Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141832
|
| Title: | 福利政策的地方政治：以阿根廷與印尼爲例
The Politics of Subnational Welfare Provision: Cases of Argentina and Indonesia |
| Authors: | 葉皓勤
Jerzewski, Marcin Mateusz |
| Contributors: | 蘇彥斌
Su, Yen-Pin
葉皓勤
Marcin Mateusz Jerzewski |
| Keywords: | 社會政策
次國家政治
恩庇侍從主義
有條件現金轉移支付
阿根廷
印尼
social policy
subnational politics
patron-clientelism
Conditional Cash Transfers
Argentina
Indonesia |
| Date: | 2022 |
| Issue Date: | 2022-09-02 15:45:55 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究試圖解釋為何一國的全國性社會政策會有地域差異。具體而言，本研究聚焦於有條件現金轉移支付（Conditional Cash Transfer, CCT）政策的實施，這種政策的主要特點在於追求短期扶貧和長期人力資本發展。目前大多數關於有條件現金轉移支付的文獻主要著重探討政策成果，卻少有研究解釋為何這類社會政策在實施過程中會出現地方層次的差異，亦即：為什麽一些地區比其他地區更有可能從中央政府的有條件現金轉移支付計劃中受益？為了回答這個問題，本研究利用多層次治理理論來分析阿根廷的「普遍兒童社會保護津貼」 和印尼的「家庭希望計劃」。本研究提出並驗證以下假設：當一個地方行政區的首長和總統隸屬不同政黨時，該行政區比較不會配合有條件現金轉移政策的執行。本研究對於阿根廷與印尼的實證分析結果顯示，當一個地方行政區的首長隸屬反對黨，則該行政區的有條件現金轉移覆蓋率會比較低；而在進一步進行質化分析後，本文發現印尼的「家庭希望計劃」相對更容易受到地方精英與侍從主義的影響。總體而言，此研究在發展中國家福利政策和多層次治理的文獻上做出了貢獻，並突顯未來開展跨區域理論構建和比較分析有其必要性。
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate what factors produce subnational territorial differentiation in national social program implementation. Specifically, I focus on the implementation of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs whose main feature is the simultaneous targeting of short-term poverty alleviation goals and long-term human capital development objectives. The existing literature on CCTs focuses primarily on the program outcomes; however, an important understudied aspect of these programs is their implementation, and specifically subnational variation in social program implementation. Why are some subnational units more likely to receive benefits from the national government’s CCT programs than others? To answer this question, I apply the multilevel governance theory to analyze the cases of Argentine Asignación Universal por Hijo (AUH; Universal Child Allowance for Social Protection) and the Indonesian Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH; Family Hope Program) programs. I hypothesize that when the opposition party governs a subnational government, this subnational unit tends to implement the CCT program less comprehensively. Using subnational-level data from Argentina and Indonesia, the quantitative analysis demonstrates that political opposition decreases CCT coverage rates in both case study countries. Qualitative analysis demonstrates that the PKH program is comparatively more susceptible to local elite capture and patronage-based distribution. Overall, this study contributes to literature on welfare policies in the Global South and multilevel governance and demonstrates the need for future work aimed at cross-regional theory building and comparative analysis. |
| Reference: | Abramo, Lais. 2022. Policies to Address the Challenges of Existing and New Forms of Informality in Latin America. Santiago, Chile: Social Development Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Social Policy Report No. 240. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/47774/1/S2100648_en.pdf.
Agencia de Noticias San Luis. 2017. “Adolfo Invitó a 300 Mujeres a Creer En El ‘Modelo San Luis.’” Agencia de Noticias San Luis. http://agenciasanluis.com/notas/2017/07/26/adolfo-invito-a-300-mujeres-a-creer-en-el-modelo-san-luis/.
———. 2022. “Plan de Inclusión Social: ‘Hoy El Plan Está Desnaturalizado, Necesitamos Reconducirlo y Sanearlo.’” Agencia de Noticias San Luis. http://agenciasanluis.com/notas/2022/04/01/plan-de-inclusion-social-hoy-el-plan-esta-desnaturalizado-necesitamos-reconducirlo-y-sanearlo/.
Alatas, Vivi et al. 2016. “Self-Targeting: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia.” Journal of Political Economy 124(2): 371–427.
Alesich, Simone. 2008. “Dukun and Bidan: The Work of Trained and Traditional Midwives in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.” In Women and Work in Indonesia, eds. Michele Ford and Parker Lin. New York, NY: Routledge, 61–81.
Allen, Nathan W. 2015. “Clientelism and the Personal Vote in Indonesia.” Electoral Studies 37: 73–85.
Altman, David, and Rossana Castiglioni. 2009. “Democratic Quality and Human Development in Latin America: 1972–2001.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 42(2): 297–319.
———. 2020. “Determinants of Equitable Social Policy in Latin America (1990–2013).” Journal of Social Policy 49(4): 763–84.
Alwi, Muhammad, and Marwati Sulni. 2021. “Program Keluarga Harapan Dan Upaya Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Keluarga Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.” Sosio Konsepsia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesejahteraan Sosial 11(1): 307–19.
ANSES. 2022. “Montos de Asignación Universal Por Hija/o y Por Embarazo Para Protección Social.” The National Social Security Administration of the Argentine Republic. https://www.anses.gob.ar/informacion/montos-de-asignacion-universal-por-hijao-y-por-embarazo-para-proteccion-social.
