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    題名: 精神疾病犯罪者之刑事處遇研究—以美國精神衛生法庭為中心
    Criminal Treatment of Offenders with Mental Illness: Focusing on Mental Health Courts in the United States
    作者: 張晉嘉
    Chang, Chin-Chia
    貢獻者: 何賴傑
    He, Lai-Jie
    張晉嘉
    Chang, Chin-Chia
    關鍵詞: 刑事處遇
    精神疾病犯罪
    精神抗辯
    司法精神鑑定
    暫行安置
    精神衛生法庭
    問題解決法庭
    專業法庭
    專家參與
    單獨宣告保安處分
    日期: 2024
    上傳時間: 2025-03-03 13:40:57 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 精神疾病之影響從個人滲透至社會,深切作用於現代醫療、公共衛生、司法、矯正和其他社會功能。於2022年1月,我國修法通過「暫行安置」制度,觀本次修法歷程,與近年多起精神疾患重大刑事案件關連甚密,被告以精神疾病抗辯成為法庭攻防之焦點。面對難以羈押或預防性羈押之被告,於刑事程序中該如何對待?應如何保障公益和預防再犯?應否將治療處遇提前至判決尚未確定之階段?綜觀我國現有精神疾病犯罪者之處遇制度,除新法增訂之暫行安置外,其餘處遇選項如羈押處分、預防性羈押處分、緊急監護處分、強制社區治療處分、緊急安置及強制住院治療處分,皆有各自之不足。
    是以,本文藉由美國法制之分析,爬梳瞭解有關問題解決法庭(Problem-Solving Courts, PSCs)和精神衛生法庭(Mental Health Courts, MHCs)制度之過去緣起、運作現況乃至未來展望,吸納其經驗和優勢,以處理我國制度未臻完善之處,如:難以納入醫療目的、適用要件矛盾不明確、缺乏專家參與機制、缺乏及時反應機制、缺乏結構化司法監督機制等。
    於精神疾病犯罪者之刑事處遇,本文以專業法庭模式建構我國精神衛生法庭制度,構想藍圖上,納入篩查程序和及時反應機制、擴大專家參與、強調風險—需求評估、個人化醫療方案和個人化條款、透過單獨宣告保安處分補足強制處分之侷限性、運用層級化案件管理結構實踐司法監督等,填補現行制度之規範不足,適當應對精神疾病犯罪者並完善司法需求。
    參考文獻: 壹、中文文獻
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    11.曾念生(監修),徐翊健、高廉程、張杰、葉大全、黃郁絜、黃鈺蘋、鄒長志、趙培竣、劉佑閿(譯),DSM-5精神疾病診斷與統計(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5)5e),合記出版,2018年1月。
    12.臺灣精神醫學會(譯),DSM-5精神疾病診斷準則手冊(修訂版)(Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-5),合記出版,2014年1月。
    二、期刊論文(依作者姓氏筆畫排序)
    1.王俸鋼,從精神醫學和法學角度看責任能力之鑑定,檢察新論,第23期,2018年2月,頁50-63。
    2.朱春林,精神疾病診斷與統計手冊第五版的關鍵改變及其意涵,輔導季刊,第50卷第4期,2014年12月,頁2-16。
    3.吳文正,由治療性司法觀點探討以精神衛生法庭整合刑事司法與精神衛生二大體系,全國律師,第15卷第5期,2011年5月,頁22-25。
    4.吳巡龍,鑑定與專家證人,臺灣法學雜誌,第153期,2010年6月,頁136-140。
    5.吳忻穎、林晉佑,責任能力調查與監護處分執行現況之探討,矯政期刊,第9卷第1期,2020年1月,頁75-83。
    6.吳建昌、劉靜婷,刑事司法精神鑑定之挑戰與期待,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,第51卷第4期,2022年12月,頁1685-1720。
    7.李榮耕,具保及羈押,月旦法學教室,第146期,2014年12月,頁60-61。
    8.李錫棟,精神障礙犯罪者處遇模式之法制-兼論暫時性安置,中央警察大學法學論集,第43期,2022年10月,頁84-88。
    9.周筱真、連盈如、高譽誠,精神疾病患者之自我污名、家庭功能與心理福祉之關係,中華心理衛生學刊,第28卷第1期,2015年3月,頁135-165。
    10.林志潔,論美國法上犯罪主觀要件與精神障礙心智缺陷抗辯:Clark v. Arizona案之判決評析,歐美研究,第39卷第4期,2009年12月,頁615-670。
    11.林明鏘,由防止危害到危險預防:由德國警察任務與權限之嬗變檢討我國之警察法制,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,第39卷第4期,2010年12月,頁167-175。
    12.林映姿、李超偉、周芳怡,監護處分與暫行安置制度之修法意旨與歷程系列二,法務通訊,第3095期,2022年2月,頁3-5。
    13.林順昌,美國性罪犯處遇綜覽(一),法務通訊,第2575期,2011年12月,頁3。
    14.林詩韻、黃聿斐、沈伯洋,受監護處分男性精神疾病犯罪者再犯分析,刑事政策與犯罪防治研究專刊,第25期,2020年8月,頁193-196。
    15.林鈺雄,撤銷羈押、停止羈押及其替代措施,月旦法學教室,第216期,2020年10月,頁20-23。
    16.林鈺雄,德國刑訴逐條釋義(下)──羈押及暫時逮捕(§§ 112 ff. StPO),月旦刑事法評論,第9期,2018年6月,頁104。
    17.林鈺雄,檢察官的掘墓人?—綜評四組最高法院爭議裁判,月旦法學雜誌,第207期,2012年7月,頁75-80。
    18.林輝煌,論刑法上「心神喪失」免責之抗辯(上)美國法制之參酌,臺灣法學雜誌,第85期,2006年7月,頁25-47。
    19.林輝煌,論刑法上「心神喪失」免責之抗辯(下)美國法制之參酌,臺灣法學雜誌,第85期,2006年8月,頁5-23。
    20.凃裕斗,專家證據於現行司法實務中運用之難題與制度未來之芻議(下),司法周刊,第1911期,2018年7月,頁2-3。
    21.施源欽,社區警政推展的實務與爭論:以台東縣警察局為例,日新司法期刊,第6期,2006年1月,頁235-238。
