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    Title: 台資銀行國際佈局策略之研究
    A study on the strategy of overseas expansion of Taiwanese banks
    Authors: 盧樹弘
    Lu, Shu-Hung
    Contributors: 張士傑
    Chang, Shih-Chieh
    盧樹弘
    Lu, Shu-Hung
    Keywords: 台資銀行
    國際佈局
    策略
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2023-03-09 18:18:59 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 台資銀行的海外分支機構數量及業務規模在主管機關鬆綁後快速成長,但持續拓點對銀行整體獲利的必要性及策略仍待進一步檢視。花旗銀行在2022年宣布全球策略的調整,企業金融業務並不會帶來任何改變,但將退出包括台灣等13個市場的消費金融業務,以利集團把資源用以投資更具有競爭優勢及規模的業務為股東帶來更高的報酬。C銀行的國際化除了在產品、業務的深度及據點的廣度外,組織的架構、管理階層及人才的訓練也很早就建立了以國際化為長期策略佈局的主軸,也已將風險資本的報酬率(RORAC)納入最重要的績效評量因子之一,在不同部門及分支機構之間提供了一個衡量收益的統一標準。C銀行的國際化除了開拓新市場提升獲利,分散過度集中於大中華的業務風險外,海外營運的不確定性及業務的複雜度也隨之提升,尤以在信用成本較高的市場或發生顯著的系統性風險時,由於市場地位及資訊的不對稱,往往會遭受到較當地銀行更大的衝擊,日趨嚴格的反恐及洗錢規範及高度監管也間接地提高了海外營運的困難度,間接侵蝕了海外市場的高利差,大部份市場若以風險調整後的獲利能力來看反而不及國內市場,遑論目前在世界各地急速增加的地緣政治風險。要強化海外分支機構的獲利,策略彈性、業務聚焦及人才將會是突破的策略關鍵,既然在管理架構及績效指標已經訂定以RORAC為評量的依據,也確認風險及成本對應符合風險策略及營運目標,就應該如花旗銀行般有效率的削減不具競爭優勢或成本高的業務,讓釋出的資本可以投入其他地區或業務打開新成長及獲利空間。台資銀行經常在海外的營運上常見其策略上的僵固性、業務過於發散不夠聚焦及不夠有耐心。策略很可能是在短時間形成,但在執行時需要經歷耐心等待不斷修正並調整的過程,目前瞬息萬變的經營環境,投資者和管理階層經營通常缺乏耐心,如此一來就更難獲致實現長期策略的時間與空間,這是在以獲致股東最大利益與極大化風險資本報酬為最高指導原則時也應考慮的策略面向。
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    1.朱柯達、孟佳琪,(2019),銀行理財子公司的影響、挑戰與建議,浙江金融,2019年09期。
    2.李樹生,(2008),我國商業銀行跨國經營分析原因、現狀和戰略,首都經濟貿易大學金融研究中心,2008年 04期。
    3.黃啟瑞、董澤平及李文瑞,(2009),中國銀行業國際化之區位選擇因素,中國大陸研究第52卷01期。

    二、英文文獻
    1.Bank of International Settlement, (2022). BIS quarterly review vol. March 2022.
    2.Caihua Zhang, Tingran Zhang, Tongxin Tan, (2020). Internationalization of Chinese Banks: How to Strengthen and Enhance Overseas Operations and Management, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2020).
    3.Canan Yildirim and Georgios Efthyvoulou, (2018). Bank value and geographic diversification: regional vs global, Journal of Financial Stability, vol. 36.
    4.Charles W. Calomiris & Mark S. Carey, (1994). Loan market competition between foreign and U.S. banks: some facts about loans and borrowers, Proceedings 38, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    5.Clifford A. Ball and Adrian Tschoegl, (1982). The Decision to Establish a Foreign Bank Branch or Subsidiary: An Application of Binary Classification Procedures, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 1982, vol. 17, issue 3.
    6.Federica Sist, (2018). Internationalization of Banks : European Cross-border Deals, Springer International Publishing AG.
    7. Haiyan Yin, (2021). Foreign bank entry and bank competition: Cross-country heterogeneity, Global Finance Journal, vol. 48.
    8.Herbert G. Grubel, (1977). A Theory of Multinational Banking, Department of Economics and Commerce, Simon Fraser University.
    9.Hsin-Yu, Liang, Yann Peng, Ching, Kam C.Chan, (2013). Enhancing bank performance through branches or representative offices? Evidence from European banks, International Business Review, June 2013。
    10.Manijeh Sabi, (1988). An Application of the Theory of Foreign Direct Investment to Multinational Banking in LDCs, Journal of International Business Studies volume October, 1988.

    三、網站資料
    1.中華民國中央銀行全球資訊網網站
    2.金融監督管理委員會全球資訊網網站
    3.花旗(台灣)銀行網站
    4.匯豐銀行網站
    5.維基百科網站
    6.百度百科網站
    7.ETToday新聞雲,(2021),一張圖看懂花旗銀在台發展史!一度攻上第二大信用卡銀行。https://finance.ettoday.net/news/1962431
    8.S&P Global, (2022). Banking industry country risk assessment update, June 2022.
    9.McKinsey & Company, (2022). McKinsey’s global banking annual review 2021. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/global-banking-annual-review
    10.Bank of America, N.A., (2017-2021). Annual report year 2017-2021. https://investor.bankofamerica.com/regulatory-and-other-filings/all-sec-filings/
    11.Citigroup Inc, (2012-2021). Annual report year 2012-2021.
    https://www.citigroup.com/global/investors/annual-reports-and-proxy-statements/
    12.JPMorgan $ Chase Co., (2017-2021). Annual report year 2017-2021.
    https://jpmorganchaseco.gcs-web.com/
    13.U.S. Bancorp, (2017-2021). Annual report year 2017-2021.
    https://ir.usbank.com/investor-relations/financial-information/annual-reports/
    14.Wells Fargo & Company, (2017-2021). Annual report year 2017-2021.
    https://www.wellsfargo.com/about/investor-relations/annual-reports/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
    109932059
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109932059
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[經營管理碩士學程EMBA] 學位論文

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