Antara. 2020. “62.848 Pekerja Jawa Barat Di-PHK Dan Dirumahkan Akibat Covid-19.” tempo.co. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1337360/62-848-pekerja-jawa-barat-di-phk-dan-dirumahkan-akibat-covid-19.
Arceneaux, Kevin, and Gregory A. Huber. 2007. “What to Do (and Not Do) with Multicollinearity in State Politics Research.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 7(1): 81–101.
Arifin, Evi Nurvidya et al. 2015. “Quantifying Indonesia’s Ethnic Diversity: Statistics at National, Provincial, and District Levels.” Asian Population Studies 11(3): 233–56.
Arocena, Felipe, and Kirk S. Bowman. 2014. Lessons from Latin America: Innovations in Politics, Culture, and Development. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Artz, Lee, ed. 2017. The Pink Tide: Media Access and Political Power in Latin America. London and New York: Rowman & Littlefield International.
Arza, Camila. 2016. “All Children Equal? Between Expansion and Segmentation in Social Policies for Early Childhood in Argentina.” In San Jose, Costa Rica.
Aspinall, Edward, and Ward Berenschot. 2019. Democracy for Sale: Elections, Clientelism, and the State in Indonesia. Ithaca [New York]: Cornell University Press.
Auyero, Javier. 2000. “The Logic of Clientelism in Argentina: An Ethnographic Account.” Latin American Research Review 35(3): 55–81.
Aytaç, S. Erdem, and Ziya Őniş. 2014. “Varieties of Populism in a Changing Global Context: The Divergent Paths of Erdoğan and Kirchnerismo.” Comparative Politics 47(1): 41–59.
Aytaç, S. Erdem. 2014. “Distributive Politics in a Multiparty System: The Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Turkey.” Comparative Political Studies 47(9): 1211–37.
Badan Pusat Statistik, ed. 2013. Proyeksi penduduk Indonesia 2010-2035. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
———. 2022. Statistik Indonesia 2022. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Baidhowah, Adfin Rochmad. 2021. “Patronage Is Politicising Indonesia’s Bureaucracy.” East Asia Forum. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/05/13/patronage-is-politicising-indonesias-bureaucracy/.
Balla, Steven J., and Christopher J. Deering. 2015. “Salience, Complexity and State Resistance to Federal Mandates.” Journal of Public Policy 35(3): 459–76.
Basavilbaso, Emilio. 2016. “Más Cerca Del Ingreso Universal a La Niñez.” https://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/mas-cerca-del-ingreso-universal-a-la-ninez-nid1892726/.
Bastagli, Francesca et al. 2016. “Cash Transfers: What Does the Evidence Say? A Rigorous Review of Programme Impact and of the Role of Design and Implementation Features.” London, Englanf. Overseas Development Institute report.
Becher, Michael, and Michael Donnelly. 2013. “Economic Performance, Individual Evaluations, and the Vote: Investigating the Causal Mechanism.” The Journal of Politics 75(4): 968–79.
Beck, Nathaniel, and Jonathan N. Katz. 1995. “What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data.” American Political Science Review 89(3): 634–47.
Behrend, Jacqueline. 2011. “Democracy at the Subnational Level: Provincial Closed Games in Argentina.” Latin American Research Review 46(1): 150–76.
Berenschot, Ward. 2018. “The Political Economy of Clientelism: A Comparative Study of Indonesia’s Patronage Democracy.” Comparative Political Studies 51(12): 1563–93.
Berenschot, Ward, and Edward Aspinall. 2020. “How Clientelism Varies: Comparing Patronage Democracies.” Democratization 27(1): 1–19.
Bertrand, J. 2007. “Indonesia’s Quasi-Federalist Approach: Accommodation amid Strong Integrationist Tendencies.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 5(4): 576–605.
Blekesaune, Morten. 2003. “Public Attitudes toward Welfare State Policies: A Comparative Analysis of 24 Nations.” European Sociological Review 19(5): 415–27.
Brookes, Marissa. 2017. “The Road Less Traveled: An Agenda for Mixed-Methods Research.” PS: Political Science & Politics 50(04): 1015–18.
Budiatri, Aisah Putri. 2022. “The Impact of Local Parties on Party System Institutionalisation in Post-Conflict Aceh.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 41(1): 34–58.
Bunnell, Tim, and Michelle Ann Miller. 2011. “Jakarta in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Decentralisation, Neo-Liberalism and Global City Aspiration.” Space and Polity 15(1): 35–48.
Caistor, Nick. 2015. “Latin America: The ‘pink Tide’ Turns.” BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-35060390.
Caminos, Mauricio. 2011. “La Receta Del Modelo San Luis.” La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/la-receta-del-modelo-san-luis-nid1397541/.
Cappiello, Hernan. 2015. “Pro Justifica El Giro Discursivo de Macri Con La Idea de Evitar Una Continua Confrontación.” La Nación. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/ 1812162-pro-justifica-el-giro-discursivo-de-macri-con-la-idea-de-evitar-unacontinua-confrontacion.
Ciccia, Rossella, and Jana Javornik. 2019. “Methodological Challenges for Comparative Welfare State Research: Capturing Intra-Country Variation in Cross-National Analyses.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 21(1): 1–8.
CNN Indonesia. 2020. “Ridwan Kamil Kritik Keras Pemerintah Pusat Soal Data Bansos.” CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/ 20200508015745-20-501129/ridwankamil-kritik-keras-pemerintah-pusat-soaldata-bansos.
Crook, Richard C. 2003. “Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction in Africa: The Politics of Local-Central Relations.” Public Administration and Development 23(1): 77–88.
