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    題名: 全球最低稅負制之研究-我國稅制因應之探討
    A Study of The Global Minimum Tax-the Implications of Taiwan Tax System
    作者: 謝孟純
    Xie, Meng-Chun
    貢獻者: 陳明進
    Chen, Ming-Chin
    謝孟純
    Xie, Meng-Chun
    關鍵詞: 雙支柱
    全球最低稅負制
    所得基本稅額條例
    受控外國公司
    Two-pillar
    Global Minimum Tax
    Alternative Minimum Tax
    Controlled Foreign Company Rules
    日期: 2022
    上傳時間: 2022-09-02 14:44:51 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 自2013年以來,國際打擊反避稅決心不減反增,在國際經濟合作發展組織努力下,發布稅基侵蝕與利潤移轉(BEPS)15項行動計畫,並於2018年始,著手進行與行動方案一「數位經濟時代之租稅挑戰」相關之配套方案—雙支柱。支柱一「數位稅一致性課稅方案」,著重於數位稅課稅,要求符合條件之跨國企業集團,將超額利潤重新分配至市場國,並藉由多邊租稅協定來消除重複課稅之問題。支柱二「全球反稅基侵蝕規則」,俗稱全球最低稅負制,是為確保全球營收達7.5億歐元之大型跨國企業集團,於各司法管轄區所產生之所得,得繳納最低水平15%之稅款,以避免個大型跨國企業透過租稅規劃規避稅負,侵蝕市場國稅基。
    面對全球稅改的壓力,我國財政部採行提高國內最低稅負制稅率,以及受控外國公司CFC之實施予以應對。惟,僅以提高國內最低稅負制稅率至15%,不足以解決我國大型跨國企業有效稅率低於15%之情事。根據研究結果,我國受全球最低稅負制影響之160家大型跨國企業中,有效稅率低於15%者,多集中在電子高科技業及金融業,受租稅優惠較豐足之產業。因此若僅以提升國內最低稅負制之稅率來應對國際稅改,恐致我國稅權流失。
    故我國稅制在因應國際稅改時,除了提升國內稅稅率外,也需重新檢討我國最低稅負制稅基,是否有未盡完善之疑。另外,我國並非經濟合作發展組織會員國,雙支柱內容下與租稅協定相關之議題,是否也適用於我國,也需重新檢視。
    Since 2013, international determination to combat anti-avoidance has increased rather than decreased, and through the efforts of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 15 action plans on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) have been released. Starting in 2018, the OECD is working on a two-pillar program related to Action 1, " Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation ".
    Pillar 1, Profit Allocation and Nexus, focuses on digital taxation by requiring eligible multinational enterprises to reallocate excess profits to market jurisdictions and eliminate double taxation through Multilateral Convention (MLC). Pillar 2, Global anti-Base Erosion (GloBE), commonly known as the Global Minimum Tax System, is designed to ensure that multinational enterprises with annual revenue of EUR 750 million are required to pay a minimum tax of 15% on income generated in each jurisdiction to prevent multinational enterprise from avoiding tax liability and eroding the tax base of market jurisdictions through tax planning.
    In the face of global tax reform pressure, the Ministry of Finance has responded by increasing the domestic AMT (alternative minimum tax) tax rate and implementation of Controlled Foreign Company Rules (CFC). However, raising the domestic minimum tax rate to 15% is not sufficient to address the situation where the effective tax rate for multinational enterprises in Taiwan is below 15%. Among the more than 160 multinational enterprises affected by the global minimum tax system, those with effective tax rates below 15% are mostly in the electronic industry and the financial industry, which are subject to more tax incentive. Therefore, if we only raise the domestic minimum tax rate to respond to the international tax reform, we are afraid that Taiwan will lose our tax rights.
    Therefore, when responding to the international tax reform, our tax system should not only raise the domestic tax rate, but also review whether the AMT tax base in Taiwan is not complete enough. In addition, since Taiwan is not a member of OECD, it is necessary to review whether the issues related to taxation agreements under the two pillars are also applicable to Taiwan.
    參考文獻: 一、 中文文獻
    (期刊)
    吳俊志,2021,受控外國公司條款施行以及全球最低稅負制,財稅法令半月刊,第44卷,第22期:9-10。
    李國銘,2021,受控外國公司制度上路前的重點檢視與準備,財稅法令半月刊,第44卷,第24期:29-35。
    李佳逸、張志清、包嘉源、呂頌揚,2009,由各國航運稅制論我國因應之道,航運季刊,第18卷第3期:91-111。
    汪瑞芝、黃美珠、陳明進,2021,我國稅務會計文獻回顧,會計審計論叢,第11卷第2期:1-42。
    柯格鐘,2018,量能課稅原則與稅捐優惠規範之判斷-以所得稅法若干條文規定為例,月旦法學雜誌,第276期:164-189。
    孫克難,2016,租稅優惠與產業發展-臺灣經驗評析,財稅研究,第45卷,第3期:1-29。
    陳明進,2003,我國租稅優惠對營利事業租稅負擔之影響,管理評論,第22卷,第1期:127-151。
    陳怡蓁,2022,經濟合作暨發展組織解決跨國企業課稅挑戰之兩項支柱,會計師季刊:84-87。
    陳清秀,2014,證券交易所得之課稅解析,稅務旬刊,第2269期:13-19。
    游奕恬,2017,從OECD「稅基侵蝕與利潤移轉(BEPS)」 發展探討我國租稅政策之調整,經濟研究年刊,第17期:221-240。
    黃士洲、簡銀瑩,2019,全球數位稅與最低稅負制的立法內容與趨勢,會計研究月刊,第430期:46-53。
    黃秀貞、楊玉婷、黃劭彥,2022,全球最低稅負制政府企業雙贏之道,財稅法令半月刊,第45卷,第二期:19-27。
    黃劭彥、陳俊志、楊玉婷,2021,全球最低稅負機制之發展與挑戰,月旦會計實務研究,第45期:77-82。
    曾博昇,2022,臺灣推動受控外國公司稅制及全球最低稅負制對於臺資企業的影響與因應,月旦會計實務研究,第49期:56-61。
    葉建郎,2022,面對全球最低稅負我國政府及企業之因應,會計師季刊,第290期:9-14。
    葛克昌,2012,證券交易所得稅復課之憲法意義及其衍生問題,月旦法學雜誌,第210期:42-51。