    22.范碧玉、賴淑芬、張晏晏、薛德興、莊孟嫻,我國疾病分類系統採用ICD-10-CM/PCS的重要因素及推動策略探討,病歷資訊管理期刊,第12卷第2期,2013年12月,頁47-68。
    23.唐宜楨、吳慧菁,精神疾患污名化與去污名化之初探,身心障礙研究季刊, 第6卷第3期,2008年9月,頁175-196。
    24.高鳳仙,論我國鑑定制度與美國專家證人制度在醫療事件之角色扮演(上),萬國法律,第129期,2003年6月,頁65。
    25.張麗卿,2022年精神障礙觸法者新制之法規範與實務,月旦法學雜誌,第328期,2022年9月,頁93-95。
    26.連孟琦,從德國法角度評析我國二○二二年刑事訴訟暫行安置新法,政大法學評論,第173期,2023年6月,頁227-292。
    27.陳志軒、王盈婷、徐畢卿,專業人員的反省-疾病烙印的自我覺察,護理雜誌,第64卷第3期,2017年6月,頁2-18。
    28.陳麗華,ICD-10簡介及在台灣之推廣:Briefing & Promoting ICD-10 in Taiwan,醫療爭議審議報導,系列37,第12卷第6期,2008年11月,頁10-21。
    29.彭幸鳴、施育傑,暫行安置的解釋與適用──逐條註釋與若干法律問題探討,司法周刊,第2100期,2022年4月,頁2-5。
    30.曾淑瑜,精神障礙者犯罪處遇制度之研究,刑事政策與犯罪研究論文集,第8期,2005年11月,頁68。
    31.湯文章,私請鑑定報告可否作為判決之證據?,月旦醫事法報告,第70期,2022年8月,頁40-46。
    32.湯文章,精神醫療鑑定與刑事審判--以現行鑑定制度的缺失為中心,真理財經法學,第17期,2016年9月,頁37-94。
    33.鈕文英,美國精神醫學協會《心理異常診斷與統計手冊》第五版之修訂內涵,中華民國特殊教育學會年刊,第2013期,2013年12月,頁1-14。
    34.楊廼軒,論美國法精神障礙抗辯的新發展:以Kahler v. Kansas案為核心,歐美研究,第52卷第3期,2022年9月,頁505-547。
    35.楊雲驊,向左走,向右走?被告自請鑑定之證據能力──評最高法院97年度台上字第1629號判決、97年度台上字第1846號判決、99年度台上字第2618號判決,第六屆學術與實務對話──辯護與傳聞──最高法院99/100年度刑事裁判評釋學術研討會,2011年5月,頁1-11。
    36.楊雲驊,妥適處理精神疾病被告的修法方向,月旦醫事法報告,第63期,2022年1月,頁140-142。
    37.楊雲驊,審判羈押與防止被告逃亡,月旦法學雜誌,第257期,2016年10月,頁174-176。
    38.廖建瑜,簡評刑事訴訟法鑑定新制,月旦裁判時報,第140期,2024年2月,頁88-92。
    39.廖福特,無罪推定之權利――三角法律論證,收錄於:李建良,憲政主義與人權理論的移植與深耕:憲法解釋之理論與實務,第9輯,2017年4月,頁517-536。
    40.劉邦揚,隔絕或復歸?淺介美國精神健康法庭制度,刑事政策與犯罪防治研究專刊,第18期,2018年9月,頁48。
    41.劉芳伶,拘捕前置原則之意義、機能與效力,臺灣法學雜誌,第330期,2017年10月,頁137-145。
    42.鄧煌發,當代社區處遇措施之探討,刑事政策與犯罪研究論文集,第5期,2002年10月,頁23-30。
    43.賴擁連、駱姿螢,美國精神疾病犯罪者司法處遇之介紹與借鏡──美國精神衛生法庭之探究,刑事政策與犯罪防治研究專刊,第28期,2021年6月,頁251-282。
    44.謝煜偉,重新檢視死刑的應報意義,中研院法學期刊,第15期,2014年9月,頁141-178。
    45.韓政道,專家證人於我國司法實務運用之容許性-以刑事醫療訴訟實踐為中心,月旦醫事法報告,第81期,2023年7月,頁42-63。
    46.魏大喨,法定法官原則保障範圍與密度-以最高法院民事更審案件分案規則作說明,司法周刊,第1955期,2019年6月,頁2-3。
    47.蘇凱平,2018年刑事程序法回顧:刑事被告憲法上防禦權的新篇章,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,第48卷特刊,2019年11月,頁1722-1724。
    三、學位論文(依作者姓氏筆畫排序)
    1.王彥涵,社會連帶裡的法意識:受職場性騷擾護理師的能動主體,國立政治大學法律科際整合研究所碩士論文,2022年8月。
    2.王祝瑀,預防性羈押制度之研究,中國文化大學法律學系碩士論文,2023年1月。
    3.林奕崴,暫行安置處分之研究――以德國法為中心,國立臺灣大學法律學系碩士論文,2023年6月。
    4.林致遠,專家證人制度之研究-以英美法及我國商業事件審理法為中心,國立政治大學法律學系碩士論文,2021年6月。
    5.林琬珊,論罪刑法定主義之社會機能—一個法律權力的反抗性論述,國立臺灣大學法律學系碩士論文,2008年7月。
    四、網路文獻(依筆畫排序)
    1.王顏和(譯),國際機能、失能和健康分類:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health,衛生署(今衛生福利部)委託「國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統-兒童與青少年版推動計畫」(編號:99M4073),未出版,https://www.pmr.org.tw/files/papers/ICF.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    2.司法院,協力打造專家參審法庭保障嚴重病人權益「司法院精神衛生法專家參審制度推動工作小組」召開第1次會議,2023年8月,https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1887-927638-5b27f-1.html (最後瀏覽日:22025年01月18日)。
