政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/137000
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 113656/144643 (79%)
Visitors : 51722266      Online Users : 652
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
    •  Adv. Search
    Home ‧ Login ‧ Upload ‧ Help ‧ About ‧ Administer Goto mobile version


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137000


    Title: 對外國直接投資國家安全審查機制之研究-兼論WTO國家安全例外規範
    A Study on Foreign Direct Investment Screening Mechanism for National Security-with Reference to WTO Norm on National Security Exception
    Authors: 曾美幸
    Tseng, Mei-Hsing
    Contributors: 許耀明
    Hsu, Yao-Ming
    曾美幸
    Tseng, Mei-Hsing
    Keywords: 外國直接投資
    國際貿易
    國家安全
    基本安全例外
    國際投資法
    雙邊投資協定
    外國直接投資國家安全審查
    WTO爭端解決機制
    Foreign Direct Investment
    International Trade
    National Security
    Essential Security Exception
    International Investment Law
    Bilateral Investment Treaty
    Foreign Investment Screening For National Security
    WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism
    Date: 2021
    Issue Date: 2021-09-02 17:11:36 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: “Salus reipublicae suprema lex?”(國家安全是最高法律嗎?)
    隨著經濟全球化趨勢發展，外國直接投資與國際貿易已成為全球經貿發展之兩大驅動力，亦為多國籍企業擴展海外市場之重要經營策略，外國直接投資與國際貿易之關係亦由傳統之替代關係轉化為緊密鏈結關係。近年來，因部分外國併購投資涉及對地主國關鍵性產業或技術，以及敏感性產業之投資，引發各國對該等投資可能帶來國家安全之疑慮，「國家安全」遂成為國際投資法重要議題，許多國家亦紛紛建置外國直接投資國家安全審查機制，以作為各國捍衛對外國投資監理主權的安全閥。
    「國家安全」乃屬不確定法律概念，各國之國家安全審查，無論於定義範圍或審查標準均無一致性原則，此亦引發外國投資人對於地主國國家安全審查機制欠缺透明度及可預測性之疑慮；對於被否決案件，外國投資人是否具適當救濟管道，亦為外國投資人於赴他國投資時關切之重點。
    對於國際投資爭端，投資人可透過與地主國政府友好協商解決、於地主國國內尋求行政或司法救濟、或尋求國際投資爭端解決。投資人除可採前述投資人與國家爭端解決模式外，亦可採國與國爭端解決模式處理。惟對於國家安全審查結果引發之爭端，除訴諸投資人與地主國爭端解決外，是否可訴諸WTO爭端解決，是為本論文擬探討之主要議題。
    基此，外國直接投資國家安全審查機制雖屬各國內國法性質，本論文將從國際法角度探討外國直接投資國家安全審查機制於國際投資法之運用情形，將就「國家安全」概念之演進及國家安全例外規範與外國投資國安全審查之關係進行探討，並對美國、歐盟、德國及我國之外國直接投資國家安全審查機制及其運作情形進行分析。此外，本論文也就目前國際間普遍運用之投資人與地主國爭端解決機制及援引國家安全例外條款之投資爭端解決個案分析。最後，將就WTO爭端解決機制及援引國家安全例外條款之爭端解決案例分析，以探討外國直接投資國家安全審查引發之爭端，適用WTO爭端解決機制之可行性。
    With the development of economic globalization, foreign direct investment and international trade have become the two major driving forces for global economic and trade development as well as important business strategies for multinational corporations to expand overseas markets. The relationship between foreign direct investment and international trade has also transformed from a traditional substitution relationship into a close interlinkage relationship.
    As some foreign M&A investment activities engage in critical industries or acquiring technologies of the host country, they have aroused concerns among countries that such cross-border M&A investments will bring national security threats to the host country. Therefore, many countries start to implement a foreign direct investment screening mechanism for national security to protect their rights to regulate foreign direct investments.
    As "National security" is still an undefined legal concept, so far there is no worldwide consistent principle for foreign direct investment screening mechanism for national security. Foreign investors often criticize that the national security screening mechanism of the host country is not transparent and lacks predictability. Doubts on whether foreign investors could seek appropriate recourse against national security review decisions is also the main concern of foreign investors in considering whether to invest in other countries.
    Regarding international investment disputes settlement, investors can settle disputes through pursuing local administrative and judicial remedies in the host country, or seek international dispute settlement. However, for the disputes arising from the decision of the national security review, apart from resorting to Investor-State Dispute Settlement between investors and the host state, whether the disputes can be resolved through WTO dispute settlement mechanism is the main topic to be discussed in this thesis.
