| Abstract: | 定型化契約在現代交易中被廣泛使用，擬定定型化契約條款的一方，經常擬定有利於自己的契約條款，而他方當事人即便不同意定型化契約條款，通常只能選擇拒絕訂約，而無法藉由磋商來修改契約條款後再行訂約。為了避免契約自由被濫用，立法者已經分別在民法、保險法、消費者保護法以及金融消費者保護法中設置定型化契約條款內容控制的具體規定，明訂法院得以誠信原則來審查定型化契約條款的效力。在金融領域中的交易，包括銀行、證券、保險等，全係以定型化契約的方式進行。前述數個法律，也大多可以適用於金融保險的交易（消費者保護法對於投資性金融交易不適用）。但前述數個規定的形式上適用主體、客體以及規制標準，並不一致，在理論基礎上做整合研究的必要。而上述內容控制的規定中，最早的是1994年的消費者保護法，最晚的是2011年6月制定，同年12月30日開始施行的金融消費者保護法。各該法律施行至今，在銀行、保險、證券期貨等領域中實際運用的成果如何，有進一步整理、檢視的必要。本研究除了就現行法規定與理論基礎進行研究之外，並將研究大量的法院判決，希望能藉由案例把內容控制的標準類型化。德國的內容控制規範，從抽象到具體共有三個階層，但我國僅繼受其中的抽象規制一層。本研究擬再以案例分析結果為基礎，檢視我國將來有無必要在現有的抽象規制之外，增訂彈性規制與硬性規制的需求，以提升金融消費者的權益保護。
The adhesion contracts are widely used in modern transactions. One of the party who formulates the contractual clauses often makes the clauses in favor of himself. However, even if the other party disagree with the contractual terms, he can only choose to reject the offer instead of consulting and revising the contract terms by negotiation. In order to avoid the abuse of freedom of contract, legislators have set specific provisions on the judicial review of provisions in Civil Law, Insurance Law, Consumer Protection Law and Financial Consumer Protection Law, and clearly define the power of courts to censor the effectiveness of adhesion contracts with integrity principle.
Transactions in the financial sector, including banking, securities, insurance, etc., are all carried out in the pattern of adhesion contracts. Most of the aforementioned laws can also be applied to financial insurance transactions (Consumer Protection Law is not applied to securities and futures trading). However, the subject, object and regulatory standards of the above-mentioned provisions are inconsistent. It is necessary to do integrated research on the basis of theory. Among the above provisions of judicial review, the earliest is the Consumer Protection Act of 1994, and the latest is the Financial Consumer Protection Act, which was enacted in June 2011 and went into effect on December 30th of the same year. To this day, the results of actual application in the fields of banking, insurance, securities and futures, etc., are necessary for further consolidation and inspection.
In addition to studying the current statutes and theoretical foundations, this study will study further on a large number of judgements, hoping to classify the standards of judicial review of provisions by case study. Comparing to Germany's judicial review of provisions, which consists of three layers and ranges from abstract to concrete, there is only one layer of abstract regulation in our country after the reception of Germany laws. This study will be based on the results of case study, and further examine whether it is necessary for us to draw up flexible and rigid regulations beyond the existing abstract regulations. |
