0.5,知識內隱性對路徑特徵長度的影響…… 197





    表 目 錄

    表 2-1 無形資產與實體資產的差異 ……………………………………… 9
    表 2-2 技術市場與商品市場的比較 …………………………………………10
    表 2-3 有效的交易統治結構 …………………………………………………11
    表 2-4 技術知識特質對知識轉移的影響 ……………………………………27
    表 2-5 生物遺傳概念在遺傳演算法中的對應關係 …………………………28
    表 2-6 技術搜尋系統與理論內容的關係 ……………………………………32
    表 3-1 個案訪談對象表 ………………………………………………………36
    表 3-2 技術搜尋系統的概念與研究變項操作關係………………………… 38
    表 3-2 Swarm and Object-oriented programming的對照 ……………… 43
    表 3-4 本研究所使用的Swarm package …………………………………… 48
    表 3-5 各變項之意涵與影響………………………………………………… 53
    表 3-6 網絡分析指標在技術交易網絡之意涵……………………………… 55
    表 3-7 實驗產出指標說明…………………………………………………… 55
    表 3-8 系統情境參數彙整表 …………………………………………………56
    表 3-9 系統變項情境參數彙整表 ……………………………………………56
    表 3-10 實驗輸入變數之說明 ……………………………………………… 64
    表 3-11 規模900,買賣家數5/5系統的agent被經過網絡分佈 ……………67
    表 4-1 個案一 技術交易情境 …………………………………………………70
    表 4-2 個案二 技術交易情境 …………………………………………………76
    表 4-3 生技醫藥產業交易過程 ………………………………………………76
    表 4-4 電子資訊產業交易過程 ………………………………………………77
    表 4-5 個案三 技術交易情境 …………………………………………………87
    表 4-6 個案四 技術交易情境 …………………………………………………90
    表 4-7 個案五 技術交易情境 ……………………………………………… 92
    表 5-1 交易一次系統成功交易所經過總agent數之比較……………………104
    表 5-2 交易成功機率0.5與1.0差異比較…………………………………… 105
    表 5-3 agent被經過次數分佈與情境對照表 ……………………………… 110
    表 5-4 網絡類型歸納表 …………………………………………………… 114



    圖 目 錄

    圖 1-1 研究概念 ……………………………………………………………… 4
    圖 1-2 模擬系統建置流程 …………………………………………………… 5
    圖 2-1本研究系統在技術交易過程的關係圖示………………………………34
    圖 3-1 研究架構 ………………………………………………………………38
    圖 3-2 Swarm平臺的建模邏輯 ………………………………………………41
    圖 3-3 所示為Swarm activities的整合 …………………………………46
    圖 3-4 TradeObserverSwarm 和TradeModelSwarm 之間的繼承關係 ……50
    圖 3-5 系統運作流程圖 ……………………………………………………… 59
    圖 3-6 買賣方的交易行為過程 ……………………………………………… 60
    圖 3-7 訊息者的行為 ………………………………………………………… 61
    圖 3-8 範例程式起始的畫面 ………………………………………………… 63
    圖 3-9 交易結束的畫面 …………………………………………………… …65
    圖 5-1系統規模400、交易成功機率1.0的條件下,搜尋機率時和
    知識累加速率對路徑特徵長度的同時影響 ………………………… 96
    圖 5-2系統規模900、交易成功機率1.0的條件下,搜尋機率時和
    知識累加速率對路徑特徵長度的同時影響 ……………………………97
    圖5-3系統規模1600、交易成功機率1.0的條件下,搜尋機率時和
    知識累加速率對路徑特徵長度的同時影響 ……………………………98
    圖5-4系統規模400,交易成功機率為1.0,知識權重與知識累加
    兩內隱性變項對路徑特徵長度的同時影響 ……………………………100
    圖5-5系統規模900,交易成功機率為0.5,知識權重與知識累加
    兩內隱性變項對路徑特徵長度的同時影響 ……………………………101
    圖5-6系統規模1600,交易成功機率為0.5,知識權重與知識累加
    兩內隱性變項對路徑特徵長度的同時影響 ……………………………102
    圖 5-7 買方家數/賣方家數 5/5、搜尋機率0.5、交易成功機率1.0
    的條件下,知識累加速率與知識權重對系統規模之關係 ……… 106
    圖 5-8 買方家數/賣方家數 25/25、搜尋機率0.5、交易成功機率1.0
    的條件下,知識累加速率與知識權重對系統規模之關係 ……… 107
    圖 5-9 買方家數/賣方家數 45/5、搜尋機率0.5、交易成功機率1.0
    的條件下,知識累加速率與知識權重對系統規模之關係 ……… 108
    圖 5-10 交易一次系統成功交易所經過總agent數之比較 ……………… 105圖 5-11 密集型-弱連結-低度集散型的網絡結構 ………………………… 113
    圖 5-12 分散型-中度連結-高度集散型的網絡結構…………………………114
    圖 5-13 400系統(5/5),知識權重 0.8 ………………………………… 117
    圖 5-14 400系統(5/5),知識權重0.5 ……………………………………118
    圖5-15 400系統(5/5),知識權重0.2 …………………………………… 119
    圖5-16 400系統(25/25),知識權重0.8 ………………………………… 120
    圖5-17 400系統(25/25),知識權重0.5……………………………………121
    圖5-18 400系統(25/25),知識權重0.2……………………………………122
    圖5-19 400系統(45/5),知識權重0.8 ……………………………………123
    圖5-20 400系統(45/5),知識權重 0.5 ………………………………… 124
    圖5-21 400系統(45/5),知識權重 0.2 ……………………………………125
    圖5-22 900系統(5/5),知識權重 0.8 …………………………………… 126
    圖5-23 900系統(5/5),知識權重 0.5 …………………………………… 127
