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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/148511


    Title: 以國際投資法論強化跨國企業之企業社會責任 —以勞動權益為中心－
    Strengthen the corporate social responsibility of multinational enterprises under international investment law - Focus on labor rights and interests
    Authors: 鄭宇倫
    Zheng, Yu-Lun
    Contributors: 薛景文
    Hsueh, Ching-Wen
    鄭宇倫
    Zheng Yu-Lun
    Keywords: 企業社會責任
    勞動權益
    國際投資協定
    Corporate Social Responsibility
    Labor right
    International Investment Agreements
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2023-12-01 10:51:32 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 在全球化的發酵下，各企業為了使自身之營利最大化，在經濟上的活動漸漸不僅限於自身國內的發展，許多企業會選擇擴張商業版圖，利用國際投資的方式達到更高的獲益。然而當跨國企業在蓬勃發展的同時，企業所追球的經濟利益可能會對環境、人權或是勞工等議題產生許多負面衝擊。因此企業社會責任逐漸走近人們眼中，期待跨國企業於進行國際貿易時能重視永續發展，然而企業社會責任並非在全球潮流積極推動下被徹底落實。
    如今，企業社會責任已經逐漸從道德概念發展成社會規範，造就國際間許許多多的政府或非政府組織訂定出規範，如國際勞工組織通過的許多公約，試圖使用較具強硬的手段使跨國企業能確實落實企業社會責任。因此，本文將聚焦在企業社會責任囊括概念中的「勞動權益」，討論在國際組織在促進跨國企業保障勞動權益之規範狀況與成效如何。
    接著，本文以合理的解釋認為若能以國際投資法的投資協定督促跨國企業保障勞動權益或許是一條有前景的選擇。因此，先歸納與整理出目前已存在且生效的國際投資協定中，有哪些保障勞動權益之條款，解釋該些條款是如何保障勞動權益，以及說明與地主國或跨國企業有哪些交互作用。
    最後，觀察現今已存在且生效的勞動條款，探討該些條款為何不能有效的規範跨國企業維護勞動權益，提點出其缺陷為何。並且針對勞動條款於實質與程序上的問題，提出如何修正投資協定之條文以改善現今拘束跨國企業落實企業社會責任之侷限。
    Under the fermentation of globalization, in order to maximize their profits, the economic activities of various enterprises are gradually not limited to their own domestic development, and many enterprises will choose to expand their business territory and use international investment to achieve higher benefits. Yet while multinational corporations are thriving, the economic interests they pursue can have many negative impacts on issues such as the environment, human rights or labor. Therefore, corporate social responsibility is gradually approaching people's eyes, and it is expected that multinational enterprises can attach importance to sustainable development when conducting international trade, but corporate social responsibility is not fully implemented under the active promotion of the global trend.
    Nowadays, corporate social responsibility has gradually developed from a moral concept into a social norm, resulting in many international governments or non-governmental organizations to formulate norms, such as many conventions adopted by the International Labor Organization, trying to use more forceful means to enable multinational enterprises to truly implement corporate social responsibility. Therefore, this paper will focus on "labor rights" in the concept of corporate social responsibility and discuss the normative status and effectiveness of international organizations in promoting the protection of labor rights in multinational enterprises.
    Then, with a reasonable explanation, this paper thinks that it may be a promising option to urge multinational enterprises to protect labor rights through investment agreements of international investment law. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and sort out the existing and effective international investment agreements, which provisions protect labor rights, explain how these provisions protect labor rights, and explain the interaction with host countries or multinational enterprises.
