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    政大機構典藏 > 文學院 > 宗教研究所 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/141152
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141152


    Title: 照顧如同修行:障礙照顧的倫理困局、自我技術與精神性轉化
    Care as religious cultivation: Ethical dilemma, self-technology and spiritual transformation in disabled care
    Authors: 黃奕偉
    Huang, I-Wei
    Contributors: 蔡怡佳
    Tsai, yi-Jia
    黃奕偉
    Huang, I-Wei
    Keywords: 照顧
    修行
    障礙研究
    健全主義
    自我技術
    詮釋現象學
    轉化
    Care
    Religious cultivation
    Disability studies
    Self-technology
    Ableism
    Self-technology
    hermeneutic phenomenology
    Date: 2022
    Issue Date: 2022-08-01 17:45:35 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 我的研究將照顧身心障礙的經驗類比為修行,透過照顧主體化的歷程來呈現照顧者與障礙會遇的倫理困境與精神性轉化。我主要的研究對象有三位障礙者家長、三位機構照顧者、三位神職人員,我也以我自己的工作經驗、大江健三郎的小說意象、盧雲的靈修著作等相關的照顧者文本,來連結經驗資料以擴展理解。在研究方法上,我在詮釋現象學的基礎上構思研究的進行方式,我認為研究者的想像能將語言資料聯繫到身體經驗,也因此我嘗試了三種想像變異的作法,分別是直接從文本開顯經驗、從建構與再建構來擴大對經驗的理解,以及圖像式地從意象與意象的類比來拼湊出經驗的全景。
    我首先勾勒出照顧者所共同置身所在的健全主義世界樣貌。障礙與健全主義的關係猶如圖像與背景,我透過現象學還原展示了健全主義如何透過醫療化的擴展來指認出障礙,障礙照顧者被要求要醫治損傷、修補遲緩、適應汙名,與之所對比出的正常,實際上指的是獨立而有生產力的人。
    其次,我認為照顧由承載、籌畫、抵抗與同行四個要素所共構,並以行者來總結作為照顧主體的意涵。照顧者可以類比為行者,源於其共同的自我歧異性,也就是自願或非自願的必須以新的自我替代舊自我。透過對照顧過程中自我技術的考察,我認為健全主義社會試圖損傷化主體,而照顧者則對被指認為汙名有三重皺褶的抵抗,分別是抵抗汙名歧視、抵抗被聯想為汙名,並且抵抗汙名的自證預言。照顧者對社會的抵抗,實則也被展示為自我詰抗,自我與自我鬥爭的自我技術即在其中。
    第三,我接著對自我技術提出空間性的描述。在橫向擴張與縱向開展所共構的螺旋型運動中,照顧者以專業化精壯自我,試圖橫向同一化異己的障礙者,而在遭遇挫敗下落,或者遭逢異己者上提時,縱向運動使得照顧者得以在困境中有所轉圜,我也試圖指認出這個得以轉動的軸心,是源於對異質時間性的體認,也就是在線性時間被中斷時才得以進到意象湧出的空間,我以空間化的時間轉為時間化的空間來指稱這個機制。
    之後,我也從修行自我的內在性與身體操演來深化自我技術的身體意涵。我藉著宗教照顧者修行自我與照顧自我的相互牽引,來說明神學論述需要回到照顧現場,讓臨床來深化人文。由陪伴到底的經驗,我歸結出回返耶穌愛的行動、關注陪伴的瑣事、同等軟弱的人論以及關係性的救贖等等有能力照顧的障礙神學成分。從盧雲以肉身入道的身體經驗,可以從感知覺經驗的黝黑陰鬱來描述自我技術過程中的自我崩解,也可以進一步觀察到道成肉身的神學語言如何導引照顧者由身體操演豐厚內在性,藉由構築人文厚實的身體,照顧者才得以重獲新生。
    結論部分,我認為自我技術中的精神性知識是人文臨床得以中介苦難的依憑,並以自我技術的螺旋型運動來說明照顧過程中的精神性轉化歷程。我也針對我的研究限制提出說明,最後以我自身的差異實踐做為本研究回應人文臨床的測試。
    This dissertation proposes an analogical understanding between caring the disabled and religious cultivation. Through investigating the process of subjectivation, I describe the ethical dilemma and spiritual transformation when caregivers encountering with the disabled. In-depth interviews are conducted to collect caring narratives from nine caregivers in different caring settings. The participants in this study are three mothers of disabled persons, three institutional caregivers, and three clergymen. In order to expand my understanding of the phenomenon of care, I also refer to my own work experience as a special education teacher, Kenzaburo Oe`s novels, and Henri Nouwen`s spiritual writings. Based on hermeneutic phenomenology, I argue that imagination can connect narrative data to bodily experience. I conduct three kinds of imagining variations, namely manifesting the experience from the text, constructing and reconstructing to amplify the understanding of the experience, and piecing together a panorama of experience from the analogy of image to image.
    By phenomenological reduction, I first describe how ableism identifies disables through the expansion of medicalization, in which caregivers are asked to heal injuries, mend developmental delays, and adapt to stigma. Normal, as contrasted in this way, refers to independent and productive people.
    Secondly, I argue that caring is composed of four elements: shouldering, projecting, resisting, and accompanying, and sum up the overall meaning of caring with religious cultivation. Caregivers can be analogized to religious cultivators, stemming from their shared ambiguity of self, which manifests itself in techniques of self. The caregiver`s resistance to society is presented as self-denying, in which techniques of self is contained.
    Third, I present a spatial depiction of techniques of self. In the spiral movement co-constructed by horizontal expansion and vertical development. Caregivers strengthen themselves through professionalism and attempt to assimilate those with disabilities. When encountering setback or transcendence, the vertical movement of falling and lifting enables the caregiver to turn around in the predicament. The axis of the spiral movement is derived from the recognition of the heterogeneous temporality, that is, when the linear time is interrupted, it is possible to enter the space where the images emerge.
    Fourth, I deepen the bodily connotation of techniques of self from the perspective of immanence and physical performance. Through the mutual traction between ascetic self and care self of religious caregivers, it shows that theological discourse needs to return to the practice of care. From the experience of companionship, I have concluded that a theology that capable to care the disabled must return to Jesus` love, to the trivialities of companionship, to an equally vulnerable view of the human being, and to relational redemption. The theological discourse of the incarnation is realized in the transformation of the image of God, from the accessible God, the interdependent God, to the disabled God, in the same way that enables the disabled to be at the heart of the church.
    In conclusion, I argue that spiritual knowledge in techniques of self is the mediator of coping with suffering and illustrate the spiritual transformation process of the caring with the spiral movement. I also address the limitations of my research, and finally use my own practice of difference as an examination of clinical humanities.
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    L`Arche Internationale 2020)). Our Story. https://www.facebook.com/pg/larche.International/about/?ref=page_internal
    2020/1/1
    World Council of Churches 2003)). A Church of All and for All-An Interim statement. https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/documents/a-church-of-all-and-for-all-an-interim-statement 2022/5/21
    Description: 博士
    國立政治大學
    宗教研究所
    102156501
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102156501
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202200966
    Appears in Collections:[宗教研究所] 學位論文

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