    圖5-24 900系統(5/5),知識權重 0.2 …………………………………… 128
    圖5-27 900系統(25/25),知識權重 0.8 ………………………………… 129
    圖5-26 900系統(25/25),知識權重 0.5 ………………………………… 130
    圖5-25 900系統(25/25),知識權重 0.2 ………………………………… 131
    圖5-28 900系統(45/5),知識權重 0.8 ……………………………………132
    圖5-29 900系統(45/5),知識權重 0.5 ……………………………………133
    圖5-30 900系統(45/5),知識權重 0.2 ……………………………………134
    圖5-31 1600系統(5/5),知識權重 0.8 ……………………………………135
    圖5-32 1600系統(5/5),知識權重 0.5 ……………………………………136
    圖5-33 1600系統(5/5),知識權重 0.2 ……………………………………137
    圖5-34 1600系統(25/25),知識權重 0.8 …………………………………138
    圖5-35 1600系統(25/25),知識權重 0.5 …………………………………139
    圖5-36 1600系統(25/25),知識權重 0.2 …………………………………140
    圖5-37 1600系統(45/5),知識權重 0.8 ……………………………………141
    圖5-38 1600系統(45/5),知識權重 0.5 ……………………………………142
    圖5-39 1600系統(45/5),知識權重 0.2 ……………………………………143
    圖5-40 系統情境關係圖………………………………………………………147
    圖5-41 理論架構………………………………………………………………148
    Reference: 中文部分與網站資料
    方世杰,(1995),企業技術交易模式影響因素研究,台灣大學商研所未出版博士論文。
    方世杰,(1999),產研研發聯盟之廠商特質、技術移轉特性、互動機制與績效之研究,管理學報,第十六卷,第四期,頁633~659。
    吳豐祥、蔡政安(2002),技術交易服務業的發展與政策初探,科技發展政策報導,5月。
    李宛蓉譯,(1998),誠信-社會德性與崇榮的創造,(Francis Fukuyams著),台北:立緒。
    林大容譯,(1999),智慧資本-如何衡量資訊時代無形資產的價值(Intellectual Capital-Realizing Your Company’s True Value by Finding Its Hidden Roots)(Edvinsson, L. & Malone, M. S.)著,台北。
    林晉寬,(1999),團隊信任與研究發展績效之關係,科技管理學刊,第四卷,第一期,頁207-221。
    金觀濤、華國凡,(2005),控制論與科學方法論,新星出版社,北京
    吳思華,(2000),策略九說(三版),臺北:臉譜文化出版社。
    徐文宗,(1994),體制環境、技術特性與交易型態之關係, 輔仁大學管理科學研究所未出版碩士論文。
    馬歇爾 (Marshall, Alfred),(1981),經濟學原理,北京 : 商務。
    Shannon, C.E. (1948), A mathematical theory of communication, Bell Systems Technical Journal,Vol.27,pp..379-423.
    Sharif, M. N.,(1988),"Basis of Techno-Economic Policy Analysis," Science and Public Policy,Vol.15, pp..217-229.
    Simon, H.A.,(1979),“The Architecture of Complexity.” The Science of the artificial, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.. 467-482.
    Slater, S. F.,(1995), "Market Orientation And the Learning Organization," Journal of Marketing, Vol.59, pp..63-74.
    Smolen ,P, Baxter, D.A.& Byrne, J.H. (2000)Mathematical modeling of gene networks ,Neuron,Vol. 26(3),pp..567-580.
    Stacey. D.,(1995),”The science of complexity :An alternative perspective for strategic change processes”, Strategic Management Journal ,Vol 16,pp..477-495.
    Steensma, H. H.,(1996), "Acquiring Technological Competencies through Inter-Organization Collaboration: An Organizational Learning Perspective," Journal of Engineering and Technology Management ,Vol.12, pp.. 267-286.
    Stoneman , P. (Ed.),(1995), Hand book of the economics of innovation and technological change, Oxford, Blackwell.
    Swanz, D. J.,(1995),” Doing business in China”, The CPA Journal,Vol. 65(3),pp..42-47.
    Johnson, Paul ,1999-2000 ,“Swarm User Guide”, Swarm Development Group “A tutorial introduction to Swarm”,June, 2000 Complex Systems Summer School, Swarm Development Group, http://www.swarm.org/css-tutorial/titlefoil.html
    Granovetter, M.,(1992), "Economic Institutions as Social Constructions: A Framework for Analysis." Acta Sociologica,Vol. 35,pp..3-11.
    Szulanski,G.,(1996),”Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal,pp..27-43.