    This thesis aims to discuss the application of the foreign investment screening mechanism for national security from the perspective of international law. It will discuss the evolution of the concept of "national security" and analyze the relationship between international investment treaty and WTO norms on national security exception and foreign investment screening mechanism for national security. In addition, the thesis will study on the foreign direct investment screening mechanism for national security in the United States, the European Union, Germany, and Taiwan. Moreover, the thesis will discuss international investment dispute settlement mechanism followed by a case study on an investment dispute for national security exception issue. Finally, the feasibility of applying the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism to investment disputes arising from the decision of national security review will be explored through a case study on a WTO dispute case invoking GATT national security exception clause.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    (1)專書
    丘宏達著、陳純一修訂(2020)。現代國際法。台北市: 三民。
    余勁松(2018)。國際投資法。北京: 法律出版社。
    李貴英(2004)。國際投資法專論-國際投資爭端之解決。台北市: 元照。
    林彩瑜(2013)。WTO制度與實務 世界貿易組織法律研究(三)。台北市:元照。
    (2)期刊論文
    丁雨柏、陳喆(2020)。論WTO對安全例外條款擴張適用的規制。廈門大學學報，2020年第2期，頁127-140。
    王東光(2016)。國家安全審查: 政治法律化與法律政治化。中外法學2016年05期，頁1289-1313。
    王夢蝶(2011)。國際投資爭議與國際貿易爭議解決方法的比較研究。承德民族師專學報，第31卷第4期，頁63-66。
    王殿華(2005)。“窪地效應”與資原依賴型地區的經濟振興之路。南方國土資源，2005年08期，頁21-25。
    王震宇(2016)。外人投資併購與國家安全審查機制之比較研究 – 以中國大陸國營企業海外併購個案為例。臺北大學法學論叢，第98期，頁239-353。
    任強(2016)。國際投資法中的”國家安全”問題探究─以”Ralls訴美國外國投資委員會案”為視角。北方法學 2016年第3期，頁149-160。
    余勁松(2001)。《TRIMs 協議》研究。武漢大學法學評論，19卷2期，頁97-103。
    李軍(2016)。論外資國家安全審查中國家安全的蘊意。廣西政法管理幹部學院學報，第31卷第3期，頁18-25。
    李貴英(2002)。能源憲章條約與國際投資爭端解決之研究。東吳大學法律學報，第14卷第2期，頁143-186。
    何明瑜(2002)。從外國直接投資之經濟意涵分析WTO與貿易有關投資措施議題。輔仁法學，23期，頁429-438。
    吳建輝(2012)。歐盟對外經貿法之發展:法律與政策變遷。歐美研究，第42卷第4期，頁753-839。
    林韋仲(2020)。荷蘭2019年雙邊投資條約範本之法律分析-投資者權利與地主國公共利益的平衡。中正財經法學，第21期，頁1-96。
    周美華(2020)。德國外資安全審查制度新近改革介評。安徽警官職業學院學報，第19卷2020年第1期，頁46-50。
    徐程錦(2019)。歐盟及其成員國外資安全審查制度改革與中國的應對策略。區域與全球發展，2019年第6期，頁29-47。
    高啟中(2016)。跨太平洋夥伴協定下的投資人對地主國仲裁機制-以ICSID與UNCITRAL仲裁程序之比較為中心。科技法學評論，13卷2期，頁47-93。
    陳玉祥、孫強(2010)。中資企業在美併購國家安全審查制度風險規避探討。湖北社會科學，第10期，頁95-97。
    陳清秀(2018)。陸資來台投資之許可、權益保障及違規處罰問題。台灣法學雜誌第353期，頁132-162。
    許慧儀(2015)。論習慣國際法之「危急狀況」抗辯與投資協定之「例外條款」在國際投資仲裁適用-以涉及阿根廷經濟危機的投資爭端為例。銘傳大學法學論叢，第24期，頁55-98。
    許耀明(2008)。歐盟國際私法上的公共秩序問題(上)。政大法學評論，第102期，頁223-256。
    許耀明(2008)。歐盟國際私法上的公共秩序問題(下)。政大法學評論，第103期，頁205-236。
    黃志瑾(2013)。論國家安全審查措施在WTO中的可訴性。河北法學，第31卷第12期，頁121-128。
    陶立峰(2019)。投資者與國家爭端解決機制的變革發展及中國的選擇。當代法學 2019年第6期，頁37-49。
    張愷致、羅傑(2020)。GATT XXI 國家安全例外的可審查性? – 以Russia- Traffic in Transit 案為核心探討，「第二十屆國際經貿法學發展學術研討會」第六場。頁1-41。
    張懷齡(2019)。歐盟雙軌制外資安全審查改革: 理念、制度與挑戰。德國研究，2019年第2期第34卷，頁69-87。
    葉慶元(2013)。從《兩岸投保協議》談P to G投資爭端解決 & 人身自由保障機制。國際商情第361期，頁1-7。
    趙海樂(2016)。論投資爭議中國家安全問題的司法審查。武大國際法評論，第19卷第1期，頁288-306。
    漆彤(2020)。論外商投資國家安全審查決定的司法審查。武漢大學學報，第73卷第3期，頁142 -150。
    潘書嫻、林志潔(2020)。守護皇冠上的寶石-美國外資投審程序之改革與我國法制上之借鏡。萬國法律，第230期，頁57-72。
    顏慧欣、聶廷榛(2019)。WTO「國家安全例外」之首次實質解釋與影響。經濟前瞻，第184期，頁95-100。
    (3)博碩士學位論文
    馬曉鈺(2016)。外國投資國家安全審查與國際投資協定之關係研究。山東大學碩士學位論文。2016年3月。
    歸奕軒(2015)。國際投資與國家安全-國際投資協定安全例外條款之研析。東吳大學法學院法律碩士學位論文。2015年6月。
    (4) 協定、法規及法律文件
    大陸地區人民來臺投資許可辦法。2020年 12 月 30 日。
    外國人投資條例。1997年 11 月 19 日。
    我國WTO入會文件(中文) -服務業承諾表，取自經濟部國貿局網站https://wto.trade.gov.tw/cwto/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=356&pid=312970&dl_DateRange=all&txt_SD=&txt_ED=&txt_Keyword=&Pageid=0 (最後查詢日: 2021年6月16日)。
    亞東關係協會與財團法人交流協會有關投資自由化、促進及保護合作協議。2011年9月22日。
    海峽兩岸投資保障和促進協議。2012 年 08 月 09 日。
    海峽兩岸經濟合作架構協議。2010年 06 月 29 日。
    紐西蘭與臺澎金馬個別關稅領域經濟合作協定(Agreement between New Zealand and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu on Economic Cooperation)。2013年7月10日。
