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    Title: 臺韓大學生心理健康促進措施必要性之探討
    A Study on the Necessity of Mental Health Services and Policies for University Students in Taiwan and South Korea
    Authors: 林芷妤
    Lin, Chih-Yu
    Contributors: 郭秋雯
    林芷妤
    Lin, Chih-Yu
    Keywords: 心理健康
    諮商
    學生輔導
    大學生
    臺韓比較
    Mental health
    Counseling
    Student counseling
    University students
    Comparison between Taiwan and South Korea
    Date: 2024
    Issue Date: 2024-10-04 11:05:19 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   年輕族群的心理健康議題在臺灣與韓國逐漸成為社會焦點,而大學生作為此年齡層中的特殊群體,其發展特徵與心理健康問題需要特別關注。本研究以強調大學生心理健康促進措施的必要性為出發點,探討臺灣與韓國大學生的心理健康議題,透過文獻與訪談等資料來整理比較臺灣與韓國的現行措施及問題,並提出改善建議。希望本研究能對於兩國在改善大學生心理健康促進措施時有所助益,更期待藉此增加各方對大學生心理健康議題的重視。
      本研究透過文獻分析法探索過去有關大學生心理健康問題及促進措施的相關研究,並採用問卷調查法,從238份有效樣本中了解大學生對相關措施的認識和使用經驗。另外也透過深度訪談法,訪問9位臺灣大學生、1位韓國大學生及5位臺灣學生輔導相關工作者,從資源使用者與供給者的角度探討現行措施的實際運作和困境。
      研究顯示,大學生處於不穩定性高的成年初顯期,容易出現焦慮和憂鬱等心理問題。在臺灣和韓國,強調升學主義、經濟結構不穩定及集體主義文化下,讓大學生面臨未來出路、學業成績、經濟狀況和人際關係問題等生活壓力,長期壓力導致憂鬱、焦慮及失眠的心理健康問題日益普遍,也容易發展成精神疾病。
      臺灣和韓國都有關於心理健康促進和精神疾病的法律,涵蓋心理健康政策規劃及心理健康調查等內容,兩國政府亦提供年輕族群諮商補助。在大專校院中,透過導師制提供大學生第一線的支持。韓國主要側重生涯規劃發展層面,而臺灣則強調全方位的關懷與支持,部分臺灣大專校院額外聘請專任人員提供更全面的生活輔導。臺灣與韓國學生諮商中心建立時間相近,但面臨不同挑戰。臺灣透過《學生輔導法》對專業輔導人員有明確規範,韓國目前仍缺乏相關法源依據,不過韓國在通訊科技的運用上更為先進。臺灣學生諮商中心通常設有諮商次數上限,韓國則較為寬鬆。此外,部分學校提供與校外醫療單位的連結,如學生團體保險的醫療補助,或與鄰近醫療機構合作。
      在現行措施推行的過程中,經費的合理分配是問題之一。特別是在韓國,經費與人力資源短缺情況更為嚴重。專業人力的匱乏及高流動率導致學生輔導工作難以穩定發展,若大學生找不到合適可信任的專業人員,則會加重其心理負擔。此外,服務提供與資訊宣傳管道多元性不足,也會降低心理健康措施的利用率。資源供不應求與整合性不足,削弱措施的效益,並增加求助阻礙。因此,如何解決經費、人力、資源整合等問題,是當今臺灣與韓國在改善大學生心理健康促進措施的必要課題。
      綜合研究內容結果,本研究提出四點建議:一、確保經費與人力的穩定性,並使學生輔導相關組織架構正規化,促使心理健康促進措施長期持續運作。二、建立健全的資源連結網絡,包括大專校院各單位及校外相關機構的緊密合作,使資源能夠有效地分配,並且減少服務供給與使用者的距離。三、強調分級輔導,針對不同層級的需求提供適當資源介入,減少單一環節的負擔,並加強初級預防。四、持續進行倡議與心理健康教育,提高大學生對心理健康的認識,減少汙名化,並達到積極層面的心理健康狀態。
    The purpose of this study is to enhance mental health services and policies for university students in Taiwan and South Korea and to raise awareness of mental health issues. Mental health issues among young people are increasingly recognized as a social issue in Taiwan and South Korea. As a unique group within this demographic, university students require special attention due to their developmental characteristics and mental health challenges. This study emphasizes the necessity of mental health services and policies for university students, exploring mental health issues in Taiwan and South Korea. Through literature reviews and interviews, the study compared current services and policies and identified issues in both countries. Furthermore, this study provides recommendations for improvement.
    Through documentary analysis, this study explored previous studies related to university students' mental health issues and services. Based on a total of 238 responses, this study analyzed university students’ experiences of related services and policies. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine Taiwanese university students, one Korean university student, and five Taiwanese student counseling professionals to explore the actual situation and challenges of current services and policies from the perspectives of both users and providers.
    University students are in a highly unstable phase of emerging adulthood, making them prone to anxiety and depression. In Taiwan and South Korea, the emphasis on academic achievement, economic instability, and collectivist culture subjects university students to significant stress related to career planning, academic performance, financial situations, and interpersonal relationships. Prolonged stress is contributing to the growing prevalence of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia, which may eventually develop into more severe mental illnesses.
    Both the governments of Taiwan and South Korea have enacted laws regarding mental health, including mental health policy planning and surveys. The governments of both countries also provide subsidies for counseling services for young people. In universities, the mentor system is considered to be the primary source of support for students. In South Korea, the mentor system’s focus is primarily on career development, while Taiwan emphasizes more comprehensive care and support, with some universities hiring dedicated staff for more comprehensive life counseling. The student counseling centers in both countries were established around the same time but face different challenges. In Taiwan, there are clear regulations for professional counseling personnel, while South Korea lacks such legal provisions, although it is more advanced in utilizing communication technology. Taiwanese counseling centers often have a limit on the number of counseling sessions. In contrast, South Korea is more flexible. Additionally, some student counseling centers link to external medical services.
    The allocation of funding is one of the challenges in these services, particularly in South Korea, where the shortage of funds and human resources is more severe. The lack of professional staff and high turnover rates hinder the stable development of student counseling services, and students who cannot find a suitable and trustworthy counselor may experience increased psychological burdens. Furthermore, a lack of diversity in service provision and insufficient information dissemination reduces the utilization of mental health services and policies. The inadequate supply and weak integration of resources reduce the effectiveness of the services and increase barriers to seeking help. Thus, addressing issues such as funding, human resources, and resource integration is a critical task for improving mental health services and policies for university students in both Taiwan and South Korea.
    Based on the research results, this study offers four recommendations: (1) Ensure stable funding and human resources and formalize the organizational structure of student counseling to promote the long-term sustainability of mental health services and policies. (2) Establish a comprehensive resource linkage network, fostering close cooperation between university units and external organizations to ensure efficient resource allocation and reduce the gap between service providers and users. (3) Emphasize tiered counseling, providing appropriate interventions based on different levels of need, reducing the burden on a single level, and strengthening primary prevention. (4) Continuously advocate for mental health education and raising students' awareness. Reducing the stigma associated with mental illness is also important. The goal of this study is to contribute to the development of strategies that help university students achieve and maintain a positive state of mental health.
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    【英】論文
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    韓國語文學系
    110557008
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110557008
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[韓國語文學系] 學位論文

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