    Teece, D. J. ,(1992), "Competition, Cooperation, and Innovation Organizational Arrangements for Regimes of Rapid Technological Progress", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.18, pp..1-25.
    Teece, D. J., (1997), “ Technology Transfer by the Multinational Firms: The Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-How,” The Economic Journal,Vol. 87,pp..242-261.
    Teece, D. J., G. Pisano,& Shuen, A.,(1997),"Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.18, pp.. 281-293.
    Teece, D. J.,(1986), "Profiting from Technology Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy", Research Policy, Vol.15, pp..285-305.
    Teece, D. J.,(1996),“Firm Organization, Industrial Structure, and Technological Innovation,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.31, PP..193-224.
    Teece, D.J.,(2000),“Managing intellectual capital-Organizational, strategic, and policy dimensions”, OXFORD University Press.
    Teece, D.J.,(2001),“Managing Industrial Knowledge-Creating, Transfer, and Utilization”,SAGE Pulications.
    Tichy, Tushman and Fombrun, 1979, “Social network analysis for organization”, Academy of Management Review, vol. 4(4), pp.507-519.
    Tiemessen,I.,Lane, Crossan ,M.M., & Inkpen,A.C.,(1997),” Knowledge Management in International Joint Ventures”,Cooperative Strategic North American Perspectives,pp..370-399.
    Grant, R. M. ,(1996),"Prospering in Dynamically-Competitive Environments: Organizational Capability as Knowledge Integration",Organization Science,Vol.7, pp..375-388.
    Tobias, R. & Hofmann, C.,(2004),” Evaluation of free Java-libraries for social-scientific agent based simulation”, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 7: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/7/1/6.html.
    Tomkins, Cyril ,( 2001),”Interdependencies, trust and information in relationships, alliances and networks”, Accounting, Organizations and Society Vol.26 ,PP..161-191.
    Turnbull, P.,Ford D.& Cunningham, M.(1996),” Interaction, Relationships and Networks in Business Markets : an Evolving Perspective”, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 3 (4),pp..44-62.
    Tushman, M. L. & Rosenkopf, L.,(1992),” Organizational Determinants of Technological-Change -toward a Sociology of Technological Evolution”, Research in Organizational Behavior,Vol.14,pp..311-347.
    Tushman,M. L. and Nelson, R. R.(1990),”Introduction :Technology ,organizations and innovation”,”Administrative Science Quarterly,Vol. 35,pp..1-8.
    Tyre,M.,(1991).”Managing the Introduction of New Process Technology: International Differences in a Multi-Plant Netwark“, Reserch policy ,Vol.20,pp.. 57-76.
    Utterback J. M. (1994), “Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation”, Boston (MA): Harvard University Press.
    Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in inter-firm networks: the paradox of embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly,Vol. 42, pp..35–67.
    Valente , T.W , & Rogers, E. M. ,(1995),”The origins and development of the diffusion of innovations paradigm as an example of scientific growth”,Science Community,Vol.16,pp..242-273.
    Verspagen ,B.; Duysters ,G., (2004) ,”The small worlds of strategic technology alliances”, Technovation ,Vol. 24 Iss. 7, pp..563-571.
    Griffths, D. E., Hart, A. W., & Blair, B. G. ,(1991),”Still another approach to administration: Chaos theory”, Educational Administration Ouarterly,Vol. 27(3),pp..430-451.
    von Hippel, Eric.,(1994),“Sticky Information and the Locus of Problem Solving : Implicationfor Innovation”,Management Science,Vol.40(4),pp.. 429-439.
    http://www.cariboo.bc.ca/advtech/cist/faculty/mrupert/index.htm
    Vriend, N. (1995), “Self-Organization of Markets: An Example of a Computational Approach,” Computational Economics, 8, pp.. 205-231.
    Walker & Ruekert ,(1987), “Marketing’s role in the implementation of business strategies: a critical review and conceptual framework”, Journal of Marketing, July, pp..15-23.
    Walrod,Wallace,(1999),”Knowledge,Trust, and Cooperative Relationships in the U.S. Biotechnology Industry”,Ph.D. Dissertation, Social Ecology,University of California,Irvine.
    Wasserman, S. & Fault, K.,(1994),”Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications”, Cambridge University Press.
    Watts, D. J. & Strogatz, S. H. ,(1998),”Collective Dynamics of Small-World Networks.”, Nature,Vol. 393,pp.. 440-442.
    Watts, D. J.,(2004),“The “New” Science of Networks”,Annu. Rev. Sociol,Vol.30,pp..243–312.
    Weiss, A. M; Heide, J. B,(1993), The nature of organizational search in high technology markets, Journal of Marketing Research,Vol. 30(2),pp.. 220-233.
    Wejnert, B.,(2002),”Integrating Models of Diffusion of Innovations: A Conceptual Framework”, Annual Review Sociolity,Vol.28,pp..297-326.
    Gulati, R.,(1998), “Alliances and networks”, Strategy management journal, Vol. 19, pp..293-317.
    Williamson, O. E., (1985), “The Economic Institutions of Capitalism”, New York: Free Press.