    臺星經濟夥伴協定(AGREEMENT BETWEEN SINGAPORE AND THE SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU ON ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP)。2014年4月19日。
    臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例。2019年 07 月 24 日。
    臺灣、澎湖、金門、馬祖個別關稅領域與紐西蘭經濟合作協定（中譯本）。2013年12月1日。
    WTO 1994年關稅及貿易總協定(中譯版)。取自詳經濟部國際貿易局網站: https://wto.trade.gov.tw/cwto/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=363&pid=332173&dl_DateRange=all&txt_SD=&txt_ED=&txt_Keyword=&Pageid=0 (最後查詢日: 2021年5月31日)。
    WTO服務貿易總協定(中譯版)。取自經濟部國貿局濟部國際貿易局網站: https://wto.trade.gov.tw/cwto/Pages/List.aspx?nodeID=434 (最後查詢日: 2021年5月31日)。
    WTO與貿易有關之投資措施協定(中譯版)。取自經濟部國際貿易局網站: https://www.trade.gov.tw/cwto/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=368&pid=310765&dl_DateRange=all&txt_SD=&txt_ED=&txt_Keyword=&Pageid=0 (最後查詢日: 2021年5月31日)。
    WTO與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定(中譯版)。取自經濟部國際貿易局網站: https://wto.trade.gov.tw/cwto/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=458&pid=311767(最後查詢日: 2021年5月31日)。
    (5)訴願書及法院判決
    行政院106年8月31日對於香港商賽瑞科技有限公司訴願案之訴願決定書。
    最高行政法院 104 年判字第 91 號判決，2015年 02 月 26 日。
    (6)政府或組織報告、出版品
    經濟部(2012)。國際協定分析釋義。台北市: 經濟部。
    (7)網路資料
    中央社報導, 雙子星案 南海：尋求WTO爭議解決途徑, 取自https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2019-10-20/314141 (最後查詢日: 2021年6月1日)。
    林卓元。亞太十五國11月15日正式簽署RCEP。中華經濟研究院WTO及TRA研究中心電子報，2020年11年17日。取自https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=348006&nid=72 (最後查詢日:2021年5月30日)。
    台灣東南亞國家協會研究中心。東協全面投資協定。取自https://www.aseancenter.org.tw/post/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%94%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A (最後查詢日: 2021年5月30日)。
    兩岸投保協議爭端解決途徑運用篇。經濟部投資業務處。取自https://www.ecfa.org.tw/ShowDetail.aspx?nid=1117&pid=1041 (最後查詢日:2012年6月1日)。
    經濟部投資審議委員會新聞稿。2020年12月30日。取自https://www.moeaic.gov.tw/news.view?do=data&id=1492&lang=ch&type=new_ann (最後查詢日: 2021年月6月1日)。
    經濟部投資審議委員會第1177次委員會議新聞稿，2019年6月26日，取自https://www.moeaic.gov.tw/news.view?do=data&id=1368&lang=ch&type=new_ann (最後查詢日: 2021年6月15日)。
    經濟部投資審議委員會新聞稿。考量國家安全，投審會駁回南海集團投資雙子星案是本於職權依法行政。2019年7月22日。取自https://www.moeaic.gov.tw/news.view?do=data&id=1376&lang=ch&type=new_ann (最後查詢日:2021年6月1日)。
    顏慧欣。美國雙邊投資條款之發展與對我國之啟示。中華經濟研究院台灣WTO中心，WTO電子報第344期，2012年12月21日。取自https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/file/newsletter/OrderNewsletter/wtoepaper/article344.htm (最後查詢日:2021 年5月31日)。
    蘇怡文。全球價值鏈發展對開發中國家的影響。WTO及RTA電子報，第390期，2013年12月13日。取自https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/file/newsletter/OrderNewsletter/wtoepaper/article390-1.htm (最後查詢日: 2021年7月26日)。

    二、外文文獻
    (1) Books
    Blanco, Sebastian Mantilla and Pehl, Alexander (2019). NATIONAL SECURITY EXCEPTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS -JUSTIFIABILITY AND STANDARDS OF REVIEW. Switzerland: Springer.
    den Bossche, Peter Van and Zdouc, Werner(2017). THE LAW AND POLICY OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION TEXTS, CASES AND MATERIALS. UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Collins, Alan (2013). Contemporary Security Studies (3th ed.). UK: Oxford University Press.
    Dimopoulos, Angelos (2011). EU FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW (1st published). UK: Oxford University Press.
    Dolzer, Rudolf and Schreuer, Christoph (2012). PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW (2nd ed.). UK: Oxford University Press.
    Jürgen Kurtz (2016). THE WTO AND INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAw (1st published). UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Sornarajah, M (2010). THE INTERNATIONAL LAW ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT (3rd ed.). UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Vastardis, Anil Yilmaz (2020). THE NATIONALITY OF CORPORATE INVESTORS UNDER INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW (1st published). UK: Hart Publishing.