Dahl, Robert Alan. 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Daigneault, Pierre-Marc, Lisa Birch, Daniel Béland, and Samuel-David Bélanger. 2021. “Taking Subnational and Regional Welfare States Seriously: Insights from the Quebec Case.” Journal of European Social Policy 31(2): 239–49.
Deloitte, and Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social. 2010. “Investigación Cuantitativa Externa.” Buenos Aires.
Devas, Nick, and Simon Delay. 2006. “Local Democracy and the Challenges of Decentralising the State: An International Perspective.” Local Government Studies 32(5): 677–95.
Díaz Cayeros, Alberto, Federico Estevez, and Beatriz Magaloni Kerpel. 2017. The Political Logic of Poverty Relief: Electoral Strategies and Social Policy in Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Diaz-Cayeros, Alberto. 2008. “Electoral Risk and Redistributive Politics in Mexico and the United States.” Studies in Comparative International Development 43(2): 129–50.
Diaz-Cayeros, Alberto, and Beatriz Magaloni. 2010. “Saving Lives: The Design of Social Programs and Infant Mortality Rates in Mexico.” In Stanford University, Stanford, CA. iis-db.stanford.edu/docs/458/IMRPublicHealthStanford.pdf.
Dion, Michelle. 2009. “Globalization, Democracy, and Mexican Welfare, 1988–2006.” Comparative Politics 42(1): 63–82.
Dipa, Arya. 2020. “COVID19: West Java Distributes Cash, Food, to Greater Bandung Residents Prior to PSBB.” The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/20 20/04/20/covid-19-west-java-distributescash-food-to-greater-bandung-residentsprior-topsbb.html?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_me dium=Social&utm_source=Facebook#Ec hobox=1587384856.
Dorlach, Tim. 2021. “The Causes of Welfare State Expansion in Democratic MIDDLE‐INCOME Countries: A Literature Review.” Social Policy & Administration 55(5): 767–83.
d’Elia, Vanesa Valeria, and Ana Ines Navarro. 2013. “UNIVERSAL CHILD ALLOWANCE AND SCHOOL DELAY OF CHILDREN IN ARGENTINA.” Revista de análisis económico 28(2): 63–90.
Feitosa de Britto, Tatiana. 2008. “The Emergence and Popularity of Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America.” In Social Protection for the Poor and Poorest, Palgrave Studies in Development, eds. Armando Barrientos and David Hulme. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 181–93.
Fiszbein, Ariel, and Norbert Schady. 2009. Conditional Cash Transfers : Reducing Present and Future Poverty. Washington, DC: World Bank. World Bank Policy Research Report.
Frey, Bruno S., and Iris Bohnet. 1996. “Cooperation, Communication and Communitarianism: An Experimental Approach*.” Journal of Political Philosophy 4(4): 322–36.
Garay, Candelaria, and Maria Marta Maroto. 2019. “Local Health Care Provision as a Territorial Power-Building Strategy: Non-Aligned Mayors in Argentina.” Comparative Politics 52(1): 105–25.
Garay, Candelaria, and Emilia Simison. 2022. “When Mayors Deliver: Political Alignment and Well-Being.” Studies in Comparative International Development. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12116-022-09357-w (July 11, 2022).
García-Verdú, Rodrigo. 2005. “Income, Mortality, and Literacy Distribution Dynamics Across States in Mexico: 1940-2000.” Cuadernos de economía 42(125). http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-68212005012500008&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en (May 6, 2022).
Gatenio Gabel, Shirley, and Sheila B. Kamerman. 2013. “Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs): A Child Policy Strategy in Asia.” In Economic Stress, Human Capital, and Families in Asia, Quality of Life in Asia, eds. Wei-Jun Jane Yeung and Mui Teng Yap. Dordrecht, Germany: Springer, 197–220.
Gerring, John. 2007. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gervasoni, Carlos. 2018. “Argentina’s Declining Party System: Fragmentation, Denationalization, Factionalization, Personalization, and Increasing Fluidity.” In Party Systems in Latin America: Institutionalization, Decay, and Collapse, ed. Scott Mainwaring. London, England: Cambridge University Press, 255–90.
Gibson, Edward, and Tulia G. Falleti. 2004. “Unity by the Stick: Regional Conflict and the Origins of Argentine Federalism.” In Federalism and Democracy in Latin America, ed. Edward Gibson. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Gibson, Edward L. 2005. “Boundary Control: Subnational Authoritarianism in Democratic Countries.” World Politics 58(1): 101–32.
Giraudy, Agustina, Eduardo Moncada, and Richard Snyder, eds. 2019. Inside Countries: Subnational Research in Comparative Politics. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108678384/type/book (July 11, 2022).
Glasius, Marlies et al. 2018. Research, Ethics and Risk in the Authoritarian Field. 1st ed. 2018. Cham: Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan.
Goetze, David, and John M. Orbell. 1988. “Understanding and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas.” Public Choice 57(3): 275–79.
Greer, Scott, Heather Elliott, and Rebecca Oliver. 2015. “Differences That Matter: Overcoming Methodological Nationalism in Comparative Social Policy Research.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 17(4): 408–29.
Guo, Yu, Alex Jingwei He, and Fei Wang. 2022. “Local Policy Discretion in Social Welfare: Explaining Subnational Variations in China’s De Facto Urban Poverty Line.” The China Quarterly 249: 114–38.
