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    Title: 互聯網時代下電影產業製片商經營策略的改變
    Changes on the Operating Strategies of the Film Industry Producers in the Internet Era
    Authors: 姜妍戎
    Chiang, Yen-Jung
    Contributors: 黃國峯
    傅浚映

    Huang, Kuo-Feng
    Fu, Chun-Ying

    姜妍戎
    Chiang, Yen-Jung
    Keywords: 互聯網
    電影製片商
    經營策略
    競爭作用力分析
    策略形態
    產業生命週期
    串流影音平台
    Internet Era
    Film Industry Producers
    Operating Strategies
    Strategic Posture Analysis
    Industry Life Cycle
    Video System of Online Streaming
    Date: 2019
    Issue Date: 2019-08-07 17:15:12 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 隨著電影產業與科技發展成長速度、資金市場高密度相關,電影製作過程的高附加價值帶動周邊觀光與相關產業營收,以及全球化發展的產業特性,使電影產品市場需求變化受到經濟、政治及社會文化等總體環境的影響甚鉅。而在互聯網時代下,串流影音平台的興起,及互聯網屬性公司的加入,使傳統電影產業不僅加速提升電影產業鏈上各環節的競爭力,更改變電影製作營運上的經營策略與行銷模式。根據電影產業生命週期發展分析,產業需求正走向成長期趨勢,而互聯網應用讓電影產業的競爭優勢更趨向產業鏈下游觀影者對電影內容的喜好數據分析,讓許多互聯網公司及串流影音平台等公司利用會員制擁有消費者觀影習慣數據的下游廠商擴大議價力,互聯網資訊的平台交流也使電影產業製片商逐漸轉型製片全球化、內容IP本土化的新興電影產業趨勢。
    在「互聯網+電影產業」環境趨勢帶動電影製作產業轉型,電影製片商可乘勢擴大電影內容IP附加價值最重要的就是上位者能否擁有互聯網思維角度的革新觀念,帶動電影製作產業與互聯網環境接軌。本研究藉由實地訪談三位電影產業議題專家對台灣電影產業現況分析與電影相關公司實際營運策略方案發現,現今台灣小型獨立製片商經營模式正藉互聯網應用進入轉型趨勢,透過互聯網團隊資料分析能力的建立不僅降低觀眾對電影喜好的不確定性,資方更可藉由觀眾觀影數據分析投報率以降低投資風險。
    研究發現電影產業在互聯網時代競爭趨勢下有幾項改變:1.產業鏈架構由單向進行轉型成多元網絡式的電影產業生態;2.產業因互聯網公司跨域經營而提高競爭力並加速產業成熟;3.台灣電影製片商在互聯網環境下經營策略更趨向利用互聯網公司數位化分析提高電影內容IP的題材偏好,與擁有大型網絡串流影音放映平台合作,並以互聯網思維營銷的商業模式培訓電影人才,以擴大台灣電影團隊低資本高創造力優勢的效益。
    本研究結論認為目前電影產業發展走向內容IP本土化加深與觀眾連結的產業趨勢,更需要透過互聯網降低搜尋各國多元文化的適切題材的成本。藉由策略形態分析將擁有優質創造力優勢的台灣電影技術團隊電影作品邁向國際化的方式,和串流影音平台的連結及網路文學創造提高電影創新題材的素質,帶動口碑效應與提高數位人才的團隊建立,才能夠在互聯網時代下提高台灣電影產業競爭優勢的綜效。
    With the film industry is close to the speed of technology development and the capital market, as well as the industrial characteristics of the high value-added of movie making process, which drives the revenues of tourism industry and other industry related, and global development, the demand of film market has great impact by the macro environment.
    Because of the rise of streaming video platforms and the entry of Internet companies, the traditional film industry not only increases competitiveness of whole industry chain, but also changes the operating strategy and marketing strategy of the film producer in the Internet era.
    According to the Industry Life Cycle analysis, the demand of film industry is growing. With the Internet application, the competitive advantage of the film industry is more significant at the data analysis of movie content which customer prefer.
    Obviously, it will help many Internet companies and video streaming platforms which has the data of consumer viewing habit by membership expanding their bargaining power. The communicate of internet platform has enabled the film industry transfer to a new industry trend of globalized movie production and localized movie content intellectual property(IP).
    The change of the film production industry has begun through the "Internet + Film Industries" environmental trend. In order to take advantage of expanding the value-added of movie content IP, the superior of film producers should have innovative concept of Internet thinking, and make the film production industry connect with the Internet.
    The study analyzes show that the current situation of Taiwan`s film industry and the actual operation strategy of film-related companies through the interviews with three film industry experts, they concluded that the business model of independent film producer in Taiwan has entering the transformation trend through the ability to analysis data by Internet applications, which not only help to cut the demand uncertainty, but also reduce the risk of investment from employer through the data analysis of the audience watching habit and report the rate of Return On Investment(ROI).
    The result of the study found that the film industry has several changes under the competition in the Internet era: 1. The industrial chain structure has been transformed from a one-way transformation into a multi-networked film industry ecology; 2. Due to cross-domain operations of Internet companies, film industry has been more competitive and become maturity; 3. The film producers have more opportunities to expand the benefits of the film teams with low capital and high creativity in Taiwan.
    In the trend of localized film content IP, we need to be in contact with the audience more frequently, it is even more necessary to cut the searching cost for the proper theme of multiculturalism through the Internet.
    Through the Strategic Posture Analysis, the team of Taiwanese film production will enhance the competitive advantage with high-creativity by internationalization, the connection of streaming audio-visual platform, and improving the quality to film innovation theme by literature creation on the internet. It can also bring the Word-of-Mouth effect and improve the team establishment of digital talents to enhance the synergy of the competitive advantage in Taiwan film industries.
    Reference: 一、期刊
    于秀娟、李子云(2014),「互聯網環境下電影行業的生存與改變」,中國人民網傳媒期刊秀《傳媒》,第十七期,頁8-10。
    李洋(2011),「二十一世紀前十年的歐洲電影:德國、法國、義大利及其他」,《當代電影》,第11期,頁122-131。
    畢恆達(2018),「透過你的研究為社會正義發聲」,《Cheers快樂工作人雜誌》,第2018-09期,頁64-67。
    董澤平、廖志峰(2017),「電影資本市場失靈與匡正機制之探討」,中山管理評論,第25卷,第1期:頁101-134。

