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    題名: 初育年齡對於生育懲罰的調節效果
    The Effects of the First-birth Timing on Motherhood Penalty
    作者: 林玫吟
    Lin, Mei-Yin
    貢獻者: 張峯彬
    Chang, Feng-Bin
    林玫吟
    Lin, Mei-Yin
    關鍵詞: 父職薪資溢酬
    母職薪資懲罰
    固定效應模型
    初育年齡
    Fatherhood Premium
    Motherhood Penalty
    Fixed-effects Model
    First-birth Timing
    日期: 2025
    上傳時間: 2025-09-01 16:59:48 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究旨在探討初育年齡對於不同性別在生育懲罰上的調節效果。本土研究已指出母親身分易使女性陷入低薪,但初育年齡在其中的作用仍不明。在理論方面,機會成本論主張,由於早期個人薪資成長曲線較平緩,因此早育帶來的薪資損失較低;人力資本論則指出,早育將減少個人在生育前所累積的人力資本,進而加劇薪資損失。本文運用2003–2022年家庭動態調查共15波資料,以固定效應模型分析男女在第一胎前後的薪資變化,以及初育年齡對於個人薪資表現的調節效果。結果顯示:在生育後,男性享有薪資溢酬,而女性則面臨薪資懲罰。進一步檢視初育年齡的影響則發現:早育讓男性失去生育溢酬,女性則需承受更嚴重的薪資懲罰;相對地,將初育年齡延至30歲後,男性多可見薪資增加,女性則多能避免薪資損失,此一結果符合人力資本論的預期。最後,進一步結合教育程度進行分析,發現:男性的薪資溢酬主要集中於晚育且具大學學歷者,而女性的薪資懲罰則主要出現於早育且具大學學歷者。
    Motherhood is associated with lower income; however, the extent to which the first-birth timing influences this penalty remains unclear in Taiwan. Guided by two perspectives—opportunity cost theory and human capital theory—this study examines how the first-birth timing shapes income trajectories. Opportunity cost theory posits that early childbearing may mitigate the motherhood penalty, whereas human capital theory argues that early childbearing leads to greater income losses. Using fixed-effects models and longitudinal data from the 2003–2022 Panel Study of Family Dynamics, this study analyzes monthly income trajectories before and after their first childbirth for men and women. Results reveal pronounced gender disparities: men typically receive the fatherhood premium, whereas women face the motherhood penalty. Early childbearing eliminates the premium for men and intensifies the penalty for women; postponing the first birth beyond age 30 is associated with income gains for men and the avoidance of losses for women, consistent with human capital theory. Educational attainment further stratifies these effects: the premium is concentrated among college-educated late fathers, while the penalty disproportionately affects college-educated early mothers.
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會學系
    108254010
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108254010
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[社會學系] 學位論文

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