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    題名: 西班牙和中國之間的「紅色橋梁」:國際反法西斯主義者的跨域聯結,1936年-1940年
    A ";Red Bridge";Between Spain and China: International Anti-Fascist Transnational Connections, 1936-1940
    作者: 齊邦矞
    Chi, Pang-Yu
    貢獻者: 倪墨杰
    Jack Neubauer
    齊邦矞
    Chi, Pang-Yu
    關鍵詞: 西班牙
    中國
    西班牙內戰
    中日戰爭
    反法西斯主義
    跨域聯結
    Spain
    China
    Spanish Civil War
    Sino-Japanese War
    Anti-fascism
    transnational connections
    日期: 2024
    上傳時間: 2024-09-04 16:01:39 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本文將分析二十世紀前葉,特別是1936年至1940年間的全球反法西斯主義浪潮,是如何透過「紅色橋梁」建構西班牙和中國兩國之間的跨域聯結,這種對特定地理的想像,在當時又是如何透過謝唯進與白求恩等國際反法西斯鬥士在西班牙內戰、中日戰爭的行動中被體現?
    西班牙與中國之間無形的跨地域共鳴,與兩國在境遇上擁有大量相似巧合有一定關聯,換句話說,就是所謂的「共時性」。當時西、中兩國,皆須面對法西斯主義的侵略、國家內部左、右派鬥爭導致的政治風暴,以及列強的外部干預,兩國類似的國際處境,使國際反法西斯主義者分別將西班牙和中國視作抵禦法西斯主義侵略的「基地」。在反法西斯主義者的簇擁下,部分西班牙人與中國人開始浮現西班牙之於中國、中國之於西班牙的「跨域聯結」,將彼此視作亂世盟友的現象並不罕見,並且透過媒體渲染得到進一步加深,這種氛圍甚至一直持續到第二次世界大戰全面爆發之前。在這種氛圍下,西、中兩國的跨域聯結已能從第三方視角當中發現,這兩個看似毫不相干的戰爭——西班牙內戰和中日戰爭,最終演變成:國際媒體視作一體的被侵略國、左派共同聲援的反法西斯戰爭、文學家詩文詞賦歌頌的反法西斯聖地,以及本文「紅色橋梁」的根基。
    本文試圖探究西班牙與中國之間的「跨域聯結」產生之歷史脈絡,並挖掘反法西斯主義者的歷史,嘗試以全球、跨地域的視角賦予反法西斯主義者新的歷史意義,使原本被邊緣化、被埋沒的歷史,能在全球反法西斯研究當中激起新的漣漪。
    This thesis examines the global anti-fascist movement in the early 20th century, focusing in particular on how Spain and China became deeply interconnected sites within the imagined geography of global anti-fascism between 1936 and 1940. It further explores how this geographical imagination was embodied in the actions of anti-fascist fighters like Xie Weijin and Norman Bethune during the Spanish Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War.

    The resonance between Spain and China arose from their synchronic experiences of facing fascist invasions, domestic political turmoil between left and right factions, and interference from major powers. These coincidences fostered a powerful geographical imagination among contemporaries, enhancing the perceived connection between Spain and China from third-party perspectives. This perception transformed two seemingly unrelated conflicts—the Spanish Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War—into a unified anti-fascist struggle, celebrated in leftist media and literature, forming the foundation of the "Red Bridge" concept explored in this thesis.

    The study aims to uncover the historical context of the transnational connections between Spain and China and to reassign historical significance to anti-fascist fighters through a transnational lens. By doing so, it seeks to illuminate the marginalized and forgotten histories, thereby reshaping our understanding of global anti-fascist movements.
    參考文獻: 史料

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    謝唯進,〈西班牙國際義勇軍傷兵德語部致中國各抗日軍隊慰問電〉,《先鋒報》,紐約,1938。
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    專書論著

    鄧津華著,楊雅婷譯,《臺灣的想像地理:中國殖民旅遊書寫與圖像(1683-1895)》,臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心,2016。
    倪慧如、鄒寧遠,《當世界年輕的時候:參加西班牙內戰的中國人。1936-1939》,臺北:人間出版,2015。
    彭訓厚,《世界反法西斯戰爭中的中國》,北京:五洲傳播出版社,2005。
    蔣中正,《蘇俄在中國 : 中國與俄共三十年經歷紀要》七版,臺北市:中央文物供應社,1957。
    泰德·阿蘭(Ted Allan)著,巫寧坤譯,《手術刀就是武器——白求恩大夫的故事》,香港:三聯書店,1979。
    David Iancu, Nouă ani medic pe front 1937-1945 Spania-China. Bucuresti, Romania: Editura Vitruviu, 2008.
    Carles Brasó-Broggi, La Cooperación Sanitaria Internacional en España y China, 1936-1945. El Caso de los ‘Médicos Españoles’, in España y China 1937-2017: 80 Años del Internacionalismo Antifascista. Granada: Comares, 2017.
    Carles Brasó Broggi, Los Médicos Errantes: De las Brigadas Internacionales y la Revolución China a la Guerra Fría. Barcelona: Critica, 2022.
    José Eugenio Borao Mateo, Las miradas entre Espana y China: un siglo de relaciones entre los dos paises (1864-1973). Madrid: Miraguano Ediciones, 2017.
    José Eugenio Borao Mateo, España y China: unas distantes relaciones sorprendidas por un "intenso encuentro" revolucionario a finales de los años treinta, 1927-1967. Madrid: Ediciones de Cultura Hispánica, 2000.
    Hugo García, Mercedes Yusta, Xavier Tabet, and Cristina Clímaco eds., Rethinking Antifascism: History, Memory and Politics, 1922 to the Present. New York: Berghahn Books, 2016.
    Robert Mamlok, M.D., The International Medical Relief Corps in Wartime China, 1937-1945. Jefferson: McFarland&Company, 2018.
    Roderick Stewart, Sharon Stewart, Phoenix: The Life of Norman Bethune. Montreal: McGill Queens University Press, 2012.
    Ted Allan, The Scalpel, the Sword: The Story of Doctor Norman Bethune. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2009.
    Victor Alba, The Communist Party in Spain. Translated by Vincent G. Smith. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1983.
    W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood, Journey to a War. London: Faber & Faber, 1939.
    Aelwen D. Wetherby, Private Aid, Political Activism: American Medical Relief to Spain and China, 1936-1949. City of Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2017.
    Paul Preston, The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2012.
    Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, 4th ed. New York: Touchstone, 1994.
    Gerald Brenan, The Spanish Labyrinth: An Account of the Social and Political Background of the Spanish Civil War, 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1950.
    Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism. New York: Knopf, 1993.
    Edward W. Said, Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
    Kasper Braskén, Nigel Copsey, and David J. Featherstone, eds., Anti-Fascism in a Global Perspective: Transnational Networks, Exile Communities, and Radical Internationalism. London: Routledge, 2020.
    François Furet, The Passing of an Illusion: The Idea of Communism in the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.
    Jonathan D. Spence, The Search for Modern China. New York: Norton, 1991.
    Edgar Snow, Red Star over China. New York: Random House, 1944.