    Williamson, O. E.,(1979),"Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations," Journal of Law and Economics, Vol.22, pp.. 223-251.
    http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/tlab00b.readme.htm
    Winter, S., (1987) ,”Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Asset”, In Teece, D.J. (ed.), The Competitive Challenge. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
    Woolcock, M., (1998),” Social capital and economic development: toward a theoretical synthesis”, Theory and Society, Vol.27(2),pp..151–208.
    Yankson, P. W. K., (1996),” Small scale aluminum industry in Ghana”, In D. McCormick, & P. Pedersen (Eds.), Small enterprises: Flexibility and networking in an African context (pp.. 63–78), Nairobi: Longman Kenya.
    Zaheer, A & Venkatraman,N.,(1995),”Relational Governance as An Interorganizational Strategy: An Empirical Test of The Role of Trust in Economic Exchange”, Strategic Management Journal,Vol.16,pp..373-392.
    Zucker, L, G.,(1986),”Production of Trust :Institutional Sources of Economic Structure”,Research in Organizational Behavior,Vol. 8,pp.. 53-111.
    http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~mdorigo/ACO/ACO.html
    http://artstkmkt.sourceforge.net/
    Haller, H. (1990),“Large Random Graphs in Pseudo-Metric Spaces,” Mathametical Social Scineces,Vol.20,pp..147-164.
    http://www.swarmintelligence.org/
    http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/333002.html
    Stanley,H. E., Amaral, L. A. N. S. V., Buldyrev, Gopikrishnan, P. , Plerou,V. & Salinger, M. A., (2002) ,“Self-Organized Complexity in Economics and Finance”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99-Supp,pp.. 2561-2565 http://www.bearcave.com/bookrev/linked/
    英文部分
    Adner, R.,(2002), ”When are technologies disruptive? A demand-based view of the emergence of competition” ,Strategic Management Journal,Vol. 23(8),pp..667-688.
    Ahuja,M.K., Galletta,D.F. and Carley,K.M.,(2003). "Individual centrality and performance in virtual R&D groups: An empirical study," Management Science, Vol. 49(1), pp.. 21–38.
    Akerlof, G. and R. Kranton (2000), “Economics and Identity,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (3), pp..715-753.
    Albert ,R.& Barab´asi., A.-L.,(2002), “Statistical mechanics of complex networks”, Reviews of Modern Physics,Vol.74,pp.. 47–97.
    Alchian,A. A.,(1950),”Uncertainty,Evolution,and Economic Theory”,The Journal of Political Economy,Vol.58(3),pp.. 211-221.
    Anderson,P.& Tushman,M.L.,(1990),”Technological discontinuities and dominant designs–a cyclical Model of technological change”, Administrative Science Quarterly,Vol.35(4),pp..604-633.
    Hamel, G.,(1991), "Competition for Competence and Inter-Partner Learning Within International Strategic Alliances", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12,pp..83-103.
    Argyris, C., & Schon, D.,(1978,”Organizational learning”,Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
    Arora, A., Fosfuri, A.,& Gambardella,(2001),”A. Markets for Technology: The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy”,Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    Arthur. W. B., Ermoliev, Y., & Kaniovski, YM.,(1984),” Strong law’s for a class at path dependent stochastic processes with applications”, In Arkin. V. I., Shiryayev, A., and Wets, R. (Eds.), Proceedings of a Conference on Stochastic Optimization. Kiev:pp..87-93.
    Arthur, W.B, Holland, J. H., LeBaron, B., Palmer, R.& Tayler, P.,(1996),”Asset Pricing Under Endogenous Expectations”, Santa Fe Institute Paper.
    Arthur,W.B.,(1994),”Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy”,The University of Michigan Press,U.S.
    Badaracco, J. L. Jr.(1991),“The Knowledge Link:How Firms Compete through Strategic Alliance”, Boston,Mass.:Harvard Business School Press.
    Baker, W. E., (1992), `The Network Organization in Theory and Practice`. In Nohria, N.& Eccles,R. (eds.), Networks and Organization: Structure, Form, and Action. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, pp..397-429.
    Baldwin, C. Y. & Clark, K. B.(1997)﹐”Managing in an Age of Modularity.”, Harvard Business Review ,Vol.75(5), pp..84-93.
    Banerjee, A. (1992), “A Simple Model of Herd Behavior,” Quaterly Jounral of Ecnomics, Vol.108, pp.. 797-817.
    Barr, A.,(1998),”Enterprise performance and the functional diversity of social capital center for the study of African economies”, Working Paper 98-1, University of Oxford, Oxford.
    Hanneman, R. & Jan Blacher,(1998),"Predicting Placement in Families Who Have Children with Severe Handicaps: A Longitudinal Analysis", American Journal on Mental Retardation,Vol.102(4),pp..392-408.
    Bar-Yam, Y.,(1997),”Dynamics of Complex Systems”, New York: Perseus Press. http://www.necsi.org/publications/dcs.
    Bennett, J. K.& O’brien,M. J.,(1994), "The Building Blocks of the Learning Organization",Training,Vol.31,pp..41-49.
    Bidault,F & Fischer,W. A. H.,(1994),”Technology Transactions: Networks over Markets”,R&D Management,Vol.24(4),pp.. 373-386.
