| 摘要: | 隨著台灣金融市場自由化的腳步，國內金融機構競爭越來越激烈，整體營運規模亦相對成長，整體放款量增加，惟在公、私營行庫削價競爭及爛頭寸過多的狀況下，銀行賺取利差情形卻每況愈下，放款平均利率逐年下降，2020年下降至1.62%(2019年為1.87%)，使存放款利差縮減至1.22%新低點。
而為擴大新利基，近年來國內銀行紛紛投入利差較大之海外聯貸市場以提高收益，配合政府推動新南向政策及中美貿易戰影響，帶動台商紛紛南進並移轉供應鏈，使國銀在海外授信量逐年提高，而相對也出現海外授信屢屢出現逾期情形，2020年OBU及海外分行逾放比率則分別上升至0.29%及0.37%，為2016年以來新高，凸顯海外授信已經躍升為國內銀行業者必須正視並主動管理之風控重點。
有鑒於此，本研究首先探討國際聯合貸款的籌組方式、過程及實務運作等基本重點，其次為整理亞洲聯貸市場現況等資訊，並蒐集近年國銀參貸亞洲地區聯貸案出現逾期個案進行探討，最終則匯整主管機關針對國銀參與國際聯貸案之相關法令及應注意事項，並依照實務經驗提出建議，期能提供國銀未來在主辦或參貸國際聯貸案時之參考，以能降低海外授信風險並創造最大利潤。
With Taiwan’s financial market liberalization, competition among domestic financial institutions is becoming increasingly fierce. The scale of operation is increasing as well. The total size of loan, nevertheless, has been increasing. Under the circumstance where price-cutting competitions between the state-owned banks and private banks is escalating as well as too much funds being deemed as idle, the banks are getting worse in earning less spreads, with the average loan interest rate dropping annually. In 2020, the loan interest rate was 1.62% (1.87% in 2019), thus making the interest rate spread drop to the lowest level of 1.22%.
To expand a new niche, Taiwanese banks in recent years have focused on oversea syndicated loans, which improve banks’ earnings with higher spreads. Resulting from the adherence to the New Southbound Policy and the impact of the China-United States trade war, Taiwanese firms have moved their business to southern Asia and relocated their supply chains, thus making Taiwanese banks increase their sizes of oversea loans annually, with problems of delinquency and default constantly worsening at the same time. In 2020, OBUs and overseas branches had non-performing loans ratios up to 0.29% and 0.37%, which had reached a new all-time high since 2016. This situation accentuates Taiwanese banks must focus on the quality of oversea loans and actively manage their risks.
In view of this, this research at first explores the fundamental points such as the establishment of oversea syndicated loans, their process, and practical operations. Secondly, we collect the cases and make case study of Taiwanese banks joined in Asian syndicated loan delinquency had occurred in recent years. At last, we summarize the relevant laws and matters needing attention regulated by our competent authority for Taiwanese banks. Meanwhile, we make suggestions based on practical experience, thus providing references for Taiwanese banks in mandating or participating in the international syndicated loans. These banks, therefore, can reduce their oversea credit risk and maximize their profit. |
