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Title:	國際貨幣基金資助方案對溫室氣體排放的影響:工具變數法之應用 Impact of the International Monetary Fund Programs on the Greenhouse Gases Emissions: An Application of Instrumental Variable Approach
Authors:	謝明君 Quan, Ta Minh
Contributors:	李慧琳 Lee, Huey-Lin 謝明君 Ta Minh Quan
Keywords:	環境溫室氣體排放國際貨幣基金組織援助計畫工具變數 Environment GHG emissions IMF assistance programs Instrumental variable
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2024-09-04 15:08:07 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	在全球環境問題日益嚴重，以及自 1980 年代以來越來越多的國家加入國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）計畫的背景下，這些計畫對溫室氣體（GHG）排放的影響仍不明確。了解 IMF 設定的規則如何影響環境至關重要。本研究透過分析每個國家的溫室氣體總排放量，探討了 IMF 計畫對環境的影響。研究包含了 146 個國家的數據，發現參與 IMF 計畫與溫室氣體排放量增加之間有顯著的正相關關係。儘管過去的研究結果不一──有些研究發現能源效率提高，有些則發現溫室氣體排放增加──我們的研究結果呈現參與 IMF 計畫所要求的結構性調整對溫室氣體排放的影響：遵守 IMF 政策的受資助國家的溫室氣體排放量顯著增加，這表明需要重新思考這些政策的實施方式，以確保環境的永續發展。本研究使用了包含 146 個國家的詳細資料和統計方法來捕捉加入 IMF 計畫對溫室氣體排放的影響。我們考慮了各種控制變量，如再生能源或工業（包括建築業）附加價值（佔 GDP的百分比），以確保我們的推估結果不受其他因素的影響。我們的結果一致顯示：IMF 計畫通常要求的結構性調整，如緊縮措施、放鬆管制和私有化，可能導致更高的環境退化。鑑於對這一環境問題的研究仍處於非常早期的階段，這些發現的重要性不可小覷。隨著全球應對氣候變遷的努力加深，了解國際金融機構各項資助方案對於環境的影響至關重要。政策制定者在設計和實施經濟改革時，需要考慮這些環境後果。我們的研究呼籲重新評估 IMF 政策，以確保其與全球永續發展目標一致，並且不會無意中對環境造成損害。在氣候變遷日益惡化的情況下，對環境友善的經濟政策的需求比以往任何時候都更加緊迫。 Against a backdrop of growing global environmental problems and more countries joining IMF programs since the 1980s, the impact of these programs on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions remains unclear. It is important to understand how the rules set by the IMF might affect the environment. This study looked at the impact of IMF programs on the environment by analyzing total emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions per country. The study included data from 146 countries and found a strong positive relation between being part of IMF programs and higher GHG emissions. While past studies have shown mixed results—some found improved energy efficiency and others increasing GHG emissions—our findings highlight GHG emissions from adjustments required by the IMF participation. Funded countries abiding by the IMF policies experienced significant increase in their GHG emissions. This suggests a need to rethink how these policies are put into practice to ensure environmental sustainability. In our analysis, we used a detailed dataset of 146 countries and statistical methods to capture the impact of joining IMF programs on GHG emissions. We considered various control variables like renewable energy or industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) to ensure our findings were not influenced by other factors. Our results consistently showed that IMF programs are associated with increased GHG emissions, regardless of the specific country or time period studied. This suggests that the structural adjustments often required by the IMF, such as austerity measures, deregulation, and privatization, may lead to higher environmental degradation. The importance of these findings is immense, given that research on this environment topic is still in its very early stages. As global efforts to combat climate change intensify, understanding the environmental impacts of international financial institutions like the IMF is crucial. Policymakers need to consider these environmental consequences when designing and implementing economic reforms. Our study calls for a re-evaluation of IMF policies to ensure they align with global sustainability goals and do not inadvertently contribute to environmental harm. The need for environment-conscious economic policies is more urgent than ever in the face of worsening climate change.
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Description:	碩士國立政治大學應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) 111266014
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