Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152884
|
| Title: | 網路女神：「玲音」內的傳統宗教美感
The Goddess of the Internet: Traditional Religious Sensibilities in Serial Experiments Lain |
| Authors: | 貝海安
Bela, Gustavo |
| Contributors: | 吳欣芳
Wu, Hsin-Fang
貝海安
Gustavo Bela |
| Keywords: | 科幻動畫
神道教
佛教
宗教美學
Serial Experiments Lain
Sci-Fi Anime
Serial Experiments Lain
Shintoism
Buddhism
Religious Aesthetics |
| Date: | 2024 |
| Issue Date: | 2024-08-05 14:36:58 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究從神道教和佛教的宗教特徵以及其中所含的藝術概念這雙重框架出發，探討科幻動畫《Serial Experiments Lain》（1998）中呈現的前現代日本的宗教世界觀。本研究發現，儘管動畫中沒有直接提及，但將此部動畫中的世界建構和整體訊息與傳統的日本宗教宇宙觀進行比較的研究方式，是可行的。我的研究透過將情感精神感受置於理性之上的宗教思維方式，對動畫中感知到的「怪異」和「超自然」元素提供了新的理解。這也體現在動畫的藝術表現形式，進而將這部作品視為一種對自然現實的詩意啟蒙，而不是線性情節驅動的理性作品。
儘管不像其他科幻動畫那樣受歡迎，但《Serial Experiments Lain》多年來一直受到一群狂熱者的追隨，並在網路上產生了文化影響力。現今研究多半以網路身分、網路成癮、現實與數位之間的障礙為主題，對這部作品進行分析，將其置於後現代鏡頭下來看待。然而，這部動畫蘊藏多處對宗教和人性處境的深刻反思，動畫制作團隊也曾多次承認這出於日本文化因素的影響。本研究因此採用宗教美學的框架來探索日本文化元素在《Serial Experiments Lain》中的潛在作用，儘管不那麼明顯，但企圖藉此來填補學界這部份的空白。期望未來能有更多研究能從去西方中心化的認識論角度，重新欣賞不同文化的世界觀。
This research explores how pre-modern Japanese religious worldview can be used to analyse the sci-fi anime Serial Experiments Lain (1998), approached from a double framework of analysing religious characteristics of Shintoism and Buddhism as well as artistic concepts that were informed by those religious worldviews. My findings show that comparisons can be made between the show’s world building and overall message and the traditional Japanese religious cosmovision, even though there are no straightforward references to it. Furthermore, my research provides a new layer of understanding towards the perceived “weirdness” and “supernatural” elements of the show, by reframing them under a religious mindset that prioritises emotional-spiritual feelings over rationality. This is also seen in the way art developed, which looks to bring a poetic sense of enlightenment of the reality of nature rather than linear plot-driven rational works.
Serial Experiments Lain has enjoyed continuous cult following over the years and cultural presence online, in spite of not being as popular as other sci-fi anime. It is generally explored under its themes of online identity, internet addiction, the barriers between the real and the digital, and therefore is usually seen under postmodern lenses. However, religious topics and deep reflections on the human condition are present in the show and the creators acknowledged multiple times the influence of Japanese cultural factors. This research looks to fill in that gap by adopting a religious and aesthetic framework to explore how Japanese cultural elements are underlying in Serial Experiments Lain, in spite of not being that obvious. Hopefully, more research like this in the future will de-centralise analytical frameworks from a Western epistemological perspective and re-appreciate different cultural worldviews and perspectives. |
| Reference: | Aida, M. (2022). “For Now We See in a Mirror, Dimly”: Dialectical Wholeness in Oshii Mamoru’s Ghost in the Shell. Comparative Literature M.A. Essays., 11, 1-31. https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/complit_essays/11
Allison, A. (2006). Millennial Monsters: Japanese Toys and the Global Imagination. University of California Press.
Andrijauskas, A. (2003). Specific Features of Traditional Japanese Medieval Aesthetics. In J. Kuczyński (Ed.), Dialogue and Universalism: Metaphilosophy as the Wisdom of Science, Art, and Life (pp. 199-220). Polish Academy of Sciences. https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/87789
Arrighi, M. (2018). Reality Bonsai: Animism and Science-Fiction as a Blueprint for Media Art in Contemporary Japan. [Master of Philosophy, Southampton Solent University]. https://www.academia.edu/107882029/Reality_Bonsai_Animism_and_science_fiction_as_a_blueprint_for_media_art_in_contemporary_Japan
Ballús, A., & Torrents, A. G. (2014). Evangelion as Second Impact: Forever Changing That Which Never Was. Mechademia, 9, 283-293. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/mech.9.2014.0283
Balmes, S. (2020). Discourse, Character, and Time in Premodern Japanese Narrative: An Introduction. Narratological Perspectives on Premodern Japanese Literature (7), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.25619/BmE20203129
Bare, J. L. (2000). The Future: "Wrapped... in That Mysterious Japanese Way". Science Fiction Studies, 27(1), 22-48. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4240847
Beveridge, C. (1999). Serial Experiments Lain Vol. #1. Mania.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114355/http://www.mania.com/serial-experiments-lain-vol-1_article_73942.html
Breen, J., & Teeuwen, M. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. University of Hawai'i Press.