    二、書籍
    Charles W. L. Hill, Melissa A. Schilling, Gareth R. Jones (2017),策略管理,台北:新加坡商聖智學習。
    Costa, Leonardo (2011), “The visual effects in 2001–A Space Odyssey”.
    Charles W. L. Hill, Melissa A. Schilling, Gareth R. Jones (2017), Original Strategic Management: Theory 12e,譯者:朱文儀、陳建男,華泰文化。
    Hill, C. W and G. R. Jones (1998), “Strategic Management Theory’’.
    王吉斌、彭盾(2015),「互聯網+:企業如何顛覆性創新」,台北:天下文化出版社。
    司徒達賢(2001),「策略管理新論:觀念架構與分析方法」,台北:智勝出版社。
    孟韬(2009),「網絡視角下的產業集群組織研究」,中國北京:中國社會科學出版社。
    黃俊堯(2015),「看懂,然後知輕重『互聯網』的十堂必修課」,台北:香港中和出版有限公司出版。
    趙大偉(2015),「互聯網思維的致勝九大關鍵」,台北:四塊玉文創有限公司出版。
    雕爺、戴賽鷹、王軍、黃天(2018),「眾籌革命:互聯網創業與融資實戰」,台北:松博出版事業有限公司。
    鍾憲瑞(2008),「產業分析精論-多元觀點與策略思維」,新北:前程文化出版社。