    Blume, L., and Durlauf, S. (2001), “The Interaction-Based Approach to Socioeconomic Behavior,” in S. Durlauf and P. Young (eds.), Social Dynamics, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp.. 15-44.
    Bobner, R. F., Newman, I, & Wessinger, C., (1989),” Chaos Moding: Increasing Educational Researchers` Awareness of a New Tool. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service, No. ED pp..323-215.
    Bonabeau, E.& Theraulaz, G.,(2000),“Swarm Smarts,” Scientific American, March, pp..72-79.
    Bonabeau, E., Dorigo,M.& Theraulaz, G.,(1999),” Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
    Brooks, H.,(1966),”Multimethod Research Synthesis of Stiles”, London : Stage Publication.
    Burt R.,(1992),” Structural holes”, Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.
    Burt, R.,(1987),” Social Contagion and Innovation:Cohesion versus Structural Equivalence”, American Journal Sociol,Vol. 92, pp..1287-1335.
    Hedlund ,G.,(1994),“A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation”,Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15,pp..73-90.
    Carter, A. P.,(1989),” Know-How Trading as Economic Exchange, Research Policy”,Vol. 18,pp..155-163.
    Chen, Shu-Heng, and Tai, C.-C. (2003),“Trading Restrictions, Price Dynamics and Allocative Efficiency in Double Auction Markets: Analysis Based on Agent-Based Modeling and Simulations,”Advances in Complex Systems, Vol.6,No.3,pp..283-302.
    Chen, Shu-Heng ,(2006),” Graphs and Network Economics”, AI-ECON Research Center Department of Economics, National Chengchi University,Taipei, Taiwan,unpublished paper
    Chen, Wei-Ru,(2003),” Looking forward or looking backward? firms’ technological search behavior under uncertainty” the annual Conference of the Strategic Management Society in Baltimore, MD, USA.
    Chesbrough, H.,(2004),”The Sustainability of Technology Markets”,Journal of Management and Governance,Vol. 8,pp..117–120.
    Christensen, C. M.,(1997),” The innovator`s dilemma. Boston”, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
    Clark K. B. & Wheelwright S. C.,(1993),“Managing New Product and Process Development”,New York: Free Press.
    Clark, K. B.,(1993)," Notes on Modularity in Design and Innovation in Advanced Ceramics and Engineering Plastics ", Harvard Business School Working Paper No.95-073.
    Clark, K.B. & Fujimoto. T,(1991),”Product Development Performance in the world Auto Industries”,Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA.
    Coase, R. H.,(1960),”The problem of Social Cost”,Journal Law and Economic.
    Helleloid, D., & Simonin, B. ,(1994),” Organizational learning and a firm’s core competence”, In G. Hamel & A. Heene (Eds.), Competence-based competition:pp..213-239 New York: John Wiley & Sons.
    Cohen, W.M. & Levinthal, D. A., (1990)﹐“Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation.” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol 35,pp.. 128-152.
    Coleman J.,(1990),”Social capital in the creation of human capital”,American Journal of Sociology,Vol.94,pp..95-120.
    Contractor, F. J.,& S. K. Kundu,(1998) "Model Choice in a World of Alliances: Analyizing Organzational Firms in the International Hotel Sector," Journal of International Business Studies, , Vol.29, pp.. 325-358.
    Dasgupta, P., & David,P. A.(1994),"Toward a New Economics of Science," Research Policy, Vol.23, pp..487-521.
    Davenport, S., J. Davies, & C. Grimes,(1999), "Collaborative Research Programmes: Building Trust Form Difference, Technovation , Vol.19, pp.. 31-40.
    Deutsch, M., (1962),Cooperation and Trust: Some Theoretical Notes In Marshall R. Jones (ed.), Nebrasks Symposium on Motivation Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, pp..275-319.
    Diamond, P. (1982),“Aggregate Demand in Search Equilibrium,” Journal of Political Economy, 15, pp..881-894.
    Dore, R.,(1983),“Goodwill and the Spirit of Market Capitalism”, British Journal of Sociology,Vol.34, pp..459-482.
    Dosi G., (1982),“Technological Paradigms and Technological Trajectories”, Research Policy, Vol. 11(3), pp..147-162.
    Dougherty,D.,(1990),“Understanding New Markets for New Product”, Strategic Management Journal,Vol.11,pp.. 59-78.
    Hodgson, G., (1998),” Competence and contract in the theory of the firm”, Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol.35,pp..179–201.
    Dyer, J. H. and Nobeoka ,K.,(2000),“Creating and Managing a High-Performance Knowledge-Sharing Network: The Toyota Case,” Strategic Management Journal,Vol.21,pp..345-367.
    Dyer, J. H.,(1997), "Effective Interfirm Collaboration: How Firms Minimize Transaction Costs and Maximize Transaction Value," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.18, pp..535-556.
    Edvinsson, Leif,(1996), “ Developing a Model for Managing Intellectual Capital”, European Management Journal, Vol. 14(4),pp.. 356-364.
    Edvinsson, L. & Malone, M. S.,(1999), Intellectual Property, Rye Field Publishing Company, Inc., USA.
    Eisenhardt,K.(1989),”Making fast strategic decisions in high-volocity environments”,Academy of Management Journal,Vol.33,pp.. 543-576.