Breen, J., & Teeuwen, M. (2010). A New History of Shinto. Wiley-Blackwell.
Brown, S. T. (2010). Tokyo Cyberpunk: Posthumanism in Japanese Visual Culture. Palgrave Macmillan.
Butler, E. P. (2021). Polytheism as Methodology in the Study of Religions Oscillations: Non-Standard Experiments in Anthropology, the Social Sciences, and Cosmology [Online Journal]. https://oscillations.one/Assets/Publications/Polytheism+as+Methodology+in+the+Study+of+Religions
Calasso, R. (1988). The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony. Vintage.
Chandarana, F. (2017). Ghost in the Shell: A Re-Examination of the Discourse of the Human. The Criterion, 8(2), 813-819. https://www.the-criterion.com/V8/n2/FL06.pdf
Chaplin, S. (2006). Makeshift: Some Reflections on Japanese Design Sensibility Architectural Design, 75(4), 78-85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.107
Cox, R. (2003). The Zen Arts: An Anthropological Study of the Culture of Aesthetic Form in Japan. Taylor & Francis Group.
Curti, G. H. (2008). The Ghost in the City and A Landscape of Life: A Reading of Difference in Shirow and Oshii's Ghost in the Shell. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 26(1), 87-106. https://doi.org/10.1068/d458t
Davies, R. J., & Ikeno, O. (2002). The Japanese Mind: Understanding Contemporary Japanese Culture. Tuttle Publishing.
Davis, B. W., & Kasulis, T. P. (2019). Prince Shōtoku’s Constitution and the Synthetic Nature of Japanese Thought. In The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Philosophy (pp. 82-96). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199945726.013.5
Denison, R. (2015). Anime: A Critical Introduction. Bloomsbury Academic.
Domiková-Hashimoto, D. (1996). Development of Interpretation of the Word Ukiyo in Relation with Structural Changes in Japanese Society. Asian and African Studies, 5(2), 171-182. https://www.sav.sk/journals/aas/full/aas296f.pdf
fauux. (2013). Wired Sound for Wired People. https://fauux.neocities.org/
Frey, M. (2022). Posthumanism’s Western Localization and non-Western Posthumanism in Anime. On Stefan Lorenz Sorgner’s Philosophy of Posthuman Art. Deliberatio: Studies in Contemporary Philosophical Challenges, 2(2), 115-131. https://deliberatio.uvt.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/09_Malte-Frey_Posthumansims-Western-Locilization-and-non-Western-Posthumanism-in-Anime_On-Stefan-Lorenz-Sorgners-Philosophy-of-Posthuman-Art.pdf
Gardner, W. O. (2009). The Cyber Sublime and the Virtual Mirror: Information and Media in the Works of Oshii Mamoru and Kon Satoshi. Canadian Journal of Film Studies, 18(1), 44-70 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3138/cjfs.18.1.44
González Torrents, A. (2015). Animated Potentiality: Temporality and the Limits of Narrativity in Anime. Kyoto Seika University Journal, 35-51. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/104217/CONICET_Digital_Nro.fec3bc19-c7db-4b1b-bec3-f4801b31e066_A.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Halapsis, A. V. (2015). On the Nature of the Gods, or “Epistemological Polytheism” as History Comprehension Method. The European Philosophical and Historical Discourse 1(1), 53-59. https://ephd.cz/wp-content/uploads/2015/ephd_2015_1_1/09.pdf
Herbert, J. (2010). Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan. Routledge.
Holmes, S. (2023). Toward a General Theory of Digital Identities. Science Fiction Film & Television, 16(1-2), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.3828/sfftv.2023.4
Hu, T.-y. G. (2010). Frames of Anime: Culture and Image-Building. Hong Kong University Press.
Iglesia, M. d. l., & Schmeink, L. (2020). Akira and Ghost in the Shell (Case Study). In A. McFarlane, G. J. Murphy, & L. Schmeink (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Cyberpunk Culture. Routledge.
Inaga, S. (2013). Fracturing the Translation or Translating the Fractures? Questions in the Western Reception of Non-Linear Narratives in Japanese Arts and Poetics. Comparative Critical Studies, 10(supplement), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2013.0112
Iwabuchi, K. (2002). Recentering Globalization Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism. Duke University Press.
