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Title:	芬太尼價值鏈分析：中國、墨西哥和美國之間的動態 Fentanyl Value Chain Analysis: China, Mexico and United States
Authors:	施克翔 Segovia, Erick Armando Navarrete
Contributors:	馮慕文 Fabricio Antonio Fonseca Fernandez 施克翔 Erick Armando Navarrete Segovia
Keywords:	跨國組織犯罪芬太尼美國墨西哥中國毒品價值鏈供應鏈鴉片類藥物危機 Transnational organized crime Fentanyl United States Mexico China drugs value chain supply chain opioids crisis
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2024-12-02 11:30:43 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	如今，非法經濟活動仍對社會、金融和整體人類安全構成全球威脅。在美國，合成鴉片類藥物（主要是芬太尼）的大量消費正在為社會和衛生系統帶來挑戰。此外，如果消費擴展到不同地區，這被視為潛在的全球威脅。本文旨在分析芬太尼到達消費者的鏈條的不同組成部分，從最終供應商到組織購買、製造和銷售的犯罪節點，直到最終消費市場。這項工作要回答的問題是：從原料到美國市場的最終分銷，芬太尼價值鏈的結構和動態是如何構成的？該研究將以對政府機構報告、媒體資源和學術資料庫的歸納和解釋分析為基礎。描述性統計也將加入其中。在價值鏈的中國層面，我們發現兩個因素的結合發揮了重要作用：中國製藥業的規模以及當局缺乏問責能力。在墨西哥，犯罪集團從中國購買原料，並達成協議利用美國電子商務的缺陷將產品運抵他們手中。在墨西哥，有暴力和市場份額競爭的情況，並且兩個中部地區被發現存在芬太尼生產/儲存。最後，美國是全球芬太尼和鴉片類藥物消費的大部分集中地，佔比超過55%。在這裡，除了當局的一些違規行為外，製藥業的行銷策略還允許銷售和推廣成癮產品來緩解疼痛。此外，將該問題政治化使得上述三個國家之間建立自願合作變得更具挑戰性。這項研究並沒有發現任何趨勢可以讓我們假設芬太尼危機將會減少，因為過去幾年受害者人數已達到歷史最高水準。 Nowadays, illegal economic activities remain a global threat to social, financial, and overall human security. Within the United States, a considerable consumption of synthetic opioids, mainly fentanyl, is challenging the social and health system. Also, this is regarded as a potential global threat if the consumption expands to different regions. This thesis aims to analyze the different components of the chain that allow fentanyl to reach consumers, from its ultimate suppliers to the node criminals that organize the buying, manufacturing, and selling and up to the final consumption market. The question to answer in this work is: How are the structure and dynamics of the fentanyl value chain constituted, from raw materials to final distribution in the US market? The research will be grounded on an inductive and interpretative analysis of government agencies' reports, media outlet resources, and academic databases. Descriptive statistics will join this. Within the Chinese tier of the value chain, it is found that the combination of two factors plays a significative role: the size of the pharma sector in China, and the lack of capability of the authorities to keep it accountable. In Mexico, the criminal groups buy the raw materials from China, making agreements to use the US e-commerce flaws for the products to reach them. In Mexico, there is a context of violence and competition for the market share and two central regions in which fentanyl production/storage is identified. Finally, the US is where most of the global consumption of fentanyl and opioids is concentrated, with a share that is above 55%. Here, the marketing strategy from the pharma sector, in addition to several irregularities from authorities, allowed addictive products to be sold and promoted to deal with pain. In addition, politicizing the problem has made it more challenging to establish willing cooperation between the three mentioned countries. This research did not find a tendency that allows us to assume that the fentanyl crisis will reduce, as the last few years have reached historical numbers of victims.
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Description:	碩士國立政治大學國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS) 111862013
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111862013
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[International Master`s Program in International Studies] Theses

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