Haggard, Stephan, and Robert R. Kaufman. 2008. Development, Democracy, and Welfare States: Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hair, Joseph F., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, and Rolph E. Anderson. 2014. Multivariate Data Analysis. 7. ed., Pearson new internat. ed. Harlow: Pearson.
Hakim, Andy Ilman, and Meidi Kosandi. 2017. “Political Opportunity, Mobilizing Structure, and Framing Process in Social Movement to Demand Special Autonomy in Yogyakarta 2010-2012.” In Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Medan, Indonesia, 163–73.
Hanna, Rema. 2013. “Does Elite Capture Matter? Local Elites and Targeted Welfare Programs in Indonesia.” Cambridge, MA. Harvard Kennedy School Working Paper No. RWP13-008.
Harbers, Imke, Jos Bartman, and Enrike van Wingerden. 2019. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Subnational Democracy across Indian States.” Democratization 26(7): 1154–75.
Hasenfeld, Yeheskel, and Thomas Brock. 1991. “Implementation of Social Policy Revisited.” Administration & Society 22(4): 451–79.
Hodder, Rupert. 2016. “Global South and North: Why Informality Matters.” New Global Studies 10(2). https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ngs-2015-0020/html (May 19, 2022).
Hooghe, Liesbet et al. 2016. Measuring Regional Authority: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance. Volume I. First edition. Oxford, United Kingdom ; New York: Oxford University Press.
Hossain, Naomi. 2010. “School Exclusion as Social Exclusion: The Practices and Effects of a Conditional Cash Transfer Programme for the Poor in Bangladesh.” Journal of Development Studies 46(7): 1264–82.
Huber, Evelyn. 2003. “Letter from the President: The Role of Cross-Regional Comparison.” American Political Science Association - Comparative Politics Newsletter 14(2): 1–6.
Huber, Evelyn, and John D. Stephens. 2005. “Welfare States and the Economy.” In The Handbook of Economic Sociology, eds. Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Huber, Evelyne, and John D. Stephens. 2012. Democracy and the Left: Social Policy and Inequality in Latin America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Huda, Karishma et al. 2020. An Inclusive Child Grant in Papua: Lessons Learnt from Implementing Cash Transfers in Remote Contexts. Jakarta, Indonesia: MAHKOTA Program. https://socialprotection.org/sites/default/files/publications_files/An%20Inclusive%20Child%20grant%20in%20Papua%20Lessons%20Learnt%20from%20Implementing%20Cash%20Transfers%20in%20Remote%20Contexts.pdf.
Hujo, Katja. 2021. “Social Protection and Inequality in the Global South: Politics, Actors and Institutions.” Critical Social Policy 41(3): 343–63.
Humas Jabar. 2018. “KPU Jabar Tetapkan Gubernur & Wakil Gubernur Terpilih Hasil Pilkada Serentak 2018.” Biro Humas dan Protokol Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat. http://humas.jabarprov.go.id/kpu-jabar-tetapkan-gubernur-wakil-gubernur-terpilih-hasil-pilkada-serentak-2018/965.
Iskandar, Zahrotul Addawiyah. 2020. “Challenging Policy Monopolies: Strategies of Governor Ridwan Kamil in Contesting the Response of The Central Government to COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Institute of Social Studies.
Jæger, Mads Meier. 2006. “Welfare Regimes and Attitudes Towards Redistribution: The Regime Hypothesis Revisited.” European Sociological Review 22(2): 157–70.
Jones, Bruce, and Torrey Taussig. 2019. “Democracy and Disorder: The Struggle for Influence in the New Geopolitics.” Foreign Policy at Brookings Institution Report. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FP_20190226_democracy_report_WEB.pdf.
Jones, David K. 2017. Exchange Politics: Opposing Obamacare in Battleground States. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Juegen, Francisco. 2016. “Jubilados y Beneficiarios de La AUH, Con Menos IVA a Los Alimentos.” La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/jubilados-y-beneficiarios-de-la-auh-con-menos-iva-a-los-alimentos-nid1872029/.
Jurado, Ignacio. 2014. “Party System Nationalisation and Social Spending: Party System Nationalisation and Social Spending.” European Journal of Political Research 53(2): 288–307.
Kalleberg, Arne L., and Steven P. Vallas, eds. 2018. Precarious Work. First edition. Bingley, England: Emerald Publishing.
Kemahlıoğlu, Özge, and Reşat Bayer. 2021. “Favoring Co-Partisan Controlled Areas in Central Government Distributive Programs: The Role of Local Party Organizations.” Public Choice 187(3–4): 301–19.
Kian, Kwee Hui. 2008. “HOW STRANGERS BECAME KINGS: Javanese-Dutch Relations in Java 1600–1800.” Indonesia and the Malay World 36(105): 293–307.
Kim, Eunju, and Jayoung Yoo. 2015. “Conditional Cash Transfer in the Philippines: How to Overcome Institutional Constraints for Implementing Social Protection: Conditional Cast Transfer in the Philippines.” Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 2(1): 75–89.
Kleider, Hanna. 2018. “Redistributive Policies in Decentralised Systems: The Effect of Decentralisation on Subnational Social Spending.” European Journal of Political Research 57(2): 355–77.
van Klinken, Gerry. 2009. “Patronage Democracy in Provincial Indonesia.” In Rethinking Popular Representation: Governance, Security, and Development, eds. Olle Törnquist, Neil Webster, and Kristian Stokke. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 141–60.