    期刊論文

    毛澤東,〈紀念白求恩〉,《中國醫學人文》3.2,2017年,頁30-32。
    何邦立(Bang-Lee Ho),〈林可勝與紅十字會風潮〉,《中華科技史學會學刊》21(2016),頁32-47。
    劉世永、郭世清,〈林可勝(1897-1969)闇聲晦影的中研院院士與國防醫學院院長〉中央研究院臺灣史研究所《臺灣史研究》第19卷第4期(2012),頁141-205。
    朱婷婷(Ting-ting Chu),〈失效的援助:中日戰爭時期美國醫藥援華與中國醫療物資運用機制之困境(1937-1945)〉,《國史館館刊》,68(2021)。
    曲楠,〈「滿天吹著西班牙的風」:抗戰時期的中國詩壇與西班牙內戰〉,中國現代文學研究叢刊,1 (2018),頁71-88。
    崔苗,〈白求恩精神及其時代價值〉,《中學政治教學參考》8(2021),頁11-14。
    朱玖琳,〈宋慶齡與世界反戰運動〉,《上海檔案史料研究》20(2016)。
    夏燕月,〈中國抗日戰爭對世界反法西斯戰爭的偉大貢獻〉,《黨史文匯》,9 (2020): 頁15-20。
    Rolf Becker, “Als Arzt in China,” in Aerzte: Erinnerungen, Erlebnisse Bekenntnisse, ed. G. Albrecht and W. Hartwig (Berlin, Germany: Buchverlag Der Morgen, 1972), 2.
    Tom Buchanan, “‘Shanghai-Madrid Axis’? Comparing British Responses to the Conflicts in Spain and China, 1936-39,” Contemporary European History 21, no. 4 (2012), p. 533–552.
    Hwei-Ru Tsou and Len Tsou, “Doctors who served in two anti-fascist wars: Spain (1936-1939) and China (1937-1945),” in Hasta pronto, amigos de España: Las Brigadas Internacionales en el 80 aniversario de su despedida de la Guerra Civil (1938-2018), p. 416-431.
    Pinkerton PH, Norman Bethune, eccentric, man of principle, man of action, surgeon, and his contribution to blood transfusion in war, Transfus Med Rev 21, 3(2007), p. 255-64.
    Disha Karnad Jani, “The league against imperialism, national liberation, and the economic question,” Journal of Global History, 17: 2(2022), p. 210-232.
    Ana M. Varela-Lago, ¡No Pasarán! The Spanish Civil War's Impact on Tampa's Latin Community, 1936-1939, Tampa Bay History 19, no. 2 (1997): 1.
    Ashley Johnson, Healing the Wounds of Fascism: The American Medical Brigade and the Spanish Civil War (master's thesis, Mount Holyoke College, 2007).
    Fernandez, Hugo Garcia. “'World Capital of Anti-Fascism'? The Making --and Breaking-- of a Global Left in Spain, 1936-39(2020).” Anti-Fascism in a Global Perspective: Transnational Networks, Exile Communities and Radical Internationalism, Edited by David Featherstone, Nigel Copsey and Kasper Braskén, Routledge, (2020), p. 234-253.
    Rosa María B., El Efecto de Cronos. Brigadistas Olvidadas por la Historia, Aposta. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 37(2008), p. 1-41.
    Benjamin Zachariah, “A Voluntary Gleichschaltung? Indian Perspectives Towards a Non-Eurocentric Understanding of Fascism,” Transcultural Studies, No.2, 2014, p. 63.

    網路資源

    Ortells-Nicolau, Xavier. “Itinerario: Conexiones en el comunismo internacional”, Archivo China-España, 1800-1950 http://ace.uoc.edu/exhibits/show/conexiones-comunismo-internaci/wuhan-sera-madrid Descargado 25 de marzo de 2024.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    歷史學系
    109153011
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109153011
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[歷史學系] 學位論文

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