Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/132450
|
| Title: | 固樁或擴張？市議員地方建設建議事項的運用策略 |
| Authors: | 李思婷
Li, Sih-Ting |
| Contributors: | 俞振華
Yu, Chen-Hua
李思婷
Li, Sih-Ting |
| Keywords: | 分配政治
肉桶政治
地方議員
地方建設建議事項
多層次分析
Distributive Politics
Pork Barrel Politics
Local Councilor
Local Infrastructure Expenditures
Multilevel Analysis |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Issue Date: | 2020-11-03 11:28:48 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 將資源分配給誰始終是至關重要的分配政治議題。然而過去臺灣分配政治研究多以正副總統、中央政府、立法委員以及縣市首長為主，鮮少關注地方議員在選區內部的資源分配情形。本文以第十二屆臺北市議員所提地方建設建議事項為例，旨在探討以尋求連任為目標的理性議員會如何分配公共資源？議員會採取防守型的固樁策略，選擇將資源回饋給既有支持者，亦或採取進擊型的拓展選票策略？
根據描述性統計分析，本研究發現，議員在選區多數里別中根本不會配置任何資源，因此本研究進一步將分配機制就概念上區分為「分配與否」以及「分配多寡」兩個面向。藉由實證分析，在分配與否的模型中，市議員傾向運用防守型策略鞏固既有支持基礎，相當符合一般論者對於在SNTV選制下候選人所採取策略的既有想像。不過，在分配多寡的面向中，無論各里對市議員的重要程度是高是低，資源分配量並未存在顯著差異。然而資源固樁的結論並未因此推翻，反而打破了一般既定印象。整體而言，市議員運用建設固樁的機制應從金額犒賞修正為有所回饋，議員雖會特別照顧核心支持者或重要里長的需求，積極向市府爭取建設，但不會因此讓該地獲得超高額建設，顯示議員對於那些相形重要的地區不會再特別給予差別待遇。
One of the most important debates in the distributive politics literature is who receives allocation. However, previous studies on Taiwan’s distributive politics have examined predominantly the role played by the president, legislators and the local governments. The distributive strategies of local councilors have been overlooked. Few explain the variations in the amount of resources within councilors’ electoral districts. Using data on local infrastructure expenditures by 12th Taipei City councilors, this article investigates how rational politicians allocate infrastructure resources in order to maximize the probabilities of reelection, and whether local councilors use resources to reward their core supporters or to expand their support bases.
According to descriptive analysis, we find that councilors do not allocate any resource in most areas; hence, we identify two dimensions—whether to allocate and the amount of money spent by councilors — to the mechanisms of resource allocation. Based on empirical analysis, we first examine whether councilors tend to favor important subconstituencies or not. The results indicate that councilors do reward their core supporters with public resources to maintain their electoral bases. However, there is no significant difference in the amount of resources no matter how important the area is. Overall, our findings support the core hypothesis and point out that the allocation mechanism of city councilors should be revised. |
| Reference: | 一、中文部分
王宏文、柯昀伶、孫寧，2008，〈地方派系的資源配置策略：以嘉義縣社區營造資源為例的個案研究〉，《人文及社會科學集刊》，30（2）：163-205。
王志良、詹富堯、吳重禮，2012，〈鞏固支持或資員拔樁？解析中央對地方補助款分配的政治因素〉，《政治科學論叢》，51：51-90。
王金壽，1997，〈國民黨候選人買票機器的建立與運作：一九九三年風芒縣長選舉的個案研究〉，《臺灣政治學刊》，2：3-62。
王業立，2008，《比較選舉制度》，臺北：五南圖書出版社。
王瑋彤，2016，〈高雄市議員地方建設建議事項分配之研究〉，國立臺灣大學公共事務研究所碩士學位論文。
李俊達，2010，〈總統得票率、地方補助款與行程安排之相關性探討〉，《選舉研究》，17（2）：71-102。
姚人多，2008，〈政權轉移之治理性：戰後國民黨政權對日治時代保甲制度的承襲與轉化〉，《臺灣社會學》，15：47-108。
盛杏湲，1999，〈立法問政與選區服務：第三屆立法委員代表行為的探討〉，《選舉研究》，6（2）：89-120。
郭怡均，2016，〈里長在地方選舉中的角色──2014年臺北市議員選舉中正區案例研究〉，國立臺灣大學國家發展研究所碩士學位論文。
黃秀端，1994，《選區服務：立法委員心目中連任之基礎》，臺北：唐山出版社。
黃冠瑜，2017，〈臺北市議員建議款分配的政治分析〉，國立臺北大學公共行政暨政策學系碩士學位論文。
黃紀、王德育，2012，《質變數與受限依變數的迴歸分析》，臺北：五南圖書出版公司。
賴映潔、王宏文，2013，〈立委選制改變對指定用途補助款分配之影響：第五屆與第六屆的比較〉，《東吳政治學報》，31（1）：53-104。
羅清俊，2000，〈猜猜看誰把醃肉帶回家了：補助款利益在縣市分配的分析〉，《人文及社會科學集刊》，3：1-45。
羅清俊，2008a，〈桃園縣特別統籌款分配的政治分析〉，《東吳政治學刊》，26（3）：1-56。
羅清俊，2008b，〈小規模立法委員選區的分配政治──選民對於補助利益的期待〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，5（4）：47-85。
羅清俊、陳文學，2009，〈影響原住民政策利益分配的因素：族群代表或選舉競爭？〉，《選舉研究》，16（2）：167-297。