Koehler, Gabriele. 2020. Creative Coalitions in a Fractured World: An Opportunity for Transformative Change? Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
Komansilan, Rine, Jeane Elisabeth Langkai, and Lexi Lumingkewas. 2021. “Implementation of the Program Keluarga Harapan in Ratahan District, Southeast Minahasa Regency of Indonesia.” Technium Social Science Journal 2021(1): 148–57.
Kornacki, Blase. 2005. “Conditional Cash Transfers: Progress Towards the Millennium Development Goals.” Sustainable Development Law and Policy 6(1): 26.
Korpi, Walter. 1983. The Democratic Class Struggle. London, England: Routledge.
Kuznets, Simon. 1955. “Economic Growth and Income Inequality.” The American Economic Review 45(1): 1–28.
Kwon, Huck-ju, and Woo-rim Kim. 2015. “The Evolution of Cash Transfers in Indonesia: Policy Transfer and National Adaptation: Evolution of Cash Transfers in Indonesia.” Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 2(2): 425–40.
La Nación. 2009. “‘Es El Sistema Más Redistributivo y Más Justo’, Dijo Cristina Kirchner.” La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/es-el-sistema-mas-redistributivo-y-mas-justo-dijo-cristina-kirchner-nid1191981/.
———. 2016. “Ya Rige La Devolución Del IVA Para Jubilados.” La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/ya-rige-la-devolucion-del-iva-para-jubilados-nid1919774/.
Laurell, Asa Cristina. 2015. “Three Decades of Neoliberalism in Mexico: The Destruction of Society.” International Journal of Health Services 45(2): 246–64.
Lebdioui, Amir. 2021. “Forever Unequal? Mould-Breaking Strategies to Reduce Inequality in Latin America.” London School of Economics. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/latamcaribbean/2021/04/29/forever-unequal-mould-breaking-strategies-to-reduce-inequality-in-latin-america/#:~:text=In%20Latin%20America%2C%20the%20richest,to%20sustainably%20reduce%20income%20inequality.
Lee, Sang-Hyop, and Donghyun Park. 2014. Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Latin America: Lessons for Asia. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Leisering, Lutz. 2020. “The Calls for Universal Social Protection by International Organizations: Constructing a New Global Consensus.” Social Inclusion 8(1): 90–102.
Levitsky, Steven. 2003. Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America Argentine Peronism in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Llanos, Mariana, and Jayane Maia. 2019. Argentina 2019: Broken Economy, Strengthened Democracy. Hamburg, Germany: German Institute for Global and Area Studies. GIGA Focus Latin America.
Lobao, Linda M., Gregory Hooks, and Ann R. Tickamyer, eds. 2007. The Sociology of Spatial Inequality. Albany: State University of New York Press.
London, Jonathan D. 2018. Welfare and Inequality in Marketizing East Asia. 1st ed. 2018. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan.
Luccisano, Lucy, and Laura Macdonald. 2014. “Mexico and Social Provision by the Federal Government and the Federal District: Obstacles and Openings to a Social Protection Floor.” Global Social Policy 14(3): 333–51.
Luna, Juan Pablo, and Hillel David Soifer. 2017. “Capturing Sub-National Variation in State Capacity: A Survey-Based Approach.” American Behavioral Scientist 61(8): 887–907.
Lupu, Noam. 2015. “Nacionalización e Institucionalización de Partidos En La Argentina Del Siglo XX.” In Sistemas de Partidos En América Latina: Causas y Consecuencias de Su Equilibrio Inestable, ed. Mariano Torcal. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Anthropos/Siglo XXI, 183–202.
MAHKOTA. 2020. Strengthening Economic Opportunitie for Program Keluarga Harapan Families: A Case Study of Four Districts in Java. Jakarta, Indonesia: MAHKOTA Program.
Mainwaring, Scott. 1998. “Party Systems in the Third Wave.” Journal of Democracy 9(3): 67–81.
———. 2016. “Party System Institutionalization, Party Collapse and Party Building.” Government and Opposition 51(4): 691–716.
Mainwaring, Scott, and Timothy R. Scully. 1995. Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Marshall, Thomas Humphrey. 1992. Citizenship and Social Class. London, England: Pluto Press.
Marzuki, Masnur. 2012. “Toward Federalism: A Constitutional Solution for Indonesia?” UNISIA 34(76): 100–112.
Mason-Deese, Liz. 2019. “A Changing Tide in Argentina?: Mauricio Macri’s Election Was Supposed to Herald the End of the Pink Tide and the Rise of the Right in Latin America. After a Disastrous Mandate Marked by Deep Austerity and Widespread Unrest, Does His Defeat—and Peronism’s Return—Signal a New Leftist Wave?” NACLA Report on the Americas 51(4): 316–22.
Mas’udi, Wawan. 2019. “Continuity and Change after Indonesia’s Reforms: Contributions to an Ongoing Assessment.” In ed. Max Lane. Singapore: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, 113–27.
Mauro, Vincent. 2021. “Party Systems, Political Competition, and Inequality in Subnational Brazil.” Latin American Research Review 56(4): 797–813.
Mazzola, Roxana. 2012. Nuevo Paradigma. La Asignación Universal Por Hijo En La Argentina. 2a Edición. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Prometeo Editores.
Mboi, Nafsiah et al. 2018. “On the Road to Universal Health Care in Indonesia, 1990–2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.” The Lancet 392(10147): 581–91.
McGuire, James W. 1997. Peronism without Perón: Unions, Parties, and Democracy in Argentina. Orig. print. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Univ. Press.
Mead, Lawrence M. 1997. “Citizenship and Social Policy: T. H. Marshall and Poverty.” Social Philosophy and Policy 14(2): 197–230.