    3.司法院,首場「精神衛生法專家參審模擬法庭」高雄少年及家事法院:藉演練累積經驗、完善制度,2023年12月,https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1003011-91cb1-1.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    4.司法院,強化社會安全網避免漏接 保障精神疾患觸法者人權 立法院三讀通過司法院提出「暫行安置」修正草案,新聞稿:https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1887-581247-8b5b1-1.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    5.司法院,強化社會安全網避免漏接、保障精神疾患觸法者人權、立法院三讀通過司法院提出「暫行安置」修正草案,司法院刑事廳,2022年1月,新聞稿:https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1887-581247-8b5b1-1.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    6.司法院,強化精神障礙者犯罪之社會安全網兼顧人權與個案妥適性,司法院刑事廳,2020年12月,新聞稿:https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1887-347860-81207-1.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    7.司法院,臺灣臺中地方法院舉辦精神衛生法專家參審模擬法庭活動新聞稿,臺中地方法院,2024年3月,https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1053505-fba92-1.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    8.司法院,臺灣臺北地方法院舉辦精神衛生法專家參審模擬法庭重視醫病關係,廣納各界意見新聞稿,臺北地方法院,2024年4月,https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-1073653-9d0d3-1.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    9.立法院,中華民國刑法修正第八十七條及第九十八條條文、刑事訴訟法增訂第十章之一章名及第一百二十一條之一至第一百二十一條之六條文;並修正第三百十六條及第四百八十一條條文、保安處分執行法增訂第四十六條之一、第四十六條之二及第四十六條之三條文;刪除第四十七條條文;並修正第四十六條及第七十一條條文、法院組織法修正第十四條之一及第一百十五條條文,法制局,重要通過法案,2022年2月,https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/TopicList.aspx?nodeid=33324&idx=15 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    10.立法院,保安處分執行法增訂第四十六條之一、第四十六條之二及第四十六條之三條文;刪除第四十七條條文;並修正第四十六條及第七十一條條文,法制局,重要通過法案,2022年4月,https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=33324&pid=217196 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    11.立法院,修正精神衛生法,法制局,重要通過法案,https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=33324&pid=225746 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    12.立法院公報111卷032期5003號一冊,院會紀錄,2022年1月,https://ppg.ly.gov.tw/ppg/publications/official-gazettes/111/32/01/details (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    13.吳欣宜,我國設置專業法院(庭)之沿革及檢討,立法院研究成果議題研析,2020年2月,https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=6590&pid=191716 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    14.汪怡君,自由共和國,因精神疾患而犯罪者亟需緊急監護制度的協助,言論,2021年10月,https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1479049 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    15.周月清、張宗傑、鄭佩淳,CRPD/障礙者觀點─「去機構化」不應該被簡約解釋為「關掉機構」,風傳媒,https://www.storm.mg/article/4462479?page=1 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    16.侯柏青,「啞鈴殺父」該判多久?律師講故事盼「理解思覺失調」、檢方推「回歸計畫」,太報,2023年12月,https://reurl.cc/ez9ENm (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    17.胡正初,新店男「啞鈴弒父」堅稱被魔神仔附身!69歲母淚眼求情…國民法官最終判12年,風傳媒,2023年12月,https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/4950189 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    18.設置司法精神病院的必要性,臺灣高等檢察署,2020年9月,https://www.tph.moj.gov.tw/4421/4475/632364/807706/post (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    19.連孟琦,精障緊急監護,改「暫行安置」也要重建架構,雲論,2021年10月,https://forum.ettoday.net/news/2108828 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    20.