羅清俊、萬榮水，1999，〈選舉與補助款的分配：綁樁？還是平衡地方財政？〉，《選舉研究》，6（2）：121-161。
羅清俊、詹富堯，2012，〈立法委員特殊利益提案與中央政府計畫型補助款的分配：從民國94年至98年之資料探析〉，《公共行政學報》，42：1-31。
羅清俊、廖健良，2009，〈選制改變前選區規模對立委分配政策提案行為的影響〉，《臺灣政治學刊》，13（1）：3-53。
蘇郁如，2017，〈臺北市議員在地方建設建議事項之分配行為研究〉，國立臺灣大學政治學系碩士學位論文。
二、英文部分
Albouy, David. 2009. “Partisan Representation in Congress and the Geographic Distribution of Federal Funds.” NBER Working Papers 15224, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Alvarez, R. Michael and Jason L. Saving. 1997. “Deficits, Democrats, and Distributive Benefits: Congressional Elections and the Pork Barrel in the 1980s.” Political Research Quarterly 50(4): 809-831.
Balla, Steven J., Eric D. Lawrence, Forrest Maltzman, and Lee Sigelman. 2002. “Partisanship, Blame Avoidance, and the Distribution of Legislative Pork.” American Journal of Political Science 46(3): 515-525.
Bickers, Kenneth N. and Robert M. Stein. 1996. “The Electoral Dynamics of Federal Pork Barrel.” American Journal of Political Science 40(4): 1300-1326.
Brollo, Fernanda and Tommaso Nannicini. 2012. “Tying Your Enemy’s Hands in Close Races: The Politics of Federal Transfers in Brazil.” American Political Science Review 106(4): 742-761.
Coman, Emanuel Emil. 2018. “Local Elites, Electoral Reform and the Distribution of Central Government Funds: Evidence from Romania.” Electoral Studies 53: 1-10.
Cox, Gary W. 1990. “Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives in Electoral Systems.” American Journal of Political Science 34(4): 903-935.
Cox, Gary W. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cox, Gary W. and Mathew D. McCubbins. 1986 “Electoral Politics as a Redistributive Game.” The Journal of Politics 48(2): 370– 389.
Cox, Gary W. and Mathew D. McCubbins. 1993. Legislative Leviathan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Crespin, Michael H. and Charles J. Finocchiaro. 2013. “Elections and the Politics of Pork in the U.S. Senate.” Social Science Quarterly 94(2): 506-529.
Crisp, Brian F. and Scott W. Desposato. 2004. “Constituency Building in Multimember Districts: Collusion or Conflict?” The Journal of Politics 66(1): 136-156.
Dahlberg, Matz and Eva Johansson. 2002. “On the Vote-Purchasing Behavior of Incumbent Governments.” American Political Science Review 96(1): 27-40.
Diaz-Cayeros, Alberto, Federico Estévez, and Beatriz Magaloni. 2007. “The Core Voter Model: Evidence from Mexico.” http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.65.3725&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed August 01, 2020).
Dixit, Avinash and John Londregan 1996 “The Determinants of Success of Special Interests in Redistributive Politics.” The Journal of Politics 58(4): 1132-1155.
Evans, Diana. 2004. Greasing the Wheels: Using Pork Barrel Projects to Build Majority Coalitions in Congress. Cambridge University Press.
Feldman, Paul and James Jondrow. 1984. “Congressional Elections and Local Federal.” American Journal of Political Science 28(1): 147-164.
Fenno, Richard F. Jr. 1978. Homestyle. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Ferejohn, John A. 1974. Pork Barrel Politics. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Fiorina, Morris P. 1981. “Universalism, Reciprocity, and Distributive Policymaking in Majority Rule Institutions.” Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management 1: 197-221.
Firpo, Sergio, Vladimir Ponczek, and Viviane Sanfelice. 2015. “The Relationship between Federal Budget Amendments and Local Electoral Power.” Journal of Development Economics 116: 186-198.