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. 1978. Social Security in Latin America: Pressure Groups, Stratification and Inequality. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Ministry of Social Affairs, Republic of Indonesia. 2022. “Family Hope Program (PKH).” Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. https://pusdatin.kemensos.go.id/en/program-keluarga-harapan-pkh.
Mishra, Prem Shankar, Pradeep Kumar, and Shobhit Srivastava. 2021. “Regional Inequality in the Janani Suraksha Yojana Coverage in India: A Geo-Spatial Analysis.” International Journal for Equity in Health 20(1): 24.
Molyneux, Maxine. 2008. “The ‘Neoliberal Turn’ and the New Social Policy in Latin America: How Neoliberal, How New?: The Neoliberal Turn and the New Social Policy in Latin America.” Development and Change 39(5): 775–97.
Montes, Laura Beatriz. 2014. “El Impacto de La Asignación Universal Por Hijo Para La Protección Social En Las Instituciones Escolares de Mendoza.” MILLCAYAC - Revista Digital de Ciencias Sociales 1(1): 177–87.
Moscovich, Lorena, and Valeria Brusco. 2018. “Political Alignments and Distributive Politics at the Municipal Level in Federal Countries.” Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política (26): 63–105.
Moynihan, D., P. Herd, and H. Harvey. 2015. “Administrative Burden: Learning, Psychological, and Compliance Costs in Citizen-State Interactions.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25(1): 43–69.
Mubin, Fauzul, and Ali Roziqin. 2018. “Meritocracy of Bureaucracy in Indonesia.” International Journal of Social Science and Humanit 8(8): 241–46.
Muhtadi, Burhanuddin. 2018. “Buying Votes in Indonesia: Partisans, Personal Networks, and Winning Margins.” PhD dissertation. Australian National University. https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/144529/1/Burhanuddin_Muhtadi_Thesis_2018.pdf.
Musgrave, Michael K., and Sam Wong. 2016. “Towards a More Nuanced Theory of Elite Capture in Development Projects. The Importance of Context and Theories of Power.” Journal of Sustainable Development 9(3): 87.
Nagel, Jack. 1974. “Inequality and Discontent: A Nonlinear Hypothesis.” World Politics 26(4): 453–72.
Narassimhan, Easwaran, Stefan Koester, and Kelly Sims Gallagher. 2022. “Carbon Pricing in the US: Examining State-Level Policy Support and Federal Resistance.” Politics and Governance 10(1). https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/4857 (May 20, 2022).
Nicholson-Crotty, Sean, and Tucker Staley. 2012. “Competitive Federalism and Race to the Top Application Decisions in the American States.” Educational Policy 26(1): 160–84.
Niedzwiecki, Sara. 2016. “Social Policies, Attribution of Responsibility, and Political Alignments: A Subnational Analysis of Argentina and Brazil.” Comparative Political Studies 49(4): 457–98.
———. 2018a. Uneven Social Policies: The Politics of Subnational Variation in Latin America. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108588225 (July 15, 2019).
———. 2018b. Uneven Social Policies: The Politics of Subnational Variation in Latin America. 1st ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108588225/type/book (May 6, 2022).
Niedzwiecki, Sara, and David Nunnally. 2017. “Mixed-Methods Research in the Study of Welfare States.” PS: Political Science & Politics 50(04): 1028–31.
Niedzwiecki, Sara, and Jennifer Pribble. 2017. “Social Policies and Center-Right Governments in Argentina and Chile.” Latin American Politics and Society 59(3): 72–97.
Nishijima, M., F.M. Sarti, I. Vodenska, and G. Zhang. 2019. “Effects of Decentralization of Primary Health Care on Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil.” Public Health 166: 108–20.
Ñopo, Hugo, ed. 2012. New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, D.C: Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank.
Obinger, Herbert, Stephan Leibfried, and Francis G. Castles, eds. 2005. Federalism and the Welfare State: New World and European Experiences. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
OECD. 2015. Households’ Economic Well-Being: Methodological Note. Paris, France: OECD. https://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/OECD-Household-dashboard-methodological-note.pdf.
Orhan, Sebnem Gumuscu, and Isik Gurleyen. 2014. “Clientelism in Contemporary Turkish Politics.” In Salamanca, Spain. https://ecpr.eu/Events/Event/PaperDetails/16559.
Ostrom, Elinor. 1998. “A Behavioral Approach to the Rational Choice Theory of Collective Action: Presidential Address, American Political Science Association, 1997.” American Political Science Review 92(1): 1–22.
Ostrom, Vincent, and International Center for Economic Growth, eds. 1988. Rethinking Institutional Analysis and Development: Issues, Alternatives, and Choices. San Francisco, Calif: ICS Pr.
Otero-Bahamon, Silvia. 2016. “When the State Minds the Gap: The Politics of Subnational Inequality in Latin America.” Northwestern University.
Pacheco, Juliana, Jake Haselswerdt, and Jamila Michener. 2020. “The Affordable Care Act and Polarization in the United States.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 6(2): 114.
Palazzolo, Daniel, Vincent G. Moscardelli, Meredith Patrick, and Doug Rubin. 2007. “Election Reform after HAVA: Voter Verification in Congress and the States.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 38(3): 515–37.
Parker, Susan W., and Petra E. Todd. 2017. “Conditional Cash Transfers: The Case of Progresa/Oportunidades.” Journal of Economic Literature 55(3): 866–915.