    Finally, this article observes the existing and effective labor clauses, discusses why these clauses cannot effectively regulate multinational enterprises to safeguard labor rights and interests, and points out their defects. In view of the substantive and procedural problems of the labor clause, this paper proposes how to amend the provisions of the investment agreement to improve the current constraints on the implementation of corporate social responsibility by multinational enterprises.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    （一）書籍
    吳必然，國際投資法－協定與仲裁（上），初版，40（2023）。
    李貴英，國際投資法專論，2004年
    （二）期刊論文
    劉廷揚、林志峰與徐苹甄，企業社會責任與員工幸福感-志工角色認知的中介作用，經營管理學刊，第十二期，頁111（2017年）。
    高毅民、鄭宗雄，以系統化運作模式推動企業社會責任—最新 ISO 26000 社會責任標準介紹，永續產業發展季刊，第55期（2016）。
    李明機，簡析企業社會責任(CSR)之發展趨勢，證券櫃檯買賣中心，https://bcsd.org.tw/wp-content/uploads/124.upload.155.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2023年6月16日）。
    薛景文，論環保條款於投資協定之新定位，成大法學第33期，頁47 (2017年)。
    李健鴻，跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定（CPTPP）之高標準勞動規範，台灣勞工季刊，第69期。
    申永順、胡憲倫與簡又新，企業永續性揭露之國內現況與國際發展趨勢介紹，永續產業發展季刊，第61期。
    徐耀浤、詹世榕，從國際法觀點簡析 OECD 多國企業指導綱領之法律性質與我國之因應之思維，應用倫理研究通訊，第40期（2006年）。
    楊雅智，淺談企業社會責任之國際發展趨勢與國內推動現況，證券暨期貨月刊，第33卷第1期，5（2015年）。
    曾恕貞，跨國企業投資行為規範機制－企業社會責任之法制與實踐，東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士論文，頁1（2010）。
    李如蘋，國際投資法保障勞工權利的效力，國立政治大學國際經營與貿易學系研究所碩士學位論文，頁1（2019年）。
    徐耀浤，企業責任與投資環境，應用倫理研究通訊，第40期，頁18，頁23、24（2006年）。
    莫冬立，企業社會責任守則全球發展現況與未來趨勢，證券櫃檯，第141期 頁27。
    張文愷，雙邊投資條約可持續發展原則研究，法學，第10(5)期，頁771 (2022)。
    顏慧欣，美國雙邊投資條款之發展與對我國之啟示，WTO電子報，第344期（2012年12月21日）。
    潘昭容、黃瓊瑤等，ESG永續性報導準則與實務專題 ──GRI通用準則改版(一)，Angle Accounting Magazine（2022）.
    （三）網際網路
    全球蘇利文原則（Global Sulliven），產業永續發展整合資訊網，2009年6月9日，https://proj.ftis.org.tw/isdn/Article/ArticleView/40?mid=111&page=1&groupid=28&subgroup=41。

    劉力禎，GRI準則內容介紹，BSI英國標準協會，https://www.bsigroup.com/LocalFiles/zh-tw/e-news/No160/GRI-Standards-intro-BSI-Alex-Liu.pdf。
    鐘子晴，試析投資人與地主國爭端解決機制下環保反訴主張之準據，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，第279期，網址：http://www.tradelaw.nccu.edu.tw/epaper/no279/3.pdf。
    莊雅涵，從美國新版雙邊投資協定範本（new model BIT）看台美簽署雙邊投資協定之可能，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，第134期，網址：http://www.tradelaw.nccu.edu.tw/epaper/no134/2.pdf。
    全球蘇利文原則（Global Sulliven），產業永續發展整合資訊網，2009年6月9日，https://proj.ftis.org.tw/isdn/Article/ArticleView/40?mid=111&page=1&groupid=28&subgroup=41 （最後瀏覽日：2023年7月30日）。
    劉黃麗娟，WHA之後，國際勞工組織大會也將封殺台灣？，報導者，2017年5月26日，
    https://www.twreporter.org/a/opinion-international-labour-conference。
    美國之音，國際勞工組織呼籲改善移民狀況，2019年11月1日，https://www.voacantonese.com/a/vietnam-migrants-20191101/5148613.html（最後瀏覽日：2023年7月20日）。
    （四）法規
    上市上櫃公司永續發展實務守則第1條

    二、外文文獻
    （一）期刊論文
    Prislan, Vid and Zandvliet, Ruben, Labor Provisions in International Investment Agreements: Prospects for Sustainable Development. Published in Yearbook of International Investment Law and Policy 2012/2013, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2171716 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2171716.
    Wells Sheffer, Bilateral Investment Treaties: A Friend or Foe to Human Rights (2011) 39(3) Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 495.
    Ying Zhu, Corporate Social Responsibility and International Investment Law: Tension and Reconciliation, 2017 NORDIC JOURNAL OF COMMERCIAL LAW 90, 92 (2017)
    Thomas Lahey, Using Bilateral Investment Treaties to Promote Corporate Social Responsibility and Stimulate Sustainable Development, 15 RUTGERS BUS. L. REV. 101, 114-15 (2019).
    Seira Shin-Clayton, The Enforcement of Corporate Social Responsibility through Contractual Terms in Business to Business Contracts through the Supply Chain, 24 AUCKLAND U. L. REV. 231 (2018).
