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    Title: 赴陸臺商之投資背景與回流原因探究
    Research on the Investment Background and Homecoming Reasons of Taiwanese Companies in Mainland China
    Authors: 王俐潔
    Wang, Li-Jie
    Contributors: 彭立忠
    王俐潔
    Wang, Li-Jie
    Keywords: 臺灣企業
    對外投資
    產業發展
    回流
    個案研究
    Taiwanese enterprise
    Foreign Direct Investment
    Industry development
    Reshoring
    Case study
    Date: 2025
    Issue Date: 2025-03-03 15:36:18 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 赴投資為臺灣經濟的重要支柱之一,有哪些因素影響了企業的赴陸投資與回流歷程。本文以比較分析法與訪談法作為研究途徑,旨在探討臺商赴中國大陸的投資背景及其回流臺灣的原因。
    首先以解嚴後的歷任總統執政時期的產業政策、總體政治經濟環境與企業內部特性等資料進行比較分析。其次,本研究選取紡織業與電子業的若干臺商進行質性訪談,除了分析個案,亦使用Benstead等人的回流架構對訪談結果進行分析,以驅動、實施與權變因素,解釋紡織業與電子業回流臺灣的原因與差異。
    本文發現,臺商赴陸投資與回流的原因,依產業區分有很大的差異。紡織業因生產成本優勢赴陸投資,回流雖然有驅動因素,但臺灣的條件卻不足以使企業實施回流。電子因政策開放赴陸投資,受當地低廉生產成本、完整供應鏈與人力素質吸引,直到美中貿易戰作為驅動電子業回流的關鍵時機點而實施回流。
    此外,本文也發現,對臺商而言,產業特性與產品性質屬於企業做出回流決策的權變因素,而政府政策和鄉土情感則並非企業回流的重要權變因素。
    Investment in Mainland China is one of the key pillars of Taiwan's economy. Different factors influence the process of Taiwanese enterprises investing in Mainland China and their subsequent reshoring. This study adopts a comparative analysis and interview-based research approach to explore the background of Taiwanese business investment in Mainland China and the reasons for their return to Taiwan.
    First, a comparative analysis is conducted on the industrial policies, macro political and economic environment, and firm-specific characteristics across different presidential administrations since the lifting of martial law. Second, this study selects several Taiwanese businesses from the textile and electronics industries for qualitative interviews. In addition to case analysis, the interview results are examined using Benstead, Stevenson and Hendry’s reshoring framework, which categorizes factors into drivers, implementation, and contingency factors to explain the reasons and differences behind reshoring in the textile and electronics industries.
    The reasons for investing in Mainland China and reshoring to Taiwan vary by industry. The textile industry initially invested in Mainland China due to cost advantages. While there were drivers for reshoring, Taiwan's conditions were insufficient to facilitate the implementation of reshoring. The electronics industry, on the other hand, invested in Mainland China due to policy liberalization and was attracted by lower production costs, a well-established supply chain, and a skilled workforce. However, the U.S.-China trade war became the tipping point for the electronics industry to implement reshoring.
    Additionally, the study finds that, for Taiwanese businesses, company related factor and product related factor serve as key contingency factors in reshoring decisions, while government policies and native feelings factors are not significant contingency factors influencing their reshoring.
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