黃致豪Leon Huang、Nigel Eastman、Tim Green、Richard Latham、Marc Lyall,臺灣死刑案件司法精神鑑定實務手冊,The Death Penalty Project、Forensic Psychiatry Chambers、臺灣廢除死刑推動聯盟,2015年,頁43-46,https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Chinese-version-Handbook-of-Forensic-Psychiatric-Practice-for-Capital-Cases-in-Taiwan.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    21.楊雲驊,建「暫時安置」制度收容精障被告,預防公共危害,雲論,2021年10月,https://forum.ettoday.net/news/2102016 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    22.楊雲驊,海納百川,精神病患「暫時安置」制度亟待建立,言論,2021年10月,https://www.chinatimes.com/opinion/20211013004690-262110?chdtv (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    23.臺灣新北地方法院,法官專業法庭,https://pcd.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-361-2553-05d58-161.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    24.潘怡宏,精障緊急監護,參考德語系國家「暫時安置」完善刑訴,雲論,2021年10月,https://forum.ettoday.net/news/2104744#ixzz7JvlQgYeu (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    25.衛生福利部心理健康司,精神衛生法及子法規,https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/domhaoh/lp-425-107.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    26.衛生福利部委託國立臺灣大學醫學院附設醫院精神醫學部,心理衛生專輯(01)認識精神疾病,第1版,2015年6月,https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/domhaoh/cp-428-1360-107.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    27.衛生福利部統計處,衛生公務統計一覽表,1.3精神醫療資源現況,https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/dos/cp-5301-62356-113.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    28.衛生福利部統計處,衛生公務統計一覽表,1.3精神醫療資源現況,https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/dos/cp-5301-62356-113.html (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。
    29.難敵鄰避效應…司法精神病院開幕延期 司法精神病床迄今僅設30床,聯合報,2024年2月,https://udn.com/news/story/7266/7790275 (最後瀏覽日:2025年01月18日)。

    貳、外文文獻
    一、專書(依作者姓氏字母排列)
    1.American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), (2013).
    2.American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), (2022).
    3.American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Foutrth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-4-TR), (2000).
    4.Greg Berman, John Feinblatt, Sarah Glazer, Good Courts: The Case for Problem-Solving Justice, The New Press, (2005).
    5.Löwe/Rosenberg, Die Strafprozessordnung und das Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz (StPO), Band 4/1: §§ 112-136a, 27., neu bearbeitete Auflage, De Gruyter, § 126a Rn. 20 (2019).
    6.Ojmarrh Mitchell, Drug and other specialty courts, The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice, (2011).
    7.Schöch in: Leipziger Kommentar, Strafgesetzbuch (StGB), 13., neu bearbeitete Auflage, De Gruyter, vor § 61 Rn. 29ff (2007).
    8.Shelby Arnold, Alice Thornewill, Kirk Heilbrun, David DeMatteo, Problem-solving courts and the criminal justice system, Oxford University Press, (2019).