Izutsu, T. (1977). Toward a Philosophy of Zen Buddhism. Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy.
Izutsu, T., & Izutsu, T. (1981). The Theory of Beauty in the Classical Aesthetics of Japan. Springer.
Jackson, C. (2012). Topologies of Identity in Serial Experiments Lain. Mechademia Second Arc 7(1), 190-201. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/488599
Jensen, C. B., & Blok, A. (2013). Techno-animism in Japan: Shinto Cosmograms, Actor-network Theory, and the Enabling Powers of Non-human Agencies. Theory, Culture & Society, 30(2), 84-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276412456564
Juniper, A. (2003). Wabi Sabi: The Japanese Art of Impermanence. Tuttle Publishing.
Kasulis, T. P. (2004). Shinto: The Way Home. University of Hawai'i Press.
Kato, K. (1962). Some Notes on Mono no Aware. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 82(4), 558-559. https://www.jstor.org/stable/597529
Kinsella, S. (2014). Schoolgirls, Money and Rebellion in Japan. Routledge.
Knox, E., & Watanabe, K. (2018). AIBO Robot Mortuary Rites in the Japanese Cultural Context International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Madrid, Spain.
Koren, L. (1994). Wabi-Sabi: for Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers. Stone Bridge Press.
LaFleur, W. R. (1992). Symbol and Yugen: Shunzei's Use of Tendai Buddhism. In Flowing Traces: Buddhism in the Literary and Visual Arts of Japan (pp. 16-46). Princeton University Press
Lain Wiki. (2024). Tsuki Project. https://lain.wiki/wiki/TSUKI_Project
LaMarre, T. (2010). The Anime Machine: A Media Theory of Animation. University of Minnesota Press.
Manga Max. (1999). Cyberian Exile. Manga Max. https://www.cjas.org/~leng/pubs.htm
Marra, M. F. (1999). Modern Japanese Aesthetics: A Reader. University of Hawai'i Press.
Marra, M. F. (2010). Essays on Japan: Between Aesthetics and Literature. Brill.
Marra, M. F. (2011). Japan’s Frames of Meaning: A Hermeneutics Reader. University of Hawai'i Press.
Mente, B. L. D. (2011). Elements of Japanese Design. Tuttle Publishing.
Metropolitan Museum of Art. (1975). Momoyama: Japanese Art in Age of Grandeur. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Minford, J. (2015). I Ching: The Essential Translation of the Ancient Chinese Oracle and Book of Wisdom. Penguin Classics.
Murase, M. (1975). Japanese Art: Selections from the Mary and Jackson Burke Collection. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Murase, M. (2002). The Written Image: Japanese Calligraphy and Painting from the Sylvan Barnet and William Burto Collection. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Murase, S. (2006). Ergo Proxy. Manglobe.
Myers, M. (1992). "Wise" Blood and the Japanese Yūgen Aesthetic. The Flannery O'Connor Bulletin, 21, 58-72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26670415
Nakamura, R. (1998). Serial Experiments Lain. Triangle Staff.
Napier, S. J. (2002). When the Machines Stop: Fantasy, Reality, and Terminal Identity in "Neon Genesis Evangelion" and "Serial Experiments Lain". Science Fiction Studies, 29(3), 418-435. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4241108
Odin, S. (1985). The Penumbral Shadow: A Whiteheadian Perspective on the Yūgen Style of Art and Literature in Japanese Aesthetics. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 12(1), 63-90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30233341
Odin, S. (2001). Artistic Detachment in Japan and the West: Psychic Distance in Comparative Aesthetics. University of Hawai'i Press.
Okakura, K. (1956). The Book of Tea: Beauty, Simplicity and the Zen Aesthetic. Tuttle Publishing.
Oshii, M. (1995). Ghost in the Shell. Production I.G.
Otabe, T. (2018). The "Aesthetic Life": A Leitmotif in Modern Japanese Aesthetics. Contemporary Aesthetics 6, 1-12. https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1398&context=liberalarts_contempaesthetics
Otomo, K. (1988). Akira. Tokyo Movie Shinsha Co., Ltd.
