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Title:	區塊鏈實現虛擬資產交易所監管機制 Implementation of virtual asset service provider supervision with blockchain
Authors:	陳幼穎 Chen, Yu-Ying
Contributors:	陳恭 Chen, Kung 陳幼穎 Chen, Yu-Ying
Keywords:	區塊鏈智能合約旅行規則 Blockchain Smart contract Travel rule ELK
Date:	2022
Issue Date:	2022-09-02 15:47:12 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	近年來加密貨幣的創造募資與個人化投資日漸興盛，世界各國的加密貨幣平台也是遍地開花，在這波狂潮中，為之不法的詐騙集團或犯罪組織也參與在其中，而國際組織為了避免此新興產業成為了洗錢詐騙的溫床，也加速促進了虛擬通貨的規範的建立與法令制定，2019年6月國際金融特別行動組織發布了有關虛擬資產和虛擬貨幣交易所的定義與建議其實施方針，其中「旅行規則」即為各行業參與者提出了特殊的挑戰，需要服務提供商來獲取在客戶端發起交易時，取得其發送者與接收者的機敏資訊如發送者/接收者姓名、生日及國籍與對象VASP等，在2021年7月我國金管會也頒布相關防制洗錢及打擊資恐辦法。由於上述的法規並綜合思考我國曾發生的交易平台問題個案和多起加密貨幣平台詐騙申報案例，進而著手相關的研究，發現現行服務業者作業流程仍未自動化資料串流，在消費者在進行虛擬資產轉帳時，也未有強制性要求需填寫收款方詳細資訊的準則，交易所之間資訊上的不透明造成合規上的困難，而主管機關雖訂定了相關條例，對於新興產業的監管初期，應著眼於控管交易平台與消費者之間的資訊不對稱問題，與交易平台的安全性授權問題，針對以上幾點，延伸出以政府監管單位為中心化提供虛擬資產交易所的解決方案平台和實現概念性證明。本研究採用基於以太坊生態鏈發展的聯盟鏈Hyperledger Besu，透過私密交易的特性來傳送發送者和接收者的機敏資訊，並授權虛擬資產交易所聯盟鏈上之節點，透過智能合約實現相關授權，並以監管機構的角度，將稽核數據收集，利用ELK視覺化平台進行數據查核的實現。 In recent years, the creation of cryptocurrency for the initial coin offering(ICO) and personalized investment are going viral, and Virtual Asset Service Provider(VASP) also have blossomed around the world. In this hot spot, some illegal fraud groups or criminal organizations have also participated in this wave of virtual assets. In order to prevent the emerging industry to become a hotbed of money laundering, international organizations have also accelerated the establishment of virtual assets norms and the formulation of laws and regulations in June 2019. Among them, the "travel rule" became the massive challenges for the participants, as the rule requires that initiating VASP must collect the sensitive information of senders and receivers such as sender/receiver name, birthday and Nationality and the target VASP. In July 2021, my country`s Financial Supervisory Commission also published relevant standards for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism. Motivated by the above-mentioned regulations and comprehensive consideration of VASP litigation and fraud reporting on cryptocurrency platforms which have occurred in my country, I started to investigate the compliance for VASP, and found that their main operation process for data streaming has not yet been automated. Besides, the service for consumer asset transfer does not require to fill in the detailed information of the receiver. The opaqueness of information between exchanges has caused difficulties in compliance. In the early stage of emerging industry, the competent authority should focus on controlling the information asymmetry between the VASP and consumers, and the security of authorization provided by the VASP. In view of the above points, I propose a solution for virtual asset service providers with government supervision units as the center, and implemented a PoC to realize my idea. This PoC adopts Hyperledger Besu, a consortium blockchain platform based on Ethereum, which provides private transactions to hide sender and receiver`s sensitive data during asset transfer, and authorizes nodes on the consortium chain of VASP through smart contracts. In addition, our system enables regulator to supervise asset transfers by auditing the data collected from consortium chain in an easy to view visual form provided by the ELK platform.
Reference:	[1] sandrine giroud. (2015). Art, Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing: New Developments in Swiss Law - Art, Cultural Institutions and Heritage Law. [2] FATF. (2021). VIRTUAL ASSETS AND VIRTUAL ASSET SERVICE PROVIDERS. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/recommendations/Updated-Guidance-VA-VASP.pdf [3] 楊岳平. (2020). 金融科技時代下的金融監管挑戰：論虛擬通貨交易平台的監管架構。 [4] 金融監督管理委員會. (2021). 虛擬通貨平台及交易業務事業防制洗錢及打擊資恐辦法. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0380268 [5] 金融監督管理委員會. (2016). 洗錢防制法. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0380131 [6] European union(eu). (2016). Guidelines on the Interplay of the Second Payment Services Directive and the GDPR. https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_202006_psd2_afterpublicconsultation_en.pdf [7] FATF. (2022, June). Targeted Update on Implementation of FATF’s Standards on VAs and VASPs. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/fatfrecommendations/documents/targeted-update-virtual-assets-vasps.html [8] David Riegelnig, & Bitcoin Suisse. (2019). Openvasp: An Open Protocol to Implement Fatf’s Travel Rule for Virtual Assets. [9] Satoshi, N. (2008). A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf [10] U.s. department of the treasury. (n.d.). OFAC SDN List – Treasury. https://www.treasury.gov/ofac/downloads/sdnlist.txt [11] Remix IDE. http://remix.ethereum.org/ [12] Hyperledger Besu. (n.d.). White Paper. https://besu.hyperledger.org/en/stable/Tutorials/Developer-Quickstart/ [13] 陳恭. (2017). 區塊鏈革命 – 迎向產業新契機。
Description:	碩士國立政治大學資訊科學系碩士在職專班 108971023
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108971023
Data Type:	thesis
DOI:	10.6814/NCCU202201490
Appears in Collections:	[Executive Master Program of Computer Science of NCCU] Theses

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