    9.Shelby Arnold, Alice Thornewill, Kirk Heilbrun, David DeMatteo, Rehabilitative Justice: Problem-Solving Courts, The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Law, (2023).
    二、期刊論文(依作者姓氏字母排列)
    1.Aikaterini Mentzou, Natasha Mutebi, Policy briefing: problem-solving courts, 700 POSTnote, 2-10 (2023).
    2.Allison D. Redlich, Henry J. Steadman, John Monahan, John Petrila, Patricia A. Griffin, The Second Generation of Mental Health Courts, 11(4) Psychology Public Policy and Law, (2005).
    3.Amy Blank Wilson, Jeffrey Draine, Trevor Hadley, Stacey Barrenger, Arthur Evans, Examining the impact of mental illness and substance use on recidivism in a county jail, 34(4) Int J. Law Psychiatry, (2011).
    4.Angela J. Thielo, Francis T. Cullen, Alexander L. Burton, Melissa M. Moon, Velmer S. Burton, Jr, Prisons or Problem-Solving: Does the Public Support Specialty Courts?, 14 Victims & Offenders, (2019).
    5.Annette Christy, Roger Boothroyd, Norman G. Poythress, Rhonda Ort, John Petrila, Lessons from the Broward County mental health court evaluation, 25(2) Evaluation and Program Planning, (2002).
    6.Anthony W. Flores, Kristin Bechtel, Christopher T. Lowenkamp, False Positives, False Negatives, and False Analyses: A Rejoinder to “Machine Bias: There’s Software Used Across the Country to Predict Future Criminals. And It’s Biased Against Blacks.”, 80(2) Federal Probation Journal, (2016).
    7.Arthur J. Lurigio, Dan A. Lewis, The criminal mental patient: A descriptive analysis and suggestions for future research, 14(3) Criminal Justice and Behavior, (1987).
    8.Athanasios Douzenis, The importance of the patients deemed not guilty by reason of insanity for the psychiatric reform, 27(3) Psychiatriki, (2016).
    9.Benjamin H. Han, Brie A. Williams, Joseph J. Palamar, Medical Multimorbidity, Mental Illness, and Substance Use Disorder among Middle-Aged and Older Justice-Involved Adults in the USA, 2015-2018, 36(5) J. Gen. Intern. Med, (2021).
    10.Bernard E. Harcourt, From the asylum to the prison: rethinking the incarceration revolution, 84 Tex. L. Rev., (2005).
    11.Bruce J. Winick, Therapeutic jurisprudence and problem solving courts, 30(3) Fordham Urban Law Review, (2003).
    12.Carol Fisler, Building Trust and Managing Risk: A Look at a Felony Mental Health Court, 11(4) Psychology Public Policy and Law, (2005).
    13.Charles L. Cetti, M'Naghten Rule V. Irresistible impulse Test, 14 Mercer Law Review, (1963).
    14.Christine Sarteschi, Michael G. Vaughn, Kevin Kim, Assessing the effectiveness of mental health courts: A quantitative review, 39(1) Journal of Criminal Justice, (2011).
    15.Christopher J. Sullivan, Bonita M. Veysey, Zachary K. Hamilton, Michele Grillo, Reducing out-of-community placement and recidivism: Diversion of delinquent youth with mental health and substance use problems from the justice system, 51(5) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, (2007).
    16.D. A. Andrews, James Bonta, J. Stephen Wormith, The Recent Past and Near Future of Risk and/or Need Assessment, 52(1) Crime and Delinquency, (2006).
    17.D.A. Andrews, James Bonta, Robert D. Hoge, Classification for effective rehabilitation: Rediscovering psychology, 17(1) Criminal Justice and Behavior, (1990).
    18.Dale E. McNiel, Naomi Sadeh, Kevin L. Delucchi, Renée L. Binder, Prospective Study of Violence Risk Reduction by a Mental Health Court, 66(6) Psychiatric Services, (2015).
    19.Dale E. McNiel, Renée L. Binder, Effectiveness of a Mental Health Court in Reducing Criminal Recidivism and Violence, 164(9) American Journal of Psychiatry, (2007).
    20.Dale E. McNiel, Renée L. Binder, Stakeholder views of a mental health court, 33(4) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, (2010).
    21.David B. Wexler, The Development of Therapeutic Jurisprudence: from Theory to Practice, 68 Rev. Jur. U.P.R., (1999).
    22.David Rottman, Pamela Casey, Therapeutic jurisprudence and the emergence of problem-solving courts, 13 National Institute of Justice Journal, (1999).
    23.Deborah Koetzle Shaffer, Looking Inside the Black Box of Drug Courts: A Meta-Analytic Review, 28(3) Justice Quarterly, (2011).
