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    题名: 臺灣各縣市老人居家照護對勞動參與率之影響
    The Influence of Home care for the Elderly on Labor Participation Rate—Evidence from Counties and Cities in Taiwan
    作者: 劉恩璇
    Liu, En-Hsuan
    贡献者: 黃智聰
    Huang, Jr-Tsung
    劉恩璇
    Liu, En-Hsuan
    关键词: 勞動參與率
    老人居家照護
    高齡化
    空間模型分析
    長期照顧
    Labor participation rate
    Home care for the elderly
    Aging
    Spatial model analysis
    Long-term care
    日期: 2021
    上传时间: 2021-08-04 16:10:23 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 隨著社會觀念的變遷及醫療衛生技術的進步，臺灣的生育率逐年下降，人口結構快速邁向高齡化，老人居家照護需求已成為重要的課題。政府長期照顧體系如能負擔老人照護需求，是屬於一種完美狀態，惟當長期照顧體系量能不足，老人居家照護問題是否會讓家庭照顧者離開勞動力，使勞動參與率下降？是本研究主要討論之課題。
    本研究以臺灣20個直轄市及縣市2005至2019年間的追蹤資料(panel data)，運用空間計量研究方法之空間杜賓模型，分別探討臺灣各縣市老人居家照護對男性及女性勞動參與率之影響。研究發現，老人居家照護需求在10%顯著水準，對男性勞動參與率有負向影響；在5%顯著水準，對女性勞動參與率有正向影響。平均每戶可支配所得在1%顯著水準，對男性勞動參與率有正向影響；在10%水準下，對女性勞動參與率有正向影響。失業率在5%顯著水準，對男性勞動參與率有負向影響。而平均每戶兒童人數，則在5%顯著水準，對女性勞動參與率有負向影響。
    本研究發現，老人居家照護需求對男性勞動參率負向影響，而對女性勞動參率率有正向影響，符合衛福部統計結果：臺灣地區老人之主要照顧者依序為兒子、媳婦，因夫妻在家庭經濟角色中為互補，故兒子如果要留在家庭照顧老人，媳婦就必須被迫出去工作。
    為和緩國內老人居家照護需求對勞動參與率之影響，本研究建議加速長照體系之發展，以社區照護系統減輕家庭照顧壓力；發展年輕及多元之人力，以解決長期照顧人力缺口；加速推動長期照顧保險之規劃及立法工作，以健全長期照顧體系財源；建立友善勞動環境，讓家庭照顧者能兼顧工作與家庭照顧責任。
    With changes in social concepts and advances in medical and health technology, Taiwan’s fertility rate has been declining year by year, and the population structure is rapidly becoming aging. The need for home care for the elderly has become an important issue. If the government`s long-term care system can afford the care needs of the elderly, it is a perfect state. However, when the long-term care system is insufficient, will the problem of home care for the elderly make family caregivers leave the labor force and reduce the labor participation rate? It is the main topic discussed in this research.
    This study uses panel data from 20 municipalities, counties and cities in Taiwan from 2005 to 2019, and uses the spatial Doberman model of spatial measurement research methods to explore the labor force participation rate of male and female elderly home care in Taiwan’s counties and cities. influences. The study found that the need for home care for the elderly is at a significant level of 10%, which has a negative impact on the male labor participation rate; at a significant level of 5%, it has a positive impact on the female labor participation rate. The average disposable income of each household is at a significant level of 1%, which has a positive impact on the male labor participation rate; at the 10% level, it has a positive impact on the female labor participation rate. The unemployment rate is at a significant level of 5%, which has a negative impact on the male labor force participation rate. The average number of children per household is at a significant level of 5%, which has a negative impact on the female labor force participation rate.
    This study found that the need for home care for the elderly has a negative impact on male labor participation rate, while it has a positive impact on female labor participation rate. This is in line with the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Welfare: The main caregivers of the elderly in Taiwan are sons and daughter-in-laws in order. Husband and wife complement each other in the family`s economic roles, so if the son wants to stay in the family to take care of the elderly, the wife must be forced to work.
    In order to alleviate the impact of domestic elderly care needs on labor participation rate, this research proposes to accelerate the development of the long-term care system, and use the community care system to reduce the pressure of family care; develop young and diverse manpower to solve the long-term care manpower gap; accelerate the long-term promotion Take care of insurance planning and legislative work to improve the financial resources of the long-term care system; establish a friendly working environment so that family caregivers can balance work and family care responsibilities.
    參考文獻: 一、中文文獻
    曲同光、彭美琪、白其怡（2015）。規劃長照保險重要基礎資料庫─國民長期照護需要調查。國土及公共治理季刊，3（1），108-114。
    李大正、楊靜利（2004）。臺灣婦女勞動參與類型與歷程之變遷。人口學刊，28，109-134。
    林幸君、李慧琳、許聖民、林國榮、李篤華、張靜貞、徐世勳（2015）。少子化與高齡化下的臺灣人口預測與經濟分析。臺灣經濟預測與政策，46（1），113-156。
    吳鋐瑋（2011）。人口減少與高齡少子化所帶給日本經濟發展的影響。淡江大學亞洲研究所碩士（碩士論文），未出版，新北市。
    高月霞、陳仕偉（1994）。臺灣婦女勞動參與行為之因果關系分析。婦女與兩性學刊，5，1-45。
    高崇瑋、萬哲鈺（2018）。臺灣勞動市場附加工作者效果與怯志工作者效果之分析。應用經濟論叢，103，77-140。
    黃台心、林志明（2001）。臺灣勞工在工作狀態間之流動分析。經濟論文叢刊，29（4），511– 546。
    黃芳玫、陳唯真、黃芳雅（2006）。臺灣男性勞動市場參與之研究－人口、市場機會及參與行為。臺灣經濟預測與政策，37（1），1-48。
    黃芳玫、翁任嬋、黃芳雅（2009）。女性勞動參與之研究–1980-2005。臺灣經濟預測與政策，39，1-50。
    陳唯真（2003）。男性的勞動市場參與活動之研究:勞動供給面及需求面。臺北市：東吳大學經濟系未出版碩士論文。
    曾中信、張勝凱（2020）。臺灣已婚婦女勞動供給之實證研究－動態非線性追蹤資料模型之應用。經濟論文叢刊，48（2），187-220。
    劉錦添、江錫九（1997）。臺灣有偶婦女時間分配型態之實證研究。人文及社會科學集刊，86（9），1–29。
    鍾俊文、蔡旭明（2009）。高齡與少子化對勞動參與及經濟成長的影響。貨幣觀測與信用評等，77，47-74。