Peluffo, Santiago. 2011. “Quién Es Claudio Poggi, El Sucesor de Los Rodríguez Saá.” La Nación. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/quien-es-claudio-poggi-el-sucesor-de-los-rodriguez-saa-nid1415986/.
Periodistas en la Red. 2011. “Poggi Pidió Que Votaran La Boleta Completa.” Periodistas en la Red. http://www.periodistasenlared.info/octubre11-21/nota4.html.
Permanyer, Iñaki, and Jereon Smits. 2018. “The Subnational Human Development Index: Moving beyond Country-Level Averages.” United Nations Development Program Human Development Reports. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/subnational-human-development-index-moving-beyond-country-level-averages.
Pierson, Paul. 1995. “Fragmented Welfare States: Federal Institutions and the Development of Social Policy.” Governance 8(4): 449–78.
Prensa Gobierno de Mendoza. 2011. “El Desarrollo Social Como Pilar de Los Derechos Para Todos.” Gobierno de Mendoza. https://www.mendoza.gov.ar/prensa/el-desarrollo-social-como-pilar-de-los-derechos-para-todos/.
Przeworski, Adam. 1991. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America.
Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Nanetti. 1994a. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. 5. print., 1. Princeton paperback print. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
———. 1994b. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. 5. print. and 1. Princeton paperback print., [Nachdr.]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
Quiroga, Sergio Ricardo. 2021a. “Argentina’s Social and Economic Crisis Is Actually a Crisis of Democracy.” The Loop: uropean Consortium for Political Research’s Political Science Blog. https://theloop.ecpr.eu/argentinas-social-and-economic-crisis-is-actually-a-crisis-of-democracy/.
———. 2021b. “Political Personalism and Democratic Culture in San Luis, Argentina.” European Quarterly of Political Attitudes and Mentalities 10(1): 1–18.
Raquiza, Maria Victoria R. 2018. “The Allure of Pantawid Pamilya: The Conditional Cash Transfer Program.” In Routledge Handbook of the Contemporary Philippines, eds. Mark R. Thompson and Eric Vincent C. Batalla. London, England: Routledge, 273–83.
Rasmussen, Magnus B., and Carl Henrik Knutsen. 2021. “Party Institutionalization and Welfare State Development.” British Journal of Political Science 51(3): 1203–29.
Regan, Priscilla M., and Christopher J. Deering. 2009. “State Oppositioni to REAL ID.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 39(3): 476–505.
Reid, Lindsey. 2019. “The Generations of Human Rights.” UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog, The University of Alabama at Birmingham. https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2019/01/14/the-generations-of-human-rights/#:~:text=Second%20generation%20rights%20are%20based,UDHR%20focus%20on%20these%20rights.
Rigby, Elizabeth, Jennifer Hayes Clark, and Stacey Pelika. 2014. “Party Politics and Enactment of ‘Obamacare’: A Policy-Centered Analysis of Minority Party Involvement.” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 39(1): 57–95.
Rigby, Elizabeth, and Jake Haselswerdt. 2013. “Hybrid Federalism, Partisan Politics, and Early Implementation of State Health Insurance Exchanges.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 43(3): 368–91.
Robles, Marcos, Marcela G. Rubio, and Marco Stampini. 2015. “Have Cash Transfers Succeeded in Reaching the Poor in Latin America and the Caribbean?” Washington DC. Inter-American Development Bank report. https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/17026/have-cash-transfers-succeeded-reaching-poor-latin-america-and-caribbean.
Rogers, Melissa. 2021. “Federalism and the Welfare State in Latin America.” Regional & Federal Studies 31(1): 163–84.
Rogers, Todd, Noah J. Goldstein, and Craig R. Fox. 2018. “Social Mobilization.” Annual Review of Psychology 69(1): 357–81.
Rubinstein, Adolfo, María Clara Zerbino, Cintia Cejas, and Analía López. 2018. “Making Universal Health Care Effective in Argentina: A Blueprint for Reform.” Health Systems & Reform 4(3): 203–13.
Saguin, Kidjie. 2018. “Why the Poor Do Not Benefit from Community-Driven Development: Lessons from Participatory Budgeting.” World Development 112: 220–32.
Sanchez, Omar. 2008. “Transformation and Decay: The de-Institutionalisation of Party Systems in South America.” Third World Quarterly 29(2): 315–37.
Sandberg, Johan, and Engel Tally. 2015. “Politicisation of Conditional Cash Transfers: The Case of Guatemala.” Development Policy Review 33(4): 503–22.
Saragi, Siswati, Maria Ulfa Batoebara, and Nur Ambia Arma. 2021. “Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Di Desa Kota Rantang Kecamatan Hamparan Perak.” PUBLIK: Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Adminsitrasi dan Pelayanan Publik Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Bina Taruna Gorontalo 8(1): 1–10.
Scarlato, Margherita, and d’Agostino, Giorgio. 2016. The Political Economy of Cash Transfers: A Comparative Analysis of Latin American and Sub-Saharan African Experiences. Bonn, Germany: German Development Institute.
Schmidt-Catran, Alexander W. 2016. “Economic Inequality and Public Demand for Redistribution: Combining Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence.” Socio-Economic Review 14(1): 119–40.
Seawright, Jason. 2016. Multi-Method Social Science: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Tools. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Seawright, Jason, and John Gerring. 2008. “Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options.” Political Research Quarterly 61(2): 294–308.
Setiawan, Koresworo. 2020. “Risma: Early 2021, Three Social Assistance Services Channels Simultaneously Throughout Indonesia.” Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. https://kemensos.go.id/en/risma-early-2021-three-social-assistance-services-channels-simultaneously-throughout-indonesia.