Pilgrim, R. B. (1969). Some Aspects of Kokoro in Zeami. Monumenta Nipponica, 24(4), 393-401. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2383880
Pilgrim, R. B. (1977). The Artistic Way and the Religio-Aesthetic Tradition in Japan. Philosophy East and West, 27(3), 285-305. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1398000
Pilgrim, R. B. (1986). Intervals (Ma) in Space and Time: Foundations for a Religio-Aesthetic Paradigm in Japan. History of Religions, 25(3), 255-277. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062515
Plato. (1892). Phaedo (Translation). https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/plato/dialogues/benjamin-jowett/text/phaedo#phaedo-text
Prusinski, L. (2013). Wabi Sabi, Mono no Aware, and Ma: Tracing Traditional Japanese Aesthetics Through Japanese History. https://castle.eiu.edu/studiesonasia/documents/seriesIV/2-Prusinkski_001.pdf
Reddit. (2024). Liminal Space. https://www.reddit.com/r/LiminalSpace/
Robinson, T. (2000). Serial Experiments Lain: Fantastic Connections in a Wired World scifi.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20060720210555/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue123/anime.html
Rolon, N. (2013). Establishing a Post-human Identity Through Mamoru Oshii's Ghost in the Shell and Innocence Films [Bachelor of Arts, State University of New York]. https://nelsonrolon.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/141883612-establishing-a-post-human-identity-through-mamoru-oshiis-ghost-in-the-shell-and-innocence-films.pdf
Saito, K. (2020). Anime. In A. McFarlane, L. Schmeink, & G. Murphy (Eds.), The Routledge Companion To Cyberpunk Culture (pp. 151-161). Routledge.
Saito, Y. (1985). The Japanese Appreciation of Nature. British Journal of Aesthetics, 25(3), 239-251. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/25.3.239
Saito, Y. (2007). The Moral Dimension of Japanese Aesthetics. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 65(1), 85-97. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4622213
Sato, K. (2004). How Information Technology Has (Not) Changed Feminism and Japanism: Cyberpunk in the Japanese Context. Comparative Literature Studies, 41(3), 335-355. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40247417
Sato, S. (2010). Sumi-e: The Art of Japanese Ink Painting. Tuttle Publishing.
Shalet, D. (2019). Through the Looking Glass: Ghost in the Shell, Transhumanism, and Transcendence Through the Virtual. Implicit Religion, 21(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1558/imre.35338
Shirane, H. (2012). Japan and the Culture of the Four Seasons: Nature, Literature, and the Arts. Columbia University Press.
Suan, S. (2013). The Anime Paradox: Patterns and Practices Through the Lens of Traditional Japanese Theater. Global Oriental.
Suan, S. (2021). Anime's Identity: Performativity and Form Beyond Japan. University of Minnesota Press.
Tam, A. C.-m. (2019). Serial Communication Experiments: You Can (Not) Advance. In E. Bouet (Ed.), The (un)Certain Future of Empathy in Posthumanism, Cyberculture and Science Fiction (pp. 29-40). Brill.
Tanizaki, J. (1977). In Praise of Shadows. Leete's Island Books.
Thomas, J. B. (2009). Religion in Japanese Film: Focus on Anime. In J. Lyden (Ed.), The Routledge Companion to Religion and Film. Routledge.
Thomas, J. B. (2012). Drawing on Tradition: Manga, Anime, and Religion in Contemporary Japan. University of Hawai'i Press.
Thompson, R., & Bowen, C. J. (2009). Grammar of the Shot. Focal Press.
Thornhill, A. H. (1997). Yūgen after Zeami. In J. R. Brandon (Ed.), Nō and Kyōgen in the Contemporary World (pp. 36-64). University of Hawai'i Press.
Tool, M. (2003). Serial Experiments Lain. Anime Jump. https://web.archive.org/web/20080610033719/http://www.animejump.com/index.php?module=prodreviews&func=showcontent&id=201
Ueda, Y., & ABe, Y. (2000a). Online Chat with Yasuyuki Ueda and Yoshitoshi ABe. https://www.cjas.org/~leng/lainchat.htm
Ueda, Y., & Abe, Y. (2000b). Panel Discussion with Yasuyuki Ueda and Yoshitoshi ABe [Interview]. https://www.cjas.org/~leng/o2klain.htm
Ueda, Y., Konaka, C., & Nakamura, R. (1999). The Visual Experiments of Lain [Interview]. Animerica. https://www.cjas.org/~leng/pubs.htm#animer
Ueno, T. (1999). Techno‐Orientalism and Media‐Tribalism: On Japanese Animation and Rave Culture. Third Text, 13(47), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/09528829908576801
Varley, H. P. (2000). Japanese Culture. University of Hawai'i Press.
Wang, Y. (2003). Linguistic Strategies in Daoist Zhuangzi and Chan Buddhism: The Other Way of Speaking. Routledge.
Watanabe, M. (2011). Storytelling in Japanese Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Yalcinkaya, G. (2022). Are You Lainpilled? How Serial Experiments Lain Took Over the Memescape. Dazed and Confused. https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/57533/1/serial-experiments-lain-lainpilled-cyberpunk-memes-tiktok
Yasuda, K. (2011). Japanese Haiku: Its Essential Nature and History. Tuttle Publishing. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
111461004 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111461004 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際傳播英語碩士學程] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 100401.pdf | | 1705Kb | Adobe PDF | 2 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