Frisch, Scott A. 1998. The Politics of Pork: A Study of Congressional Appropriation Earmarks. Routledge.
Gelman, Andrew, and Jennifer Hill. 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Golden, Miriam and Brian Min. 2013. “Distributive Politics Around the World.” Annual Review of Political Science. 16: 73-99.
Hird, John A. 1990. “Superfund Expenditures and Cleanup Priorities: Distributive Politics or the Public Interest?” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 9(4): 455-483.
Hird, John A. 1991. “The Political Economy of Pork: Project Selection at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.” American Political Science Review 85(2): 429-456.
Idema, Timo. 2009. “Core Voters or Swing Voters? The Distributive Politics of Higher Education Spending.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Toronto, Canada.
Lancaster, Thomas D. 1986. “Electoral Structures and Pork Barrel Politics.” International Political Science Review 7(1): 67-81.
Lasswell, Harold D. 1936. Politics: Who Gets What, When, How. New York: Whittlesey House.
Lazarus, Jeffrey and Shauna Reilly. 2010. “The Electoral Benefits of Distributive Spending.” Political Research Quarterly 63(2): 343-355.
Lee, Frances E. 2003. “Geographic Politics in the U.S. House of Representatives: Coalition Building and Distribution of Benefits.” American Journal of Political Science 47(4): 714-728.
Levitt, Steven D. and James M. Snyder, Jr. 1995. “Political Parties and the Distribution of Federal Outlays.” American Journal of Political Science 39(4): 958-980.
Levitt, Steven D. and James M. Snyder, Jr. 1997. “The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes.” Journal of Political Economy 105(1): 30-53.
Lindbeck, Assar and Jörgen W. Weibull. 1987. “Balanced-Budget Redistribution as the Outcome of Political Competition.” Public Choice 52(3): 273–297.
Lowi, Theodore J. 1964. “American Business, Public Policy, Case-Studies, and Political Theory.” World Politics 16:667-715.
Mayhew, David R. [1974] 2004. Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven: Yale University Press.
McGillivray, Fiona. 2004. Privileging Industry: The Comparative Politics of Trade and Industrial Policy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Myerson, Roger B. 1993. “Incentives to Cultivate Favored Minorities Under Alternative Electoral Systems.” American Political Science Review 87(4): 856-869.
Nichter, Simeon. 2008. “Vote Buying or Turnout Buying? Machine Politics and the Secret Ballot.” American Political Science Review 102(1): 19-31.
Niou, Emerson M. S., and Peter C. Ordeshook. 1985. “Universalism in Congress.” American Journal of Political Science 29(2): 246-258.
Rocca, Michael S. 2003. “Military Base Closures and the 1996 Congressional Elections.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28(4): 529-550.
Rundquist, Barry S. and John A. Ferejohn. 1975. “Observations on a Distributive Theory of Policy-Making: Two American Expenditures Compared.” In Comparative Public Policy: Issues, Theories, and Methods, eds. Craig Liske, William Loehr and John McCamant. New York: John Wiley.
Samuels, David J. 2002. “Pork Barreling Is Not Credit Claiming or Advertising: Campaign Finance and the Sources of the Personal Vote in Brazil.” The Journal of Politics 64(3): 845-863.
Sellers, Patrick J. 1997. “Fiscal Consistency and Federal District Spending in Congressional Elections.” American Journal of Political Science 41(3): 1024-1041.
Shepsle, Kenneth A., and Barry R. Weingast. 1981. “Political Preferences for the Pork Barrel: A Generalization.” American Journal of Political Science 25(1): 96-111.
Stein, Robert M. and Kenneth N. Bickers. 1994. “Congressional Elections and the Pork Barrel.” The Journal of Politics 56(3): 377-399.
Stein, Robert M. and Kenneth N. Bickers. 1995. Perpetuating the Pork Barrel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stokes, Susan C. 2005. “Perverse Accountability: A Formal Model of Machine Politics with Evidence from Argentina.” American Political Science Review 99(3): 315-325.
Stratmann, Thomas. 2013. “The Effects of Earmarks on the Likelihood of Reelection.” European Journal of Political Economy 32: 341-355.
Tavits, Margit. 2009. “Geographically Targeted Spending: Exploring the Electoral Strategies of Incumbent Governments.” European Political Science Review 1(1): 103-123.
Weingast, Barry R. 1979. “A Rational Choice Perspective on Congressional Norms.” American Journal of Political Science 23(2): 245-262. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
政治學系
105252004 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105252004 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202001771 |
| Appears in Collections: | [政治學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 200401.pdf | | 3703Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 7 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