    Emirbayer , M.& Goodwin , J.,(1994),”Network analysis, culture, and the problem of agency “,The American Journal of Sociology,Vol. 99,pp..1154–1411.
    Farrel, J. & Saloner, G.,(1996),“Competition, Compatibility and Standards, in R. Burgelman, M. Maidique & Wheelwright ,S.” ( eds. ) Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, PP.. 295-304, Times Mirror Higher Education Group, In.
    Fitz-Gibbon,C.T., (1996),” Monitoring Education:Indicators”, Quality and Effectiveness . London:Cassell.
    Fleming, L., & Sorenson, O.(2000),” Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data”, Research Policy,Vol. 1258, pp..1-21.
    Fleming,Q.W.& Koppleman,J.M,(1997),“Intergrated Project Development Team : Another Fad….Or a Permanent Change”, Project Management ,Vol.28(1),pp.. 4-11.
    耿筠(1997),高科技產業經理人購買授權技術行為之研究-以新竹科學工業園區經理人為例,國立中山大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
    Ford, D.& Ryan, C., (1981),”Taking technology to market”,Harvard Business Review,Vol 3-4,pp..117-126.
    Freeman, L. C.,(2000),”Visualizing Social Networks”, Carnegie Mellon:Journal of Social Structure, Electronic Journal, Vol.1(1).
    Fukuyama, F., (1995).”Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: The Free Press.
    Fukuyama, F., (1998),”Trust: the Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity”, New Century Publishing.
    Garud, R., & Nayyar,P. R.(1994), "Transformative Capacity; Continual Structuring by Intertemporal Technology Transfer," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15, pp.365-385.
    Garud, R. and Kumaraswamy, A.,(1995),”Technological and Organizational Designs for Realizing Economies of Substitution”, Strategic Management Journal,Vol.16,pp.. 93-110.
    Gavetti, G. & Levinthal, D.,( 2000), ”Looking forward and looking backward: Cognitive and experiential search”, Administrative Science Quarterly,Vol. 45(1),pp..113-137.
    Gerlach, J. M.,(1992),"Collaborative Editing And Writing: Implications For Teacher/Writers",Research presentation at AERA, San Francisco, CA, April.
    Goyal, S.,(2003), "Learning in networks: A survey," In: G. Demange and M. Wooders (editors). Group formation in economics: Networks, clubs, and coalitions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, and at http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/learninginnetworks.pdf.
    Grabher, G. E. (Ed.),(1993),” The embedded firm: On the socioeconomics of industrial networks”, London: Routledge.
    Holland, J.H.,(1995),” Hidden Order”, Addison-Wesley.
    Granovetter ,M.,( 2005),"The Impact of Social Structure on Economic Outcomes",Journal of Economic Perspectives.
    Granovetter, M. S.,(1995),” Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers”,Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Granovetter, M., (1985),” Economic action and social strcuture: the problem of embeddedness”, American Journal of Sociology Storper,Vol. 91(3),pp..481–510.
    Granovetter, M.,(1973),”The strength of weak ties”, American Journal of Sociology,Vol.78,pp..1360-1380.
    Granovetter, M.,(1985), "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology,Vol. 91,pp.. 481-510.
    Holland, J.H.,(1998),” Emergence : from chaos to order”, Cambridge, Mass. : Perseus Books.
    Holmlund, M., & Törnroos,J. A.(1997), “What Are Relationships in Business Networks?”,Management Decision, Vol. 35(4), pp..304–309.
    Huber, G.,(1991),” Organizational learning: The contributing processes and a review of the literatures. Organization Science, Vol.2,pp..88-115.
    Hwang, P. & Burgers, W. P.,(1997),”The many faces of multi-firm alliances: lessons for managers”, California Management Review, Vol.39(3),pp.. 101-117.
    Jeong,H.(2003), "Complex scale–free networks," Physical A.,Vol. 321, pp..226–237.
    Jones, G. R.,& George ,J. M., (1998),"The Experience and Evolution of Trust: Implications for Cooperation and Teamwork", The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23(3), pp..531-546.
    Kalai, E., Postlewaite, A. and Roberts, J (1978),“Barriers to Trade and Disadvantageous Middlemen: Nonmonotonicity of the Core,” Jounral of Economic Theory, 19, pp..200-209.
    Kamann, Dirk-Jan F & Strijker, D.,(1992), "Mechanisms of Coordination in the Dutch Horticultural Complex," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press for European Association of Agricultural Economists, Vol. 19(4), pp..393-416.
    Katila, R. & Ahuja, G.,(2002) ,”Something old, something new: a longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction” , Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 45(6),PP..1183-1194.
    陳東升,2003,積體網路,群學出版有限公司,台北。
    Kirman, A. P. (1993), “Ants, Rationality, and Recruitment,” Quaterly Jounral of Ecnomics, 108, pp.. 137-156.
    Kirman, A. P. (1997a), “The Economy as an Interactive System,” inW. B. Arthur, S. Durlauf, and D. Lane (eds.), The Economy as an Evolving Complex System II, Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, pp..491-531.
    Kirman, A. P. (1997b), “The Economy as an Evolving Network,” Jounral of Evolutionary Economics,Vol.7,pp..339-353.
