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| Title: | 歐盟《數位市場法》之貿易問題與WTO適法性之研究
A Study on the Trade Issues and WTO Legality Regarding the EU Digital Markets Act |
| Authors: | 蔡汶憲
Tsai, Wun-Sian |
| Contributors: | 楊培侃
Yang, Pei-Kan
蔡汶憲
Tsai, Wun-Sian |
| Keywords: | 歐盟數位市場法
數位經濟
數位保護主義
WTO爭端解決
區域貿易協定
Digital Markets Act (DMA)
Digital Economy
Digital Protectionism
WTO Dispute Settlement
Regional Trade Agreement |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-05-02 15:07:25 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 隨著數位經濟的蓬勃發展，數位平台的商業活動改變全球貿易的結構。在各國政府關注本土企業於數位經濟環境下的競爭力之下，開始紛紛出現為保護本土企業發展的作為，以削弱外國大型科技企業的市場優勢。歐盟以監管的方式作為切入點，制定《數位市場法（DMA）》針對部分大型科技企業施加嚴格義務，以回應歐盟境內在數位經濟環境下缺乏競爭力之現況。
本文首先聚焦在歐盟DMA之措施在世界貿易組織（WTO）下的適法性問題，類型化分析DMA下的各項規範，並列舉出其中可能引發貿易關切之措施—對於守門人之標準與程序性措施、實質規範下對於使用者資料之保護與隱私措施與有效競爭措施。接著，續評估各項措施是否符合《服務貿易總協定（GATS）》以及一般例外條款下正當化的可能。本文認為，DMA下的各類型措施可能違反GATS下之不歧視原則，並難以援引GATS第XIV條的例外進行抗辯。然而，在現行的多邊架構下仍存在司法性問題，數位經濟下保護措施問題仍無法妥善解決，也反應了現行WTO的貿易規則難以應對當前之貿易挑戰。
在此背景下，本文進一步討論諸多國家所採取的新興貿易規範途徑，探討區域貿易協定下各國對數位貿易的規範發展，以及在WTO下的部分會員集思廣益所欲採取的複邊途徑，是否可作為因應數位經濟下保護措施問題的有效途徑。最後，本文得出，區域貿易協定的做法可能是現階段較為理想的解決方案，然其並非盡善盡美。以WTO為首的多邊貿易體系仍有其重要性，其固然在貿易規範上有賴改革的推動，更需與數位貿易相關的談判與合作，但在全球數位經濟發展下，其仍可為國際貿易環境帶來穩定性的基礎，推動自由貿易與維護公平競爭之目標。
With the rapid development of the digital economy, commercial activities conducted through digital platforms have profoundly transformed the structure of global trade. As governments increasingly focus on strengthening the competitiveness of domestic small and medium sized enterprises in the digital economy, actions have been taken to protect the local industry by weakening the market advantages of large digital companies. The European Union (EU) has taken a regulatory approach by introducing the Digital Markets Act (DMA) to address this lack of competitiveness within the EU’s digital economy.
This study examines the legality of the DMA measures under the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework. It categorizes the different provisions under the DMA and identifies measures that may raise potential trade concerns. Subsequently, this study evaluates whether these measures have the legal compatibility under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and its general exceptions. Although certain DMA measures may be found inconsistent with GATS non-discrimination principles and could face challenges in justifying them with Article XIV of GATS, the existing multilateral framework lacks a clear legal mechanism to comprehensively address protectionist measures in the digital economy.
This study further explores the emerging international regulatory trends, particularly within regional trade agreements (RTAs) and plurilateral initiatives under the WTO, to examine whether these developments can serve as viable solutions to address the protectionist conundrums. Finally, the findings suggest that RTAs may provide a more practical short-term solution to the current digital protectionism; however, the WTO multilateral framework remains unequivocally crucial despite its current challenges. While reforms and enhanced cooperation on digital trade are indispensable, the WTO framework is still the essential foundation to propel the international trade environment toward free trade and fair competition in the digital economy. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
111351046 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111351046 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文
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