    (其他)
    安侯建業,2021,國際稅務新知-OECD對BEPS 2.0包容性框架達成共識,7月號刊。
    勤業眾信,2021,全球最低稅負制將有條件豁免。取自:https://www2.deloitte.com/tw/tc/pages/about-deloitte/articles/pr20211012-tax.html
    經濟日報,2021,全球最低稅負制,財部:立法期程兩大考量。取自:https://money.udn.com/money/story/122229/5851190
    中時新聞網,2021,全球GDP九成以上國家採納全球最低稅負制。取自:https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20211012002911-260410?chdtv
    聯合報,2021,最低稅負制衝擊172家台企。取自:https://udn.com/news/story/7238/5876302
    工商時報,2021,接軌全球台版最低稅負稅率至少15%。取自:https://ctee.com.tw/news/policy/550500.html
    工商時報,2022,全球版擬延後台版最低稅負制明年底提方案。取自:https://tw.news.yahoo.com/news/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%89%88%E6%93%AC%E5%BB%B6%E5%BE%8C-%E5%8F%B0%E7%89%88%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E7%A8%85%E8%B2%A0%E5%88%B6-%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%95%E6%8F%90%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88-201000022.html
    租稅協定,2018,經濟部投資台灣入口網。取自 https://investtaiwan.nat.gov.tw/showPage?lang=cht&search=58&menuNum=9
    安侯建業,2021,OECD公布因應經濟數位化之稅收挑戰兩大支柱解決方案最新聲明。取自:https://home.kpmg/tw/zh/home/media/press-releases/2021/10/oecd-announced-solution-to-tax-issue-brought-by-digital-transformation-ininclusive-frameworks.html
    中華經濟研究院,2020,2020年對海外投資事業營運狀況調查分析。取自:https://www.cier.edu.tw/publish/projects/detail/3830
    中華經濟研究院,2021,多國籍公司稅收架構改革和歐盟應對的準備。取自:https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?nid=126&pid=358868
    中華經濟研究院,2021,黃勢璋:企業最低稅負將一統全球!台灣減稅還能救經濟?。取自:https://www.cier.edu.tw/news/detail/80473
    安侯建業,2022,CFC 制度施行在即全球最低稅負制即將上路。取自:https://home.kpmg/tw/zh/home/insights/2022/03/cfc-rules-and-global-minimum-tax-go-into-effect.html
    莊弘伃,2021,財政部因應全球最低稅負制相關評析。取自:https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=6590&pid=216298
    財政部104年迄今通過減稅法案稅式支出評估辦理情形,2022,財政部資料開放平台。取自:https://www.mof.gov.tw/singlehtml/62d077d1a04a4249a92d728eaf0d65ae?cntId=2a655b50af4e4399a01b79b58f9eee6e
    資誠,2022,資誠「 CFC施行對台資企業之衝擊與因應」研討會。取自:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4OgnmhXnz0


    二、外文文獻
    (報告書)
    OECD (2020, July). OECD Secretary-General Tax Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors.
    OECD (2021, April). OECD Secretary-General Tax Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors.
    OECD (2021, October). OECD Secretary-General Tax Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors.
    OECD (2021, December). Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two).
    OECD (2022, March). Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Commentary to the Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two).
    OECD (2022, March). Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two) Examples.

    (其他)
    OECD NEWS. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/news-events/news/
    OECD (2021, July). Corporate Tax Statistics: Third Edition. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/oecd.publishing/docs/corporate-tax-statistics-third-edition/6
    European Council of the European Union (2022).EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions/
    Luis Coronado and Barbara Angus (2020). The OECD presses on with BEPS 2.0 in today’s distressed times. Retrieved from https://www.internationaltaxreview.com/article/2a6a60xlxd60v3bj0wutc/the-oecd-presses-on-with-beps-2-0-in-todays-distressed-times
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    會計學系
    109353116
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109353116
    資料類型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202201287
    顯示於類別:[會計學系] 學位論文

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