    24.Der-Yan Han, Chih-Hsuan Chen, Shih-Ming Li, Effects of a Natural Contact Program on Decreasing Self-Stigma among Individuals with Schizophrenia in Taiwan, 10(1) Archives of Clinical Psychology , (2016).
    25.Donna J. Cartwright, ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM Codes: What? Why? How?, 2 (10) Advances in Wound Care, (2013).
    26.E. Lea Johnston, Theorizing Mental Health Courts, 89 Wash. U. L. Rev., (2012).
    27.Evan Marie Lowder, Candalyn B. Rade, Sarah L. Desmarais, Effectiveness of Mental Health Courts in Reducing Recidivism: A Meta-Analysis, 69(1) Psychiatric Services, (2018).
    28.Ginger Lerner Wren, Mental Health Courts: Serving Justice and Promoting Recovery, 19(3) Annals of Health Law, (2010).
    29.Greg Berman, John Feinblatt, Problem-Solving Courts: A Brief Primer, 23(2) Law & Policy, (2001).
    30.Heather Stuart, Violence and mental illness: An overview, 2 World Psychiatry, (2003).
    31.Henry J. Steadman, Allison D Redlich, Patricia A Griffin, John Petrila, John Monahan, From Referral to Disposition: Case Processing in Seven Mental Health Courts, 23(2) Behavioral Sciences and the Law, (2005).
    32.Henry J. Steadman, Allison Redlich, Lisa Callahan, Pamela Clark Robbins, Roumen Vesselinov, Effect of mental health courts on arrests and jail days: A multisite study, 68(2) Archives of General Psychiatry, (2011).
    33.Henry J. Steadman, Michelle Naples, Assessing the effectiveness of jail diversion programs for persons with serious mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders, 23(2) Behavioral Sciences and the Law, (2005).
    34.Henry J. Steadman, Susan Davidson, Collie Brown, Law & psychiatry: Mental health courts: their promise and unanswered questions, 52 Psychiatric Services, (2001).
    35.Jacques Baillargeon, Steven K. Hoge, Joseph Penn, Addressing the Challenge of Community Reentry Among Released Inmates with Serious Mental Illness, 46 American Journal of Community Psychology , (2010).
    36.Jillian K. Peterson, Jennifer Skeem, Patrick Kennealy, Beth Bray, How often and how consistently do symptoms directly precede criminal behavior among offenders with mental illness?, 38(5) Law and Human Behavior, (2014).
    37.Joe Lowenstein, Charlotte Purvis, Katie Rose, A systematic review on the relationship between antisocial, borderline and narcissistic personality disorder diagnostic traits and risk of violence to others in a clinical and forensic sample, 3(14) Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, (2016).
    38.Kimberly A. Kaiser, Kirby Rhodes, A Drug Court by Any Other Name? An Analysis of Problem-Solving Court Programs, 43(3) Law and Human Behavior, (2019).
    39.Kimberly A. Kaiser, Kristy Holtfreter, An integrated theory of specialized court programs: Using procedural justice and therapeutic jurisprudence to promote offender compliance and rehabilitation, 43(1) Criminal Justice and Behavior, (2016).
    40.Kin Wah Fung, Julia Xu, Olivier Bodenreider, The new International Classification of Diseases 11th edition: a comparative analysis with ICD-10 and ICD-10-CM, 27(5) J.Am.Med.Inform.Assoc., (2020).
    41.Klara Latalova, Dana Kamaradova, Jan Prasko , Violent victimization of adult patients with severe mental illness: A systematic review, 10 Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, (2014).
    42.Linda A. Teplin, Gary M. McClelland, Karen M. Abram, Dana A. Weiner, Crime victimization in adults with severe mental illness, 62 Archives of General Psychiatry, (2005).
    43.Lisa A. Goodman, Michelle Salyers, Kim Mueser, Stanley D. Rosenberg, Marvin S. Swartz, Susan M. Essock, Fred C. Osher, Marian I. Butterfield, Jeffrey Swanson, Recent Victimization in Women and Men with Severe Mental Illness: Prevalence and Correlates, 14(4) Journal of Traumatic Stress, (2001).
    44.Maji Hailemariam, Tatiana E. Bustos, Barrett Wallace Montgomery, Garrett Brown, Gashaye Tefera, Rosemary Adaji, Brandon Taylor, Hiywote Eshetu, Clara Barajas, Rolando Barajas, Vanessa Najjar, Donovan Dennis, Jasmiyne Hudson, Julia W. Felton, Jennifer E. Johnson, Mental health interventions for individuals with serious mental illness in the criminal legal system: a systematic review, 24(1) 199 BMC Psychiatry, (2024).