    (2) Short Works in Collection
    Dickerson, Hollin (2010). Minimum Standards. MAX PLANCK ENCYCLOPEDIAS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
    Dugard, John (2009). Diplomatic Protection. MAX PLANCK ENCYCLOPEDIAS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
    Juillard, Patrick (2007). Calvo Doctrine. MAX PLANCK ENCYCLOPEDIAS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
    Paulus, Andreas (2011). Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, Encyclopedia entries, OXFORD PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW.
    (3) Book Chapters
    Grisel, Florian (2014). The Sources of Foreign Investment Law. In Douglas, Zachary Pauwelyn, Joost & Vinuales, Jorge E.(eds.), THE FOUNDATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW- BRING THEORY INTO PRACTICE (pp.213-233). UK: Oxford University Press.
    Mann, Howard (2002). The right of states to regulate and international investment law: A comment. THE DEVELOPMENT DIMENSION OF FDI: POLICY AND RULE-MAKING PERSPECTIVES, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (pp.211-223). Sweitzerland: United Nations Publications.
    Sauvant, Karl P. (2009). Driving and countervailing forces: A Rebalancing of National FDI Policies. In Sauvant, Karl P.(eds.). YEAR BOOK OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW & POLICY (pp.215-272). Switzerland: United Nations Publications.
    Sauve, Pierre (2003). Domestic Regulation and the GATS, THE DEVELOPMENT DIMENSION OF FDI: POLICY AND RULE-MAKING PERSPECTIVES, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (pp.225-231). Switzerland: United Nations Publications.
    Titi, Catharine (2018). Embedded Liberalism and International Investment Agreements: The Future of the Right to Regulate with Reflections on WTO Laws, In Moon, Gillian & Toohey, Lisa (eds). THE FUTURE OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION–THE EMBEDDED LIBERALISM COMPROMISE REVISITED (pp.123-124). UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Yannaca-Small, Katia (2007). Essential Security Interests under International Investment Law, OECD International Investment Perspective: Freedom of Investment in a Changing World (pp.93-134). France: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
    (4) Articles
    Anuradha, R.V. (2018). Totalus Petrificus:The Spell of National Security. 13 ASIAN JOURNAL OF WTO AND INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LAW AND POLICY, 311-332.
    Berin, Alec J. (2019). CFIUS or Sisyphus: Toward a European Framework for Foreign Direct Investment Review. 51 GEORGE WASHINGTON INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW, 701-728.
    Beveridge, Fiona (2006). Foreign Investment in the WTO. 57 NORTHERN IRELAND LEGAL QUARTERLY, 513-538.
    Blakey, J. Russel (2020). The Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act: The Double-Edged Sword of U.S. Foreign Investment Regulations. 53 LOYOLA OF LOS ANGELES LAW REVIEW, 981-1104.
    Boklan, Daria and Bahri, Amrita (2020). The First WTO’s Ruling on National Security Exception: Balancing Interests or Opening Pandora’s Box?. 19 WORLD TRADE REVIEW, 123-136.
    Brewer, Thomas & Young, Stephen (1998). Investment Issues at the WTO: The Architecture of Rules and the Settlement of Disputes. 1 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW, 457-470.
    Brown, Lester R. (1976). Redefining National Security. 4 EPA JOURNAL, 15-39.
    Chaisse, Julien (2015). Demystifying Public Security Exception and Limitations on Capital Movement: Hard Law, Soft Law and Sovereign Investments in the EU Internal Market. 37 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 583-646.
    Curran, Louise, Eckhardt, Jappe and Lee, Jaemin (2021). The Trade Policy Response to COVID-19 and its Implications for International Business. CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS, 252-320.
    Deeley, Hunter(2015). The Expanding Reach of the Executive in Foreign Direct Investment: How Ralls v. CFIUS Will Alter the FDI Landscape in the United States. 4 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY BUSINESS LAW REVIEW, 125-152.
    Dimitropoulos, Georgios (2019). National Security: The Role of Investment Screening Mechanisms. 1 HANDBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW AND POLICY, 1-41.
    Douglas, Zachary (2004). The Hybrid Foundations of Investment Treaty Arbitration. 74 BRITISH YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 152-289.
    Duque, Gustavo Adolfo Guarin (2019). Interpreting WTO Rules in Times of Contestation (Part 2): A Proposed Interpretation of Article XXI(b)ii–iii of the GATT 1994 in the Light of the Vienna Convention of the Law of the Treaties. 14 WORLD TRADE AND CUSTOMS JOURNAL, 31-44.
    Fei, Xiuyan and Li, Zhenning (2020). Host States’ Logic of Balance in Applying the Right to Regulate Foreign Investment Admission. 17 US-CHINA LAW REVIEW, 64-74.
    Heath, J. Benton (2019). National Security and Economic Globalization: Toward Collision or Reconciliation?. 42 FORDHAM INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL, 1431-1449.
    Heath, J. Benton (2019). The New National Security Challenge to the Economic Order. 129 YALE LAW JOURNAL, 1020-1098.
    Heinemann, Andreas (2012). Government Control of Cross-Border M&A: Legitimate Regulation or Protectionism?. 15 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW, 843-870.