    Kirman, A. P. (1998), “Economies with Interacting Agents,” in P. Cohendet, P. Llerena, H. Stahn, and G. Umbhauer (eds.), Th Economics of Networks, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp..17-51.
    Kirman, A. P., and N. Virend (2001), “Evolving Market Structure: An ACE Model of Price Dispersion and Loyalty”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 25, pp..459–502.
    Knoke, D.& Kuklinski, J.H.,(1982),” Network Analysis”, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
    Kogut, B & Kulatilaka,N, (1994), “Operating Flexibility, Global Manufacturing, and the Option Value of a Multinational Network”, Management Science, Vol.40,pp..123 -139.
    Kogut, B. & Zander, U. ,(1993), "Knowledge of the Firm and the Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Corporation," Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.24, pp..625-645.
    Koopmans, T. C., (1957), “Three Essays on the State of Economic Science”, New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Lam, A., (1997), "Embedded Firms, Embedded Knowledge: Problems of Collaboration and Knowledge Transfer in Global Cooperative Ventures," Organization Studies, Vol.18, pp..973-996.
    楊君琦、徐木蘭,(1999),研發機構落實技術移轉機制之研究,工研院專題研究報告,臺北。
    Langlois, R.N, (1992),"Transaction Cost Economics in Real Time", Industrial and Corporate Change,Vol. 1,pp..99-127.
    Lempel, R. and Moran, S.,( 2001) ,”SALSA: the stochastic approach for link-structure analysis”, ACM Trans. Inf. Syst, Vol. 19(2), pp pp
    Levinthal, D. A., & March, J. G., (1981) ,”A Model of Adaptive Organizational Search”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.2, PP..307-333.
    Levitt, B. & March, J. G.,( 1988),”Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology”,Vol.14,pp..319-340.
    Lin,Nan,(2001),”Social Capital:A Theory of Social Structure and Action”,Cambridge University Press.
    Lorenzoni ,G. & Lipparini, A.,(1999),”The leveraging of interfirm relationships as a distinctive organizational capability: A longitudinal study”, Strategic Management Journal Chichester:Apr., Vol. 20(4), pp.. 317-338.
    Lyon, F. (2000),”Trust, networks, and norms: the creation of social capital in agricultural economies in Ghana. World Development,Vol. 28(4), pp..663–681.
    MacKenzie, D.,(1992),” Economic and sociological explanation of technical change”, In V. Walsh (Ed.), Technological change and company strategies: Economic and sociological perspectives:pp.. 25-48, London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
    Mahajan, V., Muller, E. & Bass, F. M. ,(1990),” New products diffusion models in marketing: a review and direction for research”,Journal of Marketing, Vol.54,pp..1-26.
    Majchrzak, R.E., Rice, A. ,Malhotra, N. King, and Ba,S.,(2000), "Technology adaptation: The case of a computer–supported inter–organizational virtual team," MIS Quarterly, Vol. 24(4), pp.. 569–600.
    劉江彬、張孟元(2002),技術交易成本與評價模式之研究,IT IS產業論壇,Vol.4(1),PP..139-171。
    Malecki, E.J. (1997) “Entrepreneurs, Networks, and Economic Development.” Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence, and Growth, 3: 57–118.
    Malecki, E. J. & Tootle, D. M. (1996),”The role of networks in small firm competitiveness. International Journal of Technology Management,Vol. 11(1-2),pp..43–57.
    Malecki, E. J., & Tootle, D. M. ,(1997),” Networks of small manufacturers in the USA: creating embeddedness,”In M. Taylor, & S. Conti (Eds.), Interdependent and uneven development: Global–local perspectives (pp.. 195–221). Aldershot: Ashgate.
    Malecki, E. J., & Tootle, D. M. ,(1997),” Networks of small manufacturers in the USA: creating embeddedness”,In M. Taylor, & S. Conti (Eds.), Interdependent and uneven development: Global–local perspectives (pp.. 195–221). Aldershot: Ashgate.
    Malecki, E. J., & Veldhoen, M. E., (1993),” Network activities, information and competitiveness”, Geografiska Annaler,Vol. 75B(3), pp..131–214.
    Malecki, E. J., (2000),”Soft variables in regional science”, Review of Regional Studies,Vol. 30(1),pp..61–69.
    Malerba,F. & Orsenigo,L. ,(1996),”Schumpeterian patterns of innovation are technology specific”,Research Policy ,Vol 25(3),pp.. 451-478.
    Mansfield, E.,(1961),“Technical change and the rate of imitation. Econometrica”,Vol.29, pp..741-756.
    March,J.,(1991),”Extloration and Exploitation in Organisayional Learning”,Organization Science,Vol2(1),pp..71-87.
    Markose ,S. & Loke, Y.J.,(2003), "Networks Effects on Cash-Card Substitution in Transactions and Low Interest Rate Regimes", The Economic Journal ,Vol.113(487),pp..456-477.
    巴拉巴西(Albert-László Barabási)& 伯納博(Eric Bonabeau)(翻譯/鍾樹人,審訂/陳企寧),(2003),無尺度網絡,科學人雜誌,6月號
    Marks, R. E.,(2006)“Validation and Complexity”, Australian Graduate School of Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney , Australia,unpublished paper.