Silva, Ismael Deyber Oliveira. 2019. “Financiamento Da Política de Assistência Social Em Contextos Federativos: Os Casos Da Argentina e Do Brasil (2003-2015).” Master’s Thesis. Departamento de Ciência Política. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Simandjuntak, Deasy. 2021. Direct Elections, Patronage and the Failure of Party Cadre-Ship: Dynastic Politics in Indonesia. Heinrich Boell Stiftung: Bangkok, Thailand. https://th.boell.org/en/2021/07/21/dynastic-politics-indonesia.
Skocpol, Theda, and Margaret Somers. 1980. “The Uses of Comparative History in Macrosocial Inquiry.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 22(2): 174–97.
Stokes, Susan C. 2009. “Political Clientelism.” In Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics, eds. Carles Boix and Susan C. Stokes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199566020-e-25 (May 11, 2022).
Suahasil Nazara, and Sri Kusumastuti Rahayu. 2013. Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH): Program Bantuan Dana Tunai Bersyarat Di Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: International Policy Center for Inclusive Growth.
Sugiyama, Natasha Borges. 2011. “The Diffusion of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in the Americas.” Global Social Policy 11(2–3): 250–78.
Sung, Ming-Hsi, and Hary Abdul Hakim. 2019. “Unitary, Federalized, or Decentralized?: The Case Study of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta as the Special Autonomous Regions in Indonesia.” Indonesian Comparative Law Review 1(2). http://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/iclr/article/view/6930 (May 7, 2022).
Suri, Evsa Wulan, and Yuneva. 2020. “Strategi Optimalisasi Electoral Credibility Oleh Election Stakeholders Dalam Memaksimalkan Voter Turnout Dan Cegah Vote Buying Pada Pilkada New Normal 2020: Studi Di Provinsi Bengkulu.” Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Politik 9(2): 137–47.
Suryadinata, Leo. 2007. “The Decline of the Hegemonic Party System in Indonesia: Golkar after the Fall of Soeharto.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 29(2): 333–58.
Syah, Moch Harun. 2015. “Ketua KPU: Pilkada Serentak Sejarah Sekaligus Tantangan.” Liputan 6. https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/2244960/ketua-kpu-pilkada-serentak-sejarah-sekaligus-tantangan.
Syamsulhakim, Ekki, and Nurzanty Khadijah. 2020. Graduating from a Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Indonesia : Results of a Household Survey of Prosperous-Independent Graduates of the Family Hope Program in 2020. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36784.
Tan, Page Johnson. 2015. Party System Institutionalization in Asia: Democracies, Autocracies, and the Shadows of the Past. eds. Allen Hicken and Erik Martinez Kuhonta. New York: Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781107300385 (May 6, 2022).
Tan, Paige Johnson. 2006. “Indonesia Seven Years after Soeharto: Party System Institutionalization in a New Democracy.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 28(1): 88–114.
Tillin, Louise. 2022. “Does India Have Subnational Welfare Regimes? The Role of State Governments in Shaping Social Policy.” Territory, Politics, Governance 10(1): 86–102.
Tillin, Louise, and Anthony W. Pereira. 2017. “Federalism, Multi-Level Elections and Social Policy in Brazil and India.” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 55(3): 328–52.
Tomsa, Dirk. 2014. “Party System Fragmentation in Indonesia: The Subnational Dimension.” Journal of East Asian Studies 14(2): 249–78.
Truex, Rory. 2016. Making Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316771785/type/book (July 11, 2022).
Ubaidillah, Achmad. 2017. “A Study of Good Governance Index in Yogyakarta Special Region Between 2012 and 2016.” Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik 21(1): 13–28.
UN ESCAP. 2019. “Indonesia’s Unified Database (UDB) Social Registry.” Social Protection Toolbox, Social Development Division, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. https://www.socialprotection-toolbox.org/practice/indonesias-unified-database-udb-social-registry.
Valentim, Vicente, Ana Ruipérez Núñez, and Elias Dinas. 2021. “Regression Discontinuity Designs: A Hands-on Guide for Practice.” Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 51(2): 250–68.
VOI. 2022. “Jakarta Social Services Agency Starts Disbursing Welfare Program Social Assistance Gradually.” VOI. https://voi.id/en/news/155607/jakarta-social-services-agency-starts-disbursing-welfare-program-social-assistance-gradually.
Voronchikhina, Ekaterina. 2018. “Features and Problems of Using Gross Regional Product as an Integral Indicator of Economic Development.” Reforma 1(77): 13–17.
Wasim, Babur, Astri Sri Sulastri, Agnes Salyanty, and Karthick Morchan. 2019. Operations Assessment and Impact Evaluation of Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Jakarta, Indonesia: Microsave Consulting. https://www.microsave.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Report-on-Findings-of-Impact-Evaluation-of-Program-Keluarga-Harapan-PKH.pdf.
Weissheimer, Marco Aurélio. 2006. Bolsa Família: Avanços, Limites e Possibilidades Do Programa Que Está Transformando a Vida de Milhões de Famílias No Brasil. 1a ed. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo.
Weitz-Shapiro, Rebecca. 2014. Curbing Clientelism in Argentina: Politics, Poverty, and Social Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139683579 (May 6, 2022).
Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2016. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Sixth edition. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Yin, Robert K. 2018. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Sixth edition. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
107862010 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107862010 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202201353 |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際研究英語碩士學位學程] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 201001.pdf | | 1530Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 96 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