    Katia Yannaca-Small, Corporate Social Responsibility and the International Investment Law Regime: Not Business as Usual, 17 U. St. Thomas L.J. 402 (2021).
    Fangjin Ye, The impact of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) on collective labor rights in developing countries, Rev Int Organ 15, 899–921 (2020).
    Ronald C. Brown, Measuring China's Social Insurance Law under International Standards of International Labour Organization and Influences of Social Dimension Provisions of Free Trade Agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties, 45 HONG KONG L.J. 651 (2015).
    Viens, A.M, The Fundamental Importance of the Normative Analysis of Health, HEALTH CARE ANAL 27, 1–3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-019-00365-x.
    （二）國際協定
    Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union Model BIT (2019)
    Barbados - BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) BIT (2009).
    Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (2018).
    Bahrain - Japan BIT (2022)
    Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States, and Canada (2019)
    Hungary - Oman BIT (2022)
    The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement
    （三）報告
    GRI STANDARDS, GRI 3: MATERIAL TOPICS 2021 4 (2021).
    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, OECD, https://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/48004323.pdf
    INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION, ISO IN BRIEF 2 (2019) https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/store/en/PUB100007.pdf
    INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION, ISO 26000 GUIDANCE ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 6 (2018)
    Yannicl Radi, Labour Provisions and Dispute Settlement in International Investment Agreements 4 (2016).
    BERTRAM BOIE, LABOUR RELATED PROVISIONS IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS 13 (2012)
    TOVE LOVGREN FRISK, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LABOUR PROVISIONS IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES AND THEIR FUTURE POTENTIAL 21 (2018).
    MANJIAO CHI, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROVISIONS IN INVESTMENT TREATIES (2018).
    UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS, GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS, IMPLEMENTING THE UNITED NATIONS “PROTECT, RESPECT AND REMEDY” FRAMEWORK 33 (2012).
    RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS ALLIANCE, RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS ALLIANCE CODE OF CONDUCT 1 (2021)
    LOUISE VYTOPIL, CONTRACTUAL CONTROL AND LABOUR-RELATED CSR NORMS IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN: DUTCH BEST PRACTICES (2012).
    THE UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND, CHILDREN’S RIGHTS AND BUSINESS PRINCIPLES (2010).
    （四）網際網路
    Adopt the Children’s Rights and Business Principles, NGLOBALCOMPACT, https://unglobalcompact.org/take-action/action/child-rights (last visited: July 25, 2023).
    Casey Schoff, The Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility, ECOLYTICS (Mar. 8, 2023), https://www.ecolytics.io/blog/evolution-of-csr.
    Mauricio Andrés Latapí Agudelo, Lára Jóhannsdóttir & Brynhildur Davídsdóttir, A literature review of the history and evolution of corporate social responsibility, International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility (Jan. 22, 2019), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-018-0039-y.
    THE 17 GOALS, UNITED NATIONS [UN], https://sdgs.un.org/goals (last visited: July 22, 2023).
    Mats Jutterström, What drives, and counteracts, standard plurality? - CSR standards and organizations setting them, https://www.diva portal.org/smash/get/diva2:649943/FULLTEXT01.pdf (last visited: June 30, 2023).
    ILO, The ILO : what it is, what it does, July 22, 2004, available at http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---webdev/docu ments/publication/wcms_082364.pdf.
    The world’s largest corporate sustainability initiative, nglobalcompact, https://unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc (last visited: July 12, 2023).
    Adopt the Children’s Rights and Business Principles, nglobalcompact, https://unglobalcompact.org/take-action/action/child-rights (last visited: July 25, 2023)
    Conventions and Recommendations, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION,
    https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/conventions-and-recommendations/lang--en/index.htm (last visited: July 25, 2023).
    RULES OF THE GAME, An introduction to the standards-related work of the International Labour Organization, international labour organization, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---normes/documents/publication/wcms_672549.pdf.
    UN Guiding Principles, BUSINESS HUMANRIGHTS ORG, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/big-issues/un-guiding-principles-on-business-human-rights/ (last visited: July 25, 2023).
    Hirsch, M. (2008). Interactions between investment and non-investment obligations. In P. Muchlinski (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of international investment law.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際經營與貿易學系
    110351041
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110351041
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of International Business] Theses

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