    Ioachimescu-Voinea, Ｍihai (2019). National Security Exceptions in the WTO – A Carte Blanche for Protectionism? Part I- Introduction, Negotiating history of Art. XXI of GATT, Russia –Traffic in Transit Panel’s Report. 10 LAW REVIEW, 12-42.
    Juwaihan, Ma’en (2019). Settlement of Commercial Disputes in the World Trade Organization (WTO). 91 JOURNAL OF LAW, POLICY AND GLOBALIZATION, 86-94.
    Karas, Martin (2019). Trends in Investment Treaty Making: Finding Balance between National Sovereignty and Investment Protection. 13 CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AND SECURITY STUDIES, 49-63.
    Kawharu, Amokura (2015). The Admission of Foreign Investment Under the TPP and RCEP. 16 JOURNAL OF WORLD INVESTMENT & TRADE, 1058-1088.
    Kofman, Marina (2018). Investor-State Dispute Settlement Challenges and Reforms. 25 AUSTRALIAN INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL, 49-62.
    Lederman, Isaac (2020). The Right Rights for the Right People: The need for Judicial Protection of Foreign Investors. 61 BOSTON COLLEGE LAW REVIEW, 703-748.
    Lee, Jaemin (2018). Commercializing National Security: National Security Exceptions’ outer Parameter under GATT Article XXI. 13 ASIAN JOURNAL OF WTO AND INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LAW AND POLICY, 277-310.
    Lee, Jaemin(2020). The Coronavirus Pandemic and International Investment Arbitration- Application of ‘Security Exceptions” Clauses in Investment Agreements. 13 CONTEMPORARY ASIA ARBITRATION JOURNAL, 185-204.
    Liu, Chang (2016). Ralls v. CFIUS: The Long Time Coming Judicial Protection of Foreign Investors’ Constitutional Rights against Government and President’s National Security Review. 15 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND LAW, 361-388.
    Lowenfeld, Andreas F. (2009). The ICSID Convention: Origins and Transformation. 38 GEORGIA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE LAW, 47-61.
    Mosoti,Victor (2003). The WTO Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures and the Flow of Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Meeting the Development Challenge, 15 PACE INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW, 181-201.
    Pobjie, Erin (2020). COVID-19 and the Scope of the UN Security Council’s Mandate to Address Non-Traditional Threats to International Peace and Security. MPIL RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, No. 2020-41, 1-20.
    Prazeres, Tatiana Lacerda (2020). Trade and National Security: Rising Risks for the WTO. 19 WORLD TRADE REVIEW. 137-148.
    Puig, Sergio (2015). The Merging of International Trade and Investment Law. 33 BERKELEY JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1-59.
    Reinisch, August (2013). The Scope of Investor-State Dispute Settlement in International Investment Agreements. 21 ASIA PACIFIC LAW REVIEW, 3-26.
    Roberts, Anthea, Moraes, Henrique Choer and Ferguson,Victor (2019). Toward a Geoeconomic Order in International Trade and Investment. 22 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW, 55-676.
    Rose-Ackerman, Susan and Billa, Benjamin (2008). Treaties and National Security. 40 JoURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLITICS, 437-496.
    Sappideen, Razeen and He, Ling Ling (2015). Dispute Resolution in Investment Treaties: Balancing the Rights of Investors and host States. 49 JOURNAL OF WORLD TRADE 85-116.
    Sauvant, Karl P. (2009). Driving and countervailing forces: A Rebalancing of National FDI Policies. YEAR BOOK OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW & POLICY 2008-2009, 215-272.
    Sauvant, Karl P. and Ong, Mevelyn with Lama, Katherine and Peterson, Thor (2016). The Rise of Self-Judging Essential Security interest Causes in International Investment Agreements. 188 COLUMBIA FDI PERSPECTIVES, 1-9 (2016).
    Sornarajah, Muthucumaraswamy (2011). Mutations of Neo-Liberalism in International Investment Law. 3 TRADE, LAW AND DEVELOPMENT, 203-232.
    Singh, Kavaljit (2003). Multilateral Investment Agreement in the WTO issues and illusions, ASIA-PACIFIC RESEARCH NETWORK BRIEFING PAPER, 1-31.
    Verhoosel, Gaeton (2003). The use of Investor-State Arbitration Under Bilateral Investment Treaties to Seek Relief for Breaches of WTO Law. 6 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW, 493-506.
    Wakely, Jonathan and Indorf, Andrew.(2018). Managing National Security Risk in an Open Economy: Reforming the Committee in Foreign Investment in the United States. 9 HARVARD NATIONAL SECURITY JOURNAL, 1-50. .
    Westbrook, Amy Dean (2019). Securing the Nation or Entrenching the Board: The Evolution of CFIUS Review of Corporate Acquisitions. 102 MARQUETTE LAW REVIEW, 643-700.
    Yang, Guohua(2019). The Causes of the Crisis Confronting the WTO Appellate Body, 9 JOURNAL OF WTO AND CHINA, 102-126.(2019).
    Zimmerman, Evan J.(2020). The Foreign Risk Review Modernization Act: How CFIUS Became a Tech Office. 34 BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL, 1267-1304.
    Zwartkruis Wolf and de Jong, Bas (2020). The EU Regulation on Screening of Foreign Direct Investment: A Game Changer?. 31 EUROPEAN BUSINESS REVIEW, 447-474.