    45.Mark J. Viron, Theodore A Stern, The impact of serious mental illness on health and healthcare, 51(6) Psychosomatics, (2010).
    46.Merith Cosden, Jeffrey K. Ellens, Jeffrey L. Schnell, Yasmeen Yamini-Diouf, Maren M. Wolfe, Evaluation of a Mental Health Treatment Court with Assertive Community Treatment, 21 Behavioral Sciences & the Law, (2003).
    47.Michelle Naples, Henry J. Steadman, Can Persons with Co-occurring Disorders and Violent Charges Be Successfully Diverted?, 2(2) International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, (2003).
    48.Monic P. Behnken, David E. Arredondo, Wendy Packman, Reduction in Recidivism in a Juvenile Mental Health Court: A Pre‐ and Post‐Treatment Outcome Study, 60(3) Juvenile and Family Court, (2009).
    49.Monte D. Staton, Arthur J. Lurigio, Mental Health Courts in Illinois: Comparing and Contrasting Program Models, Sanction Applications, Information Sharing, and Professional Roles, 79(1) Federal Probation Journal, (2015).
    50.Nahama Broner, Stacy S. Lamon, Damon Mayrl, Martin G. Karopkin, Arrested Adults Awaiting Arraignment: Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Criminal Justice Characteristics and Needs, 30 Fordham Urban Law Review, (2003).
    51.Naomi Zumstein, Florian Riese, Defining Severe and Persistent Mental Illness—A Pragmatic Utility Concept Analysis, 11 Frontiers in Psychiatry, (2020).
    52.Ojmarrh Mitchell, David B. Wilson, Amy Eggers, Doris L. MacKenzie, Assessing the effectiveness of drug courts on recidivism: A meta-analytic review of traditional and non-traditional drug courts, 40(1) Journal of Criminal Justice, (2012).
    53.Palmer, Carleton A. ,Hazelrigg, Mark, The guilty but mentally ill verdict: A review and conceptual analysis of intent and impact, 28(1) Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, (2000).
    54.Patrick Gardner, An Overview of Juvenile Mental Health Courts, 30 Child Law Practice, (2011).
    55.Paul Neiman, Is it morally permissible for hospital nurses to access prisoner-patients’ criminal histories?, 26(1) Nursing Ethics, (2019).
    56.Paul S. Appelbaum, In Search of a New Paradigm for Research on Violence and Schizophrenia, 176(9) American Journal of Psychiatry, (2019).
    57.Pollähne, Helmut, Die einstweilige Unterbringung des § 126a StPO im Recht – Teil 1: Grundlagen, Verfahren, Anordnung, Recht & Psychiatrie (R&P) 20 (2002).
    58.Richard D. Schnider, Mental Health Courts and Diversion Programs: A global survey, 33(4) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, (2010).
    59.Richard D. Schnider, Mental Health Courts, 21(5) Current Opinion in Psychiatry, (2008).
    60.Robert Bernstein, Tammy Seltzer, Criminalization of people with mental illnesses: The role of mental health courts in system reform, 7 UDC Law Review, (2003).
    61.Robert Bernstein, Tammy Seltzer, Criminalization Of People With Mental Illnesses: The Role Of Mental Health Courts In System Reform, 7 U.D.C. L. Rev., (2003).
    62.Roger A. Boothroyd, Cynthia Calkins Mercado, Norman G. Poythress, Annette Christy, John Petrila, Clinical outcomes of defendants in mental health court, 56(7) Psychiatric Services, (2005).
    63.Roger A. Boothroyd, Norman G. Poythress, Annette McGaha, John Petrila, The Broward Mental Health Court: Process, outcomes and service utilization, 26 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, (2005).
    64.Shu-I Wu, Vincent Chin-Hung Chen, Robert Stewart, Excess Mortality, Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Related Medical Care Receipts in People with Serious Mental Illness, 31(1) Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry (Taipei), (2017).
    65.The Critical Need for Jail as a Sanction in the Drug Court Model, 2(3) Drug Court Practitioner Fact Sheet, National Drug Court Institute, (2000).
    66.Tori DeAngelis, Mental illness and violence: Debunking myths, addressing realities, 52(3) Monitor on Psychology, (2021).
    67.Ursula Castellano、Leon Anderson, Mental Health Courts in America: Promise and Challenges, 57(2) American Behavioral Scientist, (2013).
    68.Virginia A. Hiday, Bradley Ray, Arrests Two Years After Exiting a Well-Established Mental Health Court, 61(5) Psychiatric Services, (2010).
    69.Virginia Aldigé Hiday, Bradley Ray, Heathcote W. Wales, Predictors of Mental Health Court Graduation, 20(2) Psychology Public Policy and Law, (2014).
