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https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/157146
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| Title: | 跨生命週期的動態語言理解神經補償機制—自然閱讀的年齡差異：以眼動凝視為事件關聯的超快速功能性大腦造影研究
Age Differences in Natural Reading: Studies of Eye Fixation-Related and Ultra-Fast Functional Brain Imaging |
| Authors: | 蔡介立;林發暄 |
| Contributors: | 心理系 |
| Keywords: | 凝視關聯功能性磁振造影;自然閱讀;年齡差異
fixation-related fMRI;natural reading;age differences |
| Date: | 2019-10 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-05-28 14:07:19 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本計畫旨在透過結合眼球凝視的空間位置與時間資訊，來探討自然閱讀時大腦皮質的語言處理歷程。自然閱讀時，需同時協調視覺、注意力、眼動等運作機制，以完成閱讀的語言處理；透過結合眼動儀與磁振造影儀同時紀錄的方式，可測量在自然閱讀時的大腦反應，並同時紀錄不同時間點的眼睛凝視位置和文字，以及凝視發生的時間點。除了結合眼動儀與磁振造影，我們將使用同步多截面的核磁共振逆影像（simultaneous-multi-slice inverse imaging, SMS-InI）技術來執行100 毫秒的全腦快速掃描，此獨特取向使得將長度通常僅約三分之一秒的凝視時間與大腦的動態歷程的結合成為可行的方法。第一年將檢視在閱讀中文文句語料和故事體文章時，字的視覺複雜度、頻率與可預測性等屬性和大腦處理視覺、詞彙與脈絡的大腦神經關聯部位。第一年的計畫有三個目標，首先，利用凝視關聯功能性造影和眼動指標測量閱讀句子中各詞彙的大腦活動與眼動表現，將與過去使用單一字詞呈現的研究結果比較其異同；第二，利用與不同閱讀階段有關的眼動指標，來區分詞彙處理的大腦活動時序變化。例如，根據可反應早期和晚期階段的眼動指標，區分兩者在詞預測力的大腦活動，將能呈現不同處理階段的時序差異；第三，以前後文連貫的故事體文章為材料，進一步探討語境脈絡與閱讀策略在自然閱讀下的大腦活動變化，探討在閱讀篇章的不同眼動回視表現，所呈現的閱讀策略及對應的大腦神經活動。第二年將探討老年讀者閱讀句子和篇章時，不同詞彙特性、語境脈絡、及閱讀策略對應的大腦神經活動和眼動表現，將採用和第一年相同的實驗材料，探討大腦處理局部詞彙及整體脈絡的年齡異同。特別是在閱讀篇章時需要運用其他認知資源，預期老年讀者的大腦活動變化與其認知能力的關係會較成年讀者來的強。第三年的實驗將進一步探討閱讀不同困難度的說明文時，對成年和老年讀者運用閱讀策略的影響及其大腦活動機制。本研究計畫所進行的自然閱讀實驗，其特性可探討與老化有關的認知能力變化所呈現的低效能或補償性的神經機制，並聚焦於詞彙處理、文本理解、及閱讀策略相關的年齡差異；我們運用凝視關連及快速功能性造影的技術，發揮並整合不同工具的優點與資料特性，以探討閱讀時空間與時間動態的大腦運作機制，而自然閱讀在眼動與大腦反應的年齡差異，將釐清老化的重要認知與神經機制。
This project aims at investigating the cortical processing of language that synchronizes with the spatial and temporal features of eye fixations while reading natural text. Natural reading requires visual, attentional, and oculomotor processes to coordinate with linguistic processing of reading sentences. Simultaneous recording of eye movements and fMRI open up the possibility to examine the brain responses in natural reading, registering word location and fixation onset time that the eyes are looking at. The proposed experiments in this project will use the innovative integration of the eye-brain recording methods and implement the simultaneous-multi-slice inverse imaging (SMS-InI) to perform the fast whole brain scanning within 100 msec. The new approach provides a perfect opportunity for this project to show brain dynamic coinciding with eye fixation that usually lasts for one-third second in natural reading. In the first year, visual complexity, frequency, and predictability of words will be examined for the neural correlates of visual, lexical, and contextual processing in the reading of a Chinese sentence corpus and a narrative story. There are three main goals. First, fixation-related fMRI and eye movement measures on words which are embedded in sentences will be verified with the existing neural evidence using single word presentation. Second, the time course of neural mechanisms of the word effects will be examined using the eye movement measures referring difference reading stages. For example, the corresponding neural correlates of different sources of the word predictability effect could be differentiate by the brain responses when fixations occur at forward and regressive saccades. Third, the contextual processing and the role of reading strategy are investigated when reading a narrative story. The neural activations for different patterns of regressive looking will be examined to show the neural mechanism of reading strategy. In the second year, the lexical and contextual effects, as well as reading strategy, will be investigated when old adults are reading the sentence corpus and the connected text. Age differences in the brain responses for local word and global contextual processing will be contrasted. The extra requirements of cognitive efforts when reading a narrative story would show the stronger influence linking to the cognitive abilities of old adults than that of young adults. The third year experiments will further examine the influence of text difficulty on reading strategy for both young and old adults reading expository text. The inefficient or compensating neural mechanisms due to the developmental change of different cognitive abilities can be revealed in these natural reading experiments. The age-differential mechanisms of lexical processing, text comprehension, and reading strategy correlated with the cognitive profiles will be addressed. This project takes the unique approach of fixation-related and ultra-fast imaging technology to reveal the temporal-spatial dynamic nature of cognitive processes in reading. Aging differences of eye and brain responses in natural reading can further shed the lights on the cognitive and neural mechanisms crucial for the aging research. |
| Relation: | 科技部, MOST106-2420-H004-009-MY2, 106.01-107.12 |
| Data Type: | report |
| Appears in Collections: | [心理學系] 國科會研究計畫
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