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| Title: | 從地方祭典到文化資產：學甲上白礁祭典的形成與轉變
From Local Rituals to Cultural Heritage: The Formation and Transformation of the Pilgrimage Rituals of Shangbaijiao in Xuejia |
| Authors: | 洪瑩發
Hung, Ying-Fa;Wang, Nai-Zheng |
| Contributors: | 華宗研 |
| Keywords: | 保生大帝;學甲慈濟宮;儀式變遷;遙祭;謁祖
Baosheng Dadi;Ciji Temple of Xuejia;Ritual changes;Worship at distance;Memorial ceremony for ancesters |
| Date: | 2024-06 |
| Issue Date: | 2024-12-12 09:27:48 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 民間信仰的神明與祭典與統治階層有著複雜關係，由信徒及仕紳、地方社會與國家的互動，影響祭典的形成與結構，就算帝制社會已經遠離，在當代政府與地方社會仍然有著千絲萬縷的關係。戰後學甲上白礁的祭典儀式即是重要的案例，地方社會如配合國家意識形態調整祭典，而國家又如何透過地方祭典強化或宣揚其意識形態。學甲慈濟宮上白礁祭典在不同時期被賦予不同的角色，在日治與戰後初期只是學甲十三庄的「請水火祭典」，到民國五、六十年代則是被賦予「表現飲水思源」的遙祭列祖列宗儀式，民國七十到八十年代，則是配合臺灣端正禮俗、文化復興等運動，調整儀式與辦理各項文化推廣活動，隨著兩岸開放與政黨輪替，祭典則是在兩岸關係扮演重要的角色。近代則是為地方獲取國家文化資產的桂冠，如何配合國家的各種「指導」，進行儀式調整，在不同的時代，地方社會與國家意識都以上白礁儀式為舞台展示著各自的需求。在此之中地方仕紳與廟宇管理者就扮演重要的角色，透過廟內留下的檔案，看見廟方如何能辦理祭典，配合政府的要求與調適，如早期鄭帝、吳三連等臺南幫仕紳如何調適地方與國家的需求，後期各任管理者也如何在政府與地方社會中進行溝通，符合地方、國家與自身的各項需求。
Folk beliefs, deities, and rituals have a complex longtime relationship to the ruling class. It involves interactions between local societies, gentry, and the state, which influence the formation and structure of rituals. Even though the imperial society has long gone, there still exists a close relationship between contemporary governments and local societies. The pilgrimage rituals of Shangbaijiao in postwar Xuejia serves as an important case study to see how ocal societies adjust rituals in accordance with national ideology and how, on the other hand, the state reinforces or propagates its ideology through local rituals. The pilgrimage rituals of Shangbaijiao at the Ciji Temple in Xuejia have been assigned different roles at different times. During the Japanese colonial period and the early postwar period, it was simply a "water and fire petition ritual" for the thirteen villages of Xuejia. In the 1950s and 1960s, it was endowed with the ritual of "expressing gratitude for the origin of sources while drinking current water." In the 1970s and 1980s, it was adjusted to comply with Taiwan's rectification of customs, cultural revival, and other activities, adapting rituals and organizing various cultural promotion activities. With the opening up of the Taiwan Strait and changes in political parties, the role of rituals in cross-strait relations has also changed. In the modern time, it became a superstar cultural symbol for localities to obtain national cultural assets. How to coordinate with various "guidances" from the state, adjust rituals, and meet the needs of local societies and national consciousness in different eras are all demonstrated through this Ritual. In this process, local gentry and temple managers have played crucial roles. Through the archives conserved in the temple, one can see how the temple manages to conduct rituals, comply with government requirements, and do all kinds of adaptations. Early gentry figures like Zheng Di and Wu Sanlian from Tainan Business Group adjusted to the needs of both the local and national levels. Later managers also communicated with the government and local society to meet local, national, and their own needs. |
| Relation: | 逢甲人文社會學報, No.48, pp.71-112 |
| Data Type: | article |
| Appears in Collections: | [華人宗教研究中心] 期刊論文
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