    (5) Cases
    Associação Peço a Palavra and Others v. Conselho de Ministro. Court of Justice of European Union Case C-563/17. Judgment of the Court (2019).
    Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited. Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1970, p.3 (1970).
    Canada Administration of the Foreign Investment Review Act. Report of Panel. L/5504-30S/140 (1984).
    Commission v. Spain, Court of Justice of European Union Case C-463/00. Judgment of the Court (2003).
    CMS Gas Transmission Company v. The Republic of Argentina. ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8. Award. (2005).
    Continental Casualty Company v. Argentine Republic. ICSID Case No. ARB/03/09 (2008).
    Enron Corp. Ponderosa Assets, L.P. v. Argentine Republic. ICSID Case No. ARB/013. Award. (2007).
    European Communities- Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas. WTO Appellate Body Report No. WT/DS27/A (1997).
    India-Certain Measures Relating to Solar Cells and Solar Modules. Report of the Appellate Body. WT/DS456 (2016).
    Japan-Measures Related to the Exportation of Products and Technology to Korea. Request for Consultations by the Republic of Korea, WTO Doc. WT/DS590/1 (2019).
    LG&E Energy Corp., LG&E Capital Crop., and LG&E International Inc. v. Argentine Republic. ICSID Case No. ARB/02/1. Decision on Liability. (2006).
    Ralls Corporation v. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. 926 F. Supp.2d 71, 79 (D.D.C. 2013).
    Ralls Corporation v. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. 758 F. 3d 296, 304-307 (D.C.Cir. 2014).
    Russia – Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit. Report of the Panel. WTO Doc. WT/DS512/R (2019).
    Sempra Energy International v. Argentine Republic. ICSID Case No. ARB/02/16. Award (2007).
    Sweden - Import Restrictions on Certain Footwear. GATT Doc. L/4250 (1975).
    Tokios Tokeles v. Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/18). Decision on Jurisdiction (2004).
    Yaung Chi Oo Trading PTE LTD. v. Government of the Union of Myanmar. ASEAN I.D. Case No. ARB/01/1. Award (2003).
    (6) Statutes
    European Commission. REGULATION (EU) 2019/452 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL OF 19 MARCH 2019 ESTABLISHING A FRAMEWORK FOR THE SCREENING OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS INTO THE UNION.
    Germany. FOREIGN TRADE AND PAYMENT ACT. 2020.
    Germany. FOREIGN TRADE PAYMENTS ORDINANCE. 2020.
    The United States. CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT V
    The United States. 42 U.S. Code § 5195c - Critical infrastructures protection.
    The United States. DEFENSE PRODUCTION ACT of 1950.
    The United States. FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 2007.
    The United States. FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK REVIEW MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2018.
    The United States. HOMELAND SECURITY ACT OF 2002.
    The United States. NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT of 1993.
    The United States. OMNIBUS TRADE AND COMPETITIVENESS ACT OF 1988.
    The United States. Title 31 of THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS Part 800-802.
    The United Kingdom. NATIONAL SECURITY AND INVESTMENT ACT 2021.
    (7) Treaties or Norms
    2008 GERMAN MODEL TREATY BETWEEN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AND (ANOTHER COUNTRY NAME) CONCERNING THE ENCOURAGEMENT AND RECIPROCAL PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS.
    2012 THE UNITED STATES MODEL BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY.
    2019 NETHERLANDS MODEL INVESTMENT AGREEMENT.
    2021CANADA MODEL FIPA (AGREEMENT BETWEEN CANADA AND FOR PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS).
    AGREEMENT AMONG THE GOVERNMENT OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE, AND THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS. December 15, 1987.
    AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG-ECONOMIC UNION AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING RECIPROCAL ENCOURAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS. June 6, 2005.
    AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF UKRAINE FOR THE PROMOTION AND RECIPROCAL PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS. February 8, 1994.
    AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE UNITED MEXICAN STATES, AND CANADA. July 1, 2020.
    CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, October 24, 1945.
    COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE AGREEMENT FOR TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP. March 8, 2018.
    CONVENTION ON CERTAIN QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE CONFLICT OF NATIONALITY LAWS. League of Nations. April 12, 1930, 179 L.N.T.S. 89 (LoN-4137).
    CONVENTION OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE AND EXTRADITION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND SWITZERLAND. November 25, 1850.
    CONVENTION ON THE SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES BETWEEN STATES AND NATIONALS OF OTHER STATES. March 18, 1965, 575 U.N.T.S. 159.
    DRAFT ARTICLES OF RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES FOR INTERNATIONALLY WRONGFUL ACTS, International Law Commission. November 2001, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10).
    ENERGY CHARTER TREATY. December 17, 1994, 2080 U.N.T.S. 95.
    FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. December 20, 2015.
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, MINISTERIAL DECLARATION. Adopted on November 29, 1982. L/5424.
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, DECISION CONCERNING ARTICLE XXI OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT, Decision of November 30, 1982. Adopted on December 2, 1982. L/5426.
    GUIDANCE TO THE MEMBER STATES CONCERNING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL FROM THIRD COUNTRIES, AND THE PROTECTION OF EUROPE’S STRATEGIC ASSETS, AHEAD OF THE APPLICATION OF REGULATION (EU) 2019/452 (FDI Screening Regulation).
    ICSID RULES GOVERNING THE ADDITIONAL FACILITY FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF PROCEEDINGS BY THE SECRETARIAT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTEs. April 2006.
