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    Title: 俄國二十世紀20-30年代文本的宗教意識研究
    Authors: 賴盈銓
    Lai, Ying-Chuan
    Keywords: 精神寫實主義;社會主義寫實主義;「新中古世紀」;福音教導文本;New Middle Age;evangelistic text;socialistic realism;spiritual realism
    Date: 2005-06
    Issue Date: 2008-12-29 14:24:08 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文擬探討社會文化劇烈變遷時期的社會主義寫實文學及其「同路人」(布爾加科夫(М. Булгаков)的《大師與瑪格麗特》(Мастер и Маргарита)、普拉托諾夫(А. Платонов)的《切文古爾鎮》(Чевенгур))與僑民作家什米寥夫(И. Шмелёв)和札伊采夫(Б. Зайцев)創作中的宗教意識。 奧斯特洛夫斯基(Н. Островский)的《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》(Как закалялась сталь)作為社會主義寫實主義的代表作,其所體現的是社會主義革命新人的榜樣,是主要人物保羅.柯察金以整個生命參與革命及社會主義建設為最大生命價值與意義。福音書對布爾加科夫而言是故事神話化的題材,而不是主要思想,《大師與瑪格麗特》對讀者的影響應是正面觀照人性弱點與自我洗滌(катарсис),這應是布爾加科夫之福音書與正統福音書殊異之處。\\r 僑民作家什米寥夫及札伊采夫所寫有關懷念祖國生活、歷史及許多感時憂國的政論文字中,他想像中的俄羅斯是永恆的俄羅斯,是神聖的俄羅斯。對於「新中古世紀」的蘇聯時期,作者無論在海外創作或者在蘇聯土地上,都是不得其所。札伊采夫處於相當特殊的時空,在文字與情感都與整個教會生活和東正教世界觀結合在一起,體現了「神聖俄羅斯」的世界觀。 普拉托諾夫的《切文古爾鎮》的共產主義覆上東正教色彩,說明傳統就是生活的根基,無法完全拋棄。奧斯特洛夫斯基的社會主義寫實主義是利用東正教傳統的形式的假宗教,奧斯特洛夫斯基也追求「神聖性」,不過這種神聖性是以馬列唯物主義思想為基礎,犧牲自己改造全世界為共產主義社會(天堂)的神聖性,但卻棄絕傳統終究經不起時代的考驗,而成為歷史遺蹟,上述四種藝術文本各展現出不同形式的宗教意識。 作為文化轉型期之二十世紀20-30年代,俄國作家作品所呈現的主要是以無神論及東正教為兩極的宗教意識光譜。 This paper explores the religious mind of Soviet major works in an epoch of cultural transformation, i.e. 20-30 years of XX century. Our interest focuses upon N. Ostrovsky (exemplary writer of socialistic-realism) and the so-called “fellow travelers”: M. Bulgakov, A. Platonov together with emigrant writers, B. Zaitsev and I. Shemeliov) The positive hero in Ostrosky’s How Steel Was Tempered embodies the greatest value and significance of socialistic revolution and construction, which is used by the authorities and ideologist to replace the Orthodoxy. The utopianism of Platonov’s Chevengur in linguistic, ethic sense, deviates from the norms. Tragicomically, Chevengur is tinted with Christian idea. The Gospel is considered by M. Bulgakov as a source of mythology, not source of faith. But the impact of the Master and Margarita on the reader is rather mental, emotional than spiritual. B. Zaitsev and I. Shemeliov moved the ideal of “Holy Russia” back to the works. All of the writers mentioned above pursued their highest ideal of art, holiness in their own way.
    Relation: 俄語學報,9,98-122
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures] Periodical Articles
    [Journal of Russian Philology] Journal Articles

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