    二、英文文獻
    Anselin, L. (1980), Estimation Methods for Spatial Autoregressive Structures. Regional Science Dissertation and Monograph Series #8. Ithaca: Cornell University.
    Anselin, L. (1988), Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Cheng, B. S. (1999), “Cointegration and Causality between Fertility and Female Labor Participation in Taiwan: A Multivariate Approach.” Atlantic Economic Journal, 27(4), 422-434.
    Durbin, J. (1960), “Estimation of Parameters in Time-Series Regression Models.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 22, 139-153.
    Emerson, J. (2011), “Unemployment and Labor Force Participation in the United States.” Economics Letters, 111, 203-206.
    Haveman, R., P. De Jong, and B. Wolfe (1991), “Disability Transfers and the Work Decision of Older Men.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(3), 939-949.
    Juhn, C. (1992), “Decline of Male Labor Market Participation: The Role of Declining Market Opportunities.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(1), 79-121.
    Kakinaka, M. and H. Miyamoto (2012), “Unemployment and Labour Force Participation in Japan.” Applied Economics Letters, 19, 1039-1043.
    Karanassou, M. and D. J. Snower (2004), “Unemployment and Invariance.” German Economic Review, 5, 297-317.
    Leonard, J. S. (1979), “The Social Security Disability Program and Labor Force Participation.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 392.
    Mur, Jesus and Ana Angulo (2006), “The Spatial Durbin Model and the Common Factor Tests.” Spatial Economic Analysis, 1(2), 207-226.
    Thevenon, O. (2015), “Do ‘Institutional Complementarities’ Foster Female Labour Force Participation?” Journal of Institutional Economics, 21,1-27.
    Yang, H. L. (2004), “Sectoral Shifts, Natural Rate of Unemployment, and Female Labor Force Participation Rate: Evidence from Taiwan.” Bulletin of Labour Research, 16, 125-154.

    三、政府及出版品
    衛生福利部（2014）。中華民國102年老人狀況調查報告。台北市：中華民國行政院衛生福利部。
    衛生福利部（2014）。長期照顧十年計畫 2.0（106~115年）(核定本)。台北：中華民國行政院衛生福利部。
    衛生福利部（2018）。中華民國106年老人狀況調查報告。台北市：中華民國行政院衛生福利部。

    四、參考網站
    勞動部：https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/com/st0101.html
    衛生福利部：https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/np-1714-113.html
    中華民國統計資訊網：https://statdb.dgbas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9.asp
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    行政管理碩士學程
    108921018
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108921018
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202100885
    显示于类别:[行政管理碩士學程(MEPA)] 學位論文

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