    IISD MODEL INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT ON INVESTMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
    REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT. November 15, 2020
    STATUTE OF INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE. June 26, 1945.
    THE TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC CONCERNING THE RECIPROCAL ENCOURAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF INVESTMENT. November 14, 1991.
    THE TREATY OF LISBON.
    THE TREATY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION.
    United Nations (1962). GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 1803 (XVII), PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER NATURAL RESOURCES, DECEMBER 14, 1962.
    United Nations (1975). CHARTER OF ECONOMIC RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATES, GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 3281(XXIX). Adopted on December 12, 1974. 14 I.L.M. 25.
    United Nations (2020). SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 2532. Adopted by the Security Council on July 1, 2020.
    VIENNA CONVENTION ON LAW OF TREATIES. May 23, 1969. 1155 U.N.T.S. 331.
    World Trade Organization. AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
    World Trade Organization. AGREEMENT ON TRADE RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES.
    World Trade Organization. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994.
    World Trade Organization. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE SERVICES.
    World Trade Organization. UNDERSTANDING ON RULES AND PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES.
    (8) Documents of Governments or International Organizations
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. MINISTERIAL DECLARATION. Adopted on November 29, 1982. L/5424.
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. DECISION CONCERNING ARTICLE XXI OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT. Adopted on December 02, 1982. L/5426.
    G20. Trade and Investment Ministerial Meeting: Ministerial Statement May 14 2020.
    Jackson, James K.(2007). EXON-FLORIO FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROVISION: OVERVIEW OF H.R. 556 , U.S. CRS Reports RL 33856.
    Jackson, James K. (2020). THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES (CFIUS). U.S. CRS REPORT RL33388.
    Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008). BENCHMARK DEFINITION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (4th ed.).
    Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2018). INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INVESTMENT, TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN?.
    Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2016). INVESTMENT POLICIES RELATED TO NATIONAL SECURITY: A SURVEY OF COUNTRY PRACTICES.
    Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (1998). MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON INVESTMENT. DAFFE/MAI (98).17, Negotiating Group on the Multilateral Agreement on Investment.
    Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2009). RECOMMENDATION OF THE COUNCIL ON GUIDELINES FOR RECIPIENT COUNTRY INVESTMENT POLICIES RELATING TO NATIONAL SECURITY.
    Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2009). SECURITY-RELATED TERMS IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW AND IN NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGIES.
    Sauvant, Karl P. (2009). FDI PROTECTIONISM IS ON THE RISE. The World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper.
    The White House (2007). NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR HOMELAND SECURITY.
    The White House (2017). NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. December 2017.
    U.S. President Ford’s Executive Order No. 11858 of May 7,1975 Regarding Foreign Investment in the United States.
    U.S. President Bush’s Executive Order of February 1, 1990 on the China National Aero-Technology Import and Export Corporation Divestiture of MAMCO Manufacturing, Incorporated.
    U.S. President Obama’s Executive Order of September 28, 2012 Regarding the Acquisition of Four U.S. Wind Farm Project Companies by Ralls Corporation.
    U.S. President Obama’s Executive Order of December 2, 2016 Regarding the Proposed Acquisition of a Controlling Interest in AIXTRO by Grand Chip Investment GMBH, December 2, 2016.
    U.S. President Trump’s Executive Order of September 13, 2017 Regarding the Proposed Acquisition of Lattice Semiconductor Corporation by China Venture Capital Fund Corporation Limited.
    U.S. President Trump’s Executive Order of March, 12 2018 Regarding the Proposed Takeover of Qualcomm Incorporated by Broadcom Limited.
    U.S. President Trump’s Executive Order of May 15, 2019 Regarding Securing the Information and Communication Technology and Services Supply Chain.
    U.S. President Trump’s Executive Order of March 6, 2020 Regarding the Acquisition of StayNTouch, Inc. by Beijing Shiji Information Technology Co., Ltd.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2007). BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES 1995-2006: TRENDS IN INVESTMENT RULEMAKING.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2012). WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2012.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2013). TOWARDS A NEW GENERATION OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES: UNCTAD’S FRESH APPROACH TO MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT POLICY-MAKING.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2014). WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2014.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2016). WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2016.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2017). WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2017.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2018). World Investment Report 2018.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2019). WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2019 – SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2020). WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2020.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2021). WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2021.
    United States Government Accountability Office (2008). FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAWS AND POLICIES REGULATING FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN 10 COUNTRIES.
    Wehrlé, Frédéric & Pohl, Joachim (2016). INVESTMENT POLICIES RELATED TO NATIONAL SECURITY: A SURVEY OF COUNTRY PRACTICES. OECD Working Papers on International Investment.
    (9) Online Sources
    Delfs, Arne. Germany toughens stance and blocks China deal, Bloomberg, August 2, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/germany-toughens-stance-and-blocks-china-deal-20180802-p4zv3e.html (June 13, 2021 last visited).
    Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, United Kingdom. Press Release. New and improved National Security and Investment Act set to be up and running. July 20, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-and-improved-national-security-and-investment-act-set-to-be-up-and-running (July 31, 2021 last visited).
    European Commission. List of screening mechanisms notified by Member States. Retrieved from https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2019/june/tradoc_157946.pdf (June 30, 2021 last visited).