    Martinez, E., Polo, Y. & Flavian,C.,(1998), ”The Acceptance and Diffusion of New Consumer Durables : Differences Between First and Last Adopters “,Journal of Consumer Marketing ,Vol.15 ,pp..323-342.
    Maskell, P., & Malmberg, A., (1999),” Localized learning and industrial competitiveness. Cambridge Journal of Economics,Vol. 23,pp..167–185.
    Maskell, P., & Malmberg, A., (1999),”Localized learning and industrial competitiveness”, Cambridge Journal of Economics,Vol. 23,pp..167–185.
    Meyers, P. W.,(1990), "Non-Linear Learning in Technological Firms," Research Policy, Vol.19, pp..97-115.
    Mitchell, J. C.,(1969), “The Concept and Use of Social Networks” in Social Networks in Urban Situations, J. Clyde Mitchell (ed.), Manchester, Manchester University Press.
    Miyazaki K. ,(1997),“Complex System - Toward a New Paradigm in Technology Management”, 7th International Forum on Technology Management, Tokyo, Japan.
    Mogavero, L. N. & Shane, R. S., (1982), “What Every Engineer Should Know about Technology Transfer and Innovation”, New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
    Moon, C. H.,(1998), "Technological Capacity as a Determinant of Governance Form in International Strategic Combinations," Journal of High Technology Management Research, Vol.9, pp..35-53.
    Murphy,James T.,(2002),”Networks, Trust, and Innovation in Tanzania’s Manufacturing Sector”,World Development, Vol. 30(4), pp.. 591–619.
    http://www.santafe.edu 。
    Mutti, A. ,(1990),”The role of trust in political exchange. In Bernd Marin (Ed.), Generalized political exchange: Antagonistic cooperation and policy pursuits (pp.. 199–214). Boulder: Westview Press.
    Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S. G.,(1982),” An evolutionary theory of economic change”, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
    Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H., (1995),” The Knowledge-Creating Company”, New York:Oxford University Press.
    Nonaka, I., (1994), "A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation," Organization Science, Vol.5, pp..14-37.
    Ongile, G., & McCormick, D.,(1996),”Barriers to small firm growth: evidence from Nairobi’s garment industry. In D. McCormick, & P. Pedersen (Eds.).
    Pisano, G. P. , (1990), "The R&D boundaries of the firm: An empirical analysis", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35, pp..153-176.
    Polanyi, K. ,(1971),"The Economy as Instituted Process.",pp.. 243-70 in Trade and Market in the Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory, edited by Karl Polanyi, Conrad Arensberg, and Harry Pearson. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co.
    Polanyi, M. ,(1962),” Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-critical Philosophy”,New York: Harper Torch Books.
    Powell, W. W., (1990),”Neither market or hierarchy: network forms of organization”,Research in Organizational Behavior,Vol.12,pp..295–336.
    Prahalad, C. K.,& Hamel, G.,(1990),"The Core Competence of the Corporation", Harvard Business Review, Vol.68, pp..79-91.
    Barab`asi, A.-L., Albert, R.& Jeong, H., (1999),” Scale-free Characteristics of Random Networks: The Topology of the World wide Web, In Preprint submitted to Elsevier Preprint,. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/article/barabasi99scalefree.html
    Provan,K. G.,(1984),”Technology and Interoroanizational Activity as Predictors of Client Referrals”,Academy of Management Journal ,Vol. 27(4),pp..811-829.
    Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
    Rabellotti, R., (1998),” Collective effects in Italian and Mexican footwear industrial clusters”, Small Business Economics, Vol.10, pp..243–262.
    Robinson,R.D.,(1988),"The international transfer of technology:theory,issues,and practice," Ballinger Publishing Company
    Roger, E. M., (1972),"Key concepts and models", Introducing Technological Change for Economic Growth and Development, Michigan State University Press,pp..85-101.
    Rogers, E. M. (1995), Diffusion of Innovation. 4th ed. New york: The Free Press.
    Sabel, C.,(1991), "Moebius-Strip Organizations and Open Labor Markets: Some Consequences of the Reintegration of Conception and Execution in a Volatile Economy." pp..23-54 in Pierre Bourdieu and James Coleman (eds.) Social Theory for a Changing Society. Boulder (Colo.): Westview Press.
    Samli, A. C., (1985),"Technology transfer: The general model", Technology-Geographic, Economic, Cultural and Technical Dimension, Quorum Books, pp..3-16.
    Sanchez, R. & Manoney, J.T.,(1996),“Modularity, Flexibility, and Knowledge Management in Product and Organization Design”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, PP..63-76.
    Saxenian,A.L.,(1994),”Regional Advantage :Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 Cambridge”,MA:Harvard University Press.
    http://www.swarm.org/wiki/Main_Page
    Schuster, S., Dandekar, T. & Fell, D. A.,(1999),” Detection of elementary flux modes in biochemical networks: a promising tool for pathway analysis and metabolic engineering”, Trends in Biotechnology,Vol. 17,pp.. 53-60.
    Description: 博士
    國立政治大學
    科技管理研究所
    90359502
    94
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0903595022
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[科技管理研究所] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File SizeFormat
    index.html0KbHTML2456View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback