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Title:	華語「是⋯⋯的」句之二語習得—— 以英語母語者為例 Second Language Acquisition of the Mandarin shi……de Construction : The Case of Native English Speakers
Authors:	張郡巖 Chang, Chun-Yen
Contributors:	陳仲妤 Chen, Chung-Yu 張郡巖 Chang, Chun-Yen
Keywords:	分裂句斷言命題句英語為母語之華語學習者語法判斷測驗強迫選擇測驗 Cleft construction Propositional assertion English-speaking Chinese learners Grammaticality judgement task Forced-choice task
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2025-02-04 15:36:09 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	華語的「是⋯⋯的」句可作為斷言命題句或分裂句解釋，兩者除了在句式上都有「是」和「的」以外，在句法和語義上都有所差異。句法上，分裂句在「是⋯⋯的」之間可以為名詞、動詞、介詞和時間副詞組，而斷言命題句只能為動詞和形容詞組。就研究者所知，目前文獻中缺乏「是⋯⋯的」之間為形容詞組的實驗類研究。此外，前人對斷言命題句的研究多聚焦在句法分析，研究方法則多為語料庫，缺乏語義方面的實驗證據。因此本研究將採用「語法判斷測驗」和「強迫選擇測驗」來提供實驗證據。首先，本研究用「語法判斷測驗」來測試「是⋯⋯的」之間為名詞、動詞、介詞、時間副詞和形容詞組句式對受試者來說是否合語法。第二項實驗，「強迫選擇測驗」以糾正和負向偏差情境作為實驗條件，並以中立情境作為控制條件，以此測試相較於中立情境，受試者在糾正和負向偏差情境下，會選擇有糾正預設功能的斷言命題句，還是選擇有陳述功能的主謂句來回答。研究者招募了10位台灣華語母語者作為控制組、10位英語為母語之高級華語學習者和10位中級華語學習者作為實驗組。受試者做完語法判斷測驗後，會接著做強迫選擇測驗。語法判斷測驗結果顯示，除了高級華語學習在介詞組句式的回答偏向不合語法以外，其他句式無論是華語母語者，或是高級和中級華語學習者的回答皆偏向合語法。強迫選擇測驗的結果顯示相較於中立情境，華語母語者、高級和中級華語學習者在糾正和負向偏差情境下，選擇斷言命題句的比例都比較高。但值得注意的是，高級和中級華語學習者選擇斷言命題句的比例皆高於華語母語者，且比例在50%左右。研究者推測，可能和斷言命題句在語言使用上，本就屬於較低頻的句式有關，所以華語母語者選擇斷言命題句的比例較低。另一種可能是高級和中級華語學習者並不能完全掌握斷言命題句的使用情境，因此沒有明顯的使用偏好。最後，根據上述的實驗結果，本研究提出了相關的教學建議，例如增加分裂句介詞組句式的覆現頻率和使用糾正和負向偏差情境進行斷言命題句教學。此外，亦提出了研究建議，本研究認為未來能先確認華語母語者對斷言命題句的語感，再使用產出實驗，來使研究更為準確。 The shi...de construction in Mandarin can be interpreted as a propositional assertion or a cleft construction. Although both structures have shi and de, their syntax and semantics are different. The cleft construction allows noun phrase, verb phrase, preposition phrase, and time adverbial phrase to appear between shi and de, but the propositional assertion only allows verb phrase and adjective phrase. Previous studies lacked experimental research on the adjective phrase between the shi...de construction. Additionally, previous studies on propositional assertion mostly focused on syntax analysis, and the research methods mostly was corpus, but lacked experimental studies on semantics. Therefore, this study conducted a grammaticality judgment task and a forced-choice task to provide experimental evidence. First, the grammaticality judgment task was used to assess whether sentence structures with the shi...de construction containing noun phrase, verb phrase, preposition phrase, time adverbial phrase, and adjective phrases are grammatical for the participants. The second task was a forced-choice task that used corrective and negative bias contexts as experiment conditions, with a neutral context as a control condition. The participants had to choose propositional assertion with corrective presuppositions or canonical subject-predicate sentences with declarative function to these different conditions. This study recruited 10 native Taiwanese Mandarin speakers as a control group and recruited 10 advanced and 10 intermediate English-speaking Chinese learners as experimental groups. After the grammaticality judgment task, participants took the forced-choice task. The results of the grammaticality judgment task indicated that, except for the answers of advanced learners, which was ungrammatical in preposition phrase, the answers for other conditions were grammatical, regardless of whether they came from native Mandarin speakers, advanced learners, or intermediate learners. The results of the forced-choice task indicated that, compared to the neutral context, native Mandarin speakers and both advanced and intermediate Chinese learners were more likely to choose propositional assertion in corrective and negative bias contexts. It was worth noting that Chinese learners chose propositional assertion more frequently than native Mandarin speakers, with both groups showing a 50% usage rate. The researcher speculates that this may be due to the relatively low frequency of propositional assertions in Chinese usage, causing native Mandarin speakers to choose them less frequently. Another explanation is that Chinese learners have not fully acquired the contexts for using propositional assertion, resulting in no clear preference. Last but not least, based on the results, this study proposes several pedagogical recommendations, such as increasing the frequency of showing cleft construction in learning materials and teaching propositional assertion in corrective and negative bias contexts. In addition, this study proposes that future research can first confirm how native Mandarin speakers perceive the intuition of propositional assertion and then use a production task to achieve greater accuracy.
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Description:	碩士國立政治大學華語文教學碩博士學位學程 110161002
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110161002
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Doctor`s / Master`s Program in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language] Theses

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