    70.Warren A. Reich, Sarah Picard-Fritsche, Lenore Lebron, Josephine W. Hahn, Predictors of Program Compliance and Re-arrest in the Brooklyn Mental Health Court, 54(6) New York. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, (2014).
    71.Yue Yuan, Matthew R. Capriotti, The impact of mental health court: A Sacramento case study, 37(3) Behavioral Sciences & the Law, (2019).
    三、研究報告(依作者姓氏字母排列)
    1.A Guide to Mental Health Court Design and Implementation, Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, Council of State Governments, (2005).
    2.David W. Slayton, Problem-Solving Courts in the 21st Century, Conference of State Court Administrators, National Center for State Courts, (2015).
    3.E. Fuller Torrey, Aaron D. Kennard, Don Eslinger, Richard Lamb, James Pavie, More Mentally Ill Persons Are in Jails and Prisons Than Hospitals: A Survey of the States, National Sheriffs Association, Arlington VA, Treatment Advocacy Center, (2010).
    4.Ginger Lerner Wren, Broward's Mental Health Court: An Innovative Approach to the Mentally Disabled in the Criminal Justice System, National Center for State Courts Report, (2000).
    5.Greg Berman, John Feinblatt, Judges and Problem-Solving Courts, Center for Court Innovation, State Justice Institute, (2002).
    6.Improving Responses to People with Mental Illnesses: Essential Elements of Mental Health Courts, Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, Council of State Governments Justice Center, (2007).
    7.Josephine W. Hahn, New York State Mental Health Courts: A Policy Study, Center for Court Innovation, (2015).
    8.Judicial Council Briefing, Juvenile Collaborative Court Models: Juvenile Mental Health Court, Center for Families, Children & the Courts, Judicial Council of California, (2020).
    9.Kelly O’Keefe, The Brooklyn Mental Health Court Evaluation: Planning, Implementation, Courtroom Dynamics, and Participant Outcomes, Center for Court Innovation, New York State Office of Mental Health, (2006).
    10.Lauren Almquist, Elizabeth Dodd, Mental Health Courts: A Guide to Research-Informed Policy and Practice, Council of State Governments Justice Center, (2009).
    11.Mental Health Courts: A Primer for Policymakers and Practitioners, Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, Council of State Governments Justice Center, (2008).
    12.Patrick Gardner, Improving Outcomes for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: A Review of Alameda County’s Collaborative Mental Health Court, National Center for Youth Law, (2011).
    13.Phil Bowen, Stephen Whitehead, Problem-solving courts: An evidence review, Centre for Justice Innovation, (2015).
    14.R. Fred Lewis, Nikki Ann Clark, Steering Committee on Families and Children in the Court, Mental Health Subcommittee and Workgroup Members, etc., Transforming Florida's Mental Health System-Constructing a Comprehensive and Competent Criminal Justice/Mental Health/Substance Abuse/Treatment System: Strategies for Planning, Leadership, Financing, and Service Development, Supreme Court of Florida, (2007).
    15.Robert V. Wolf, California's Collaborative Justice Courts: Building a Problem-Solving Judiciary, Center for Court Innovation, Judicial Council of California, Administrative Office of the Courts, (2005).
    16.Robert V. Wolf, Principles of Problem-Solving Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Center for Court Innovation, (2007).
    17.Shelli B. Rossman, Janeen Buck Willison, Kamala Mallik-Kane, KiDeuk Kim, Sara Debus-Sherrill, P. Mitchell Downey, Criminal Justice Interventions for Offenders with Mental Illness: Evaluation of Mental Health Courts in Bronx and Brooklyn, New York, Executive Summary, U.S. Department of Justice, (2012).
    四、網路文獻(依字母排列)
    1."Medicine, n.1", OED Online, Oxford University Press, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/medicine_n1 (last visited on Jan. 18, 2025).
    2.20th Judicial Circuit Mental Health Court, Problem Solving Courts, Mental Health Court, Programs, https://www.ca.cjis20.org/Programs/Problem-Solving-Courts/mentalhealthcourt.aspx (last visited on Jan. 18, 2025).
    3.ADA.gov, U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, https://www.ada.gov/ (last visited on Jan. 18, 2025).
    4.ADP Prop 36 website, https://web.archive.org/web/20070818121354/http://www.adp.cahwnet.gov/SACPA/prop36.shtm (last visited on Jan. 18, 2025).
    5.American Psychiatric Association, Highlights of changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, (2013), https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/DSM/APA_DSM_Changes_from_DSM-IV-TR_-to_DSM-5.pdf (last visited on Jan. 18, 2025).
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學系
    108651051
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    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[法律學系] 學位論文

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