    三、博碩士論文
    Gort, M. and S. Klepper (1982), Time paths in the diffusion of product innovation, Economic Journal.
    House of Commons (2002), The British Film Industry. London: The Stationery Office.
    Hofer & Schendel (1978), Strategy formulation. St. Paul. MN: West Publishing.
    Michael E Porter (1985), The Competitive Strategy, New York:The free press.
    PwC PricewaterhouseCoopers (2018), Global entertainment and media outlook 2018-2022.
    Richard E. Caves (2002), Creative Industries- Contracts between Art and Commerce.
    Support The Guardian (2017), Court orders Telstra and other internet service providers to block piracy sites.
    Vernon, R. (1966), International Investments and International Trade in The Product Cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics.
    吳依恬(2016),「電影著作之發行權-以美國製片公司在台授權為例」,台北:中國文化大學法學院法律學系碩士論文。
    李其璇(2016),「從發行角度探討當前台灣電影製作到發行:以2008年後為例」,台南:國立台南藝術大學動畫藝術與影像美學研究所碩士論文。
    陳韋齊(2016),「世界電影產業體系的變遷與好萊塢霸權」,高雄:國立中山大學政治研究所碩士論文。
    陳靖霖(2000),「台灣電影產業鏈競合關係之數位轉型研究」,台北:國立台灣藝術大學廣播電視學系碩士論文。
    黃崇岳(2003),「好萊塢電影產業分析–產業矩陣分析法之應用」,台北:國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
    楊士賢(2003),「台灣電影產業國際競爭力與全球化策略情境規劃-波特『鑽石體系』之應用」,高雄:國立中山大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
    劉嘉明(2005),「影視節目市場展之比較研究」,台北:國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。

    四、研討會、報告
    MPAA Official Website(2017), Theatrical and Home Entertainment Market Environment(THEME) Report.
    文化部影視及流行音樂產業局(2017),「影視廣播產業趨勢研究調查報告─電影產業」。
    文化部影視及流行音樂產業局(2016),「影視廣播產業趨勢研究調查報告—電影產業」。
    台灣經濟研究院(2018),「影視廣播產業趨勢研究調查報告─電影、電視及廣播產業」。
    吳紹安(2017),「專題89-95電影產業經營模式」,台北證券櫃檯:建構效率平台專題報導。
    盧斌、牛興偵、劉正山(2018),「電影藍皮書:全球電影產業發展報告」,中國上海:社會科學文獻出版社。

    五、網址
    The Statista Portal (2018):https://www.statista.com/statistics/259987/global-box-office-revenue/
    App Annie - A Year in Review:Mobile Highlights of 2018 (2018):https://www.appannie.com/en/insights/market-data
    Digital TV Research (2017),Press Release:https://www.digitaltvresearch.com/ugc/press/219.pdf
    TAIWAN TATLER專刊 (2016):開創奇蹟-曹平霞
    https://tw.asiatatler.com/society/%E6%9B%B9%E5%B9%B3%E9%9C%9E-%E9%96%8B%E5%89%B5%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F
    Business Insider - Here`s Where Disney Really Makes Money(2015):https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-where-disney-really-makes-money-2015-1
    Motion Picture Association Of America-Research & Policy(2011):https://www.mpaa.org/research-policy/
    電影產業-前瞻百科-前瞻網:http://big5.baike.qianzhan.com/detail/bk_bf85aa07.html#1.2
    認識電影:http://edumovie.culture.tw/activities_info.php?id=478
    電影發展的歷史軌跡 (2013):https://www.slideshare.net/JoshuaChou/ss-17228633
    台灣電影網 (2006):http://www.taiwancinema.com/Articles/ArticlesContent/?ContentUrl=53525
    中國大數據產業觀察 (2016):大資料時代電影製片廠製作發行策略 http://cbdio.com/BigData/2016-12/15/content_5406580.htm
    Wikiwand:美國電影http://www.wikiwand.com/zh-tw/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
    1063630401
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1063630401
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU201900422
    Appears in Collections:[企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)] 學位論文

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