    European Commission. Press release “Coronavirus: Commission issues guidelines to protect the critical European assets and technology in current Crisis.”. March 25, 2020. Retrieved from https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=2124 (July 31, 2021 last visited).
    Eurostat Statistics. Gross domestic product, current prices. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/teina010/default/table?lang=en; International Trade in Goods, EU Trade. https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (June 30 last visited).
    Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, Germany and the Dievini Hopp BioTech Holding and CureVac. Press Release “Federal Government to contribute 300 million euros to CureVac”. June 15, 2020. Retrieved From https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2020/20200615-federal-government-to-contribute-300-million-euros-to-curevac.html, (June 1, 2021 last visited).
    Gibson Dunn. EU Regulation on Establishing a Framework for Screening of Foreign Direct Investment into the European Union Has been Adopted. March 5 2019. Retrieved from https://www.gibsondunn.com/eu-regulation-on-establishing-framework-for-screening-of-foreign-direct-investments-into-eu-has-been-adopted/ (May 31, 2021 last visited).
    Gibson Dunn. Germany Further Strengthens Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Regime. May 13, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.gibsondunn.com/germ,any-further-strengthens-foreign-direct-investment-fdi-regime/ (June 30, 2021 last visited).Henrique Roberts and Vitor Ferguson. The Geoeconomics World Order, LAWFARE. November 29, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.lawfareblog.com/geoeconomic-world-order (May 31, 2021 last visited).
    International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). About ICSID, ICSID Convention. Retrieved from https://icsid.worldbank.org/resources/rules-and-regulations/convention/overview (May 31, 2021 last visited).
    Leiter, Michael, Schlager, Ivan and Vieira, Donald, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher Flom LLP (2018). Broadcom’s Blocked Acquisition of Qualcomm. Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance. Retrieved from https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2018/04/03/broadcoms-blocked-acquisition-of-qualcomm (May 31 2021 last visited).
    MagStone Law, President Trump Orders Beijing Shiji to Divest Acquisition of StayNTouch, , March 17 2020, http://www.magstonelaw.com/president-trump-orders-beijing-shiji-to-divest-acquisition-of-stayntouch.html (May 31 2021 last visited).
    Nienaber, Michael. Germany blocks Chinese takeover of satellite firm on security concerns. Reuters, December 8 2020. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/germany-china-ma/update-1-germany-blocks-chinese-takeover-of-satellite-firm-on-security-concerns-document-idUSL8N2IO3MX (June 13, 2021 last visited).
    Oke, Emmanuel Kolawole. Can States Invoke the National Security Exception in the TRIPS Agreement in Response to COVID-19?. October 6, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.afronomicslaw.org/2020/10/06/can-states-invoke-the-national-security-exception-in-the-trips-agreement-in-response-to-covid-19 (July 30, 2021 last visited).
    Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Freedom of Investment. . Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/foi.htm (June 28, 2021 last visited.).
    Roberts, Anthea, Moraes, Henrique Choer and Ferguson, Vitor. The Geoeconomic World Order. Lawfare. November 29, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.lawfareblog.com/geoeconomic-world-order (April 20, 2021 last visited).
    The European Commission. Press Release “Coronavirus: Commission issues guidelines to protect critical European assets and technology in current crisis”. March 20, 2020. Retrieved from https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=2124 (June 13, 2021 last visited).
    The United States. President Bush’s Executive Order on the China National Aero-Technology Import and Export Corporation Divestiture of MAMCO Manufacturing, Incorporated, February 1, 1990. Retrieved from https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/order-the-china-national-aero-technology-import-and-export-corporation-divestiture-mamco (May 31, 2021 last visited).
    The United States. Financial Enforcement Network. USA PATRIOT ACT. Retrieved from website: https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-regulations/usa-patriot-act (May 31 2021 last visited).
    Trump, Donald. Remarks During a Roundtable Discussion on the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018 “Will protect America’s crown jewels of intellectual property and advanced technologies from harmful foreign investments”. August 13 2018. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. The American Presidency Project. Retrieved from https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/332665 (March 19 2021 last visited).
    United Kingdom. Press Release “New and improved National Security and Investment Act set to be up and running”. July 21, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-and-improved-national-security-and-investment-act-set-to-be-up-and-running (July 31, 2021 last visited).
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. International Investment Agreements Navigator. Retrieved from https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements (July 31, 2021 last visited).
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Press release. Global foreign direct investment falls 49% in first half of 2020. October 27, 2020. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/news/global-foreign-direct-investment-falls-49-first-half-2020, (May 31 2021 last visited).
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Press release. Global foreign direct investment set to partially recover in 2021 but uncertainty remains, June 21, 2021. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/news/global-foreign-direct-investment-set-partially-recover-2021-uncertainty-remains (July 31, 2021 last visited).
    White & Case. CFIUS Finalizes New FIRRMA Regulations, January 22, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.whitecase.com/publications/alert/cfius-finalizes-new-firrma-regulations (April 17 last visited).
    World Health Organization. COVID-19 statistics. Retrieved from https://covid19.who.int/ (July 30, 2021 last visited).
    World Trade Organization. Trade and Foreign Direct Investment. October 16, 1996. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres96_e/pr057_e.htm (July 26, 2021 last visited).
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法學院碩士在職專班
    107961020
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107961020
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202101444
    Appears in Collections:[Master of Laws Program for Executives] Theses

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    102001.pdf8684KbAdobe PDF2185View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback