政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/147273

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/147273

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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147273

Title:	由移入國與移出國之跨域責任建構我國無證移工之健康權保障 Establishing health protection for Taiwan’s Undocumented Migrant workers: a new approach
Authors:	吳威嬅 Wu, Wei-Hua
Contributors:	孫迺翊 Sun, Nai-Yi 吳威嬅 Wu, Wei-Hua
Keywords:	無證移工健康權社會權健康保險社會救助菲律賓
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2023-09-01 16:22:24 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	我國自1989年開放藍領移工，便確立限業限量、補充性原則的移民政策，並在2023年達73萬4,434人。另一方面，無證移工數量也高達8萬3,277人，超過一成。這些無證移工多來自越南、印尼、菲律賓及泰國，往往是由有證移工轉為失聯移工。在轉為無證移工後，因不再具有居留證明文件而被全民健康保險退保。這些無證移工的健康權保障便無法再由全民健康保險承擔，也無法取得社會救助法的醫療補助及急難救助。在現行法制下，只能取得緊急救護體系下的緊急救護。文中指出無證移工的健康權保障難題，毋寧在於移入國拒斥無證移工的移民政策，而社會安全法制又深受移民政策影響，使得移入國抗拒給予無證移工更多的健康權保障。在這樣的背景下，荷蘭社會法學者Gijsbert Vonk在2012年後開始提出應將移出國的角色納入，由移入國與移出國共同承擔無證移工健康權保障的法政策論點。本文便是在學者的論點下，嘗試結合我國作為移入國，與越南、印尼、菲律賓及泰國作為移出國所應承擔的責任。本文發現，在學者的論點下，仍須依賴移出國的立場。關此，菲律賓在2019年後已將其海外無證移工納入菲律賓健康保險的強制投保對象，至於其他三國，雖有發展出保障海外移工社會權的特殊制度，卻將無證移工排除在外。本文因而提出，作為無證移工所在國且健康照護體系較為完善的移入國，仍有主要提供無證移工健康權保障的責任與優勢，本文因而借鑑比利時的急迫醫療救助制度，提出我國現行社會救助法的不足，應增訂「無證移工之醫療救助」一章。至於，移出國的跨域責任則可由承擔部分無證移工的醫療費用而實現。
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