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    题名: 影響大眾對藍領及白領犯罪懲罰態度的心理機制：知覺威脅感、知覺競爭感及懲罰階級的中介效果
    Psychological mechanisms influencing the public’s punitive attitudes toward blue-collar and white-collar crimes: the mediating effects of perceived threat, perceived competitiveness and class-based punishment.
    作者: 陳彥禎
    Chen, Yan-Jen
    贡献者: 李怡青
    孫蒨如
    陳彥禎
    Chen, Yan-Jen
    关键词: 雙歷程模型
    右翼威權主義
    社會支配性
    懲罰態度
    藍領犯罪
    白領犯罪
    Dual-process model
    RWA
    SDO
    Punitive attitudes
    Blue-collar crime
    White-collar crime
    日期: 2019
    上传时间: 2019-04-01 14:48:28 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 過去關於懲罰態度的研究多以藍領犯罪為主，且多認為人們對藍領犯罪的懲罰態度高於白領犯罪，但尚不清楚形成此態度差異的原因及心理機制為何。本論文以右翼威權主義信念（RWA）及社會支配性（SDO）這兩種偏好重罰的意識形態信念及引發這兩種信念的心理機制切入，檢驗RWA及SDO程度越高的人，是否會因為認為犯罪人危害社會安全、與內群體競爭資源、或希望以犯罪人的社會階級特徵來給予懲罰，而對藍、白領犯罪人有較重或較輕的懲罰態度。首先，本論文發現影響人們對藍、白領犯罪人懲罰態度的主要因素為其犯罪行為，犯罪人的社會階級特徵未有明顯影響，且兩個研究中均發現台灣民眾對白領犯罪人的懲罰態度高於藍領犯罪人，與過往的研究論點不太一致。在心理機制因素的影響方面，研究一及研究二的結果顯示個體的RWA程度越高，越認為藍領犯罪人，以及造成他人身體傷害的白領犯罪人會危害到社會安全、並且越傾向因藍、白領犯罪人的社會階級身分來給予懲罰，對藍、白領犯罪人的懲罰態度越重。研究二則顯示高SDO者越傾向因為藍、白領犯罪人的社會階級身分，而對藍、白領犯罪人有較重的懲罰態度；而高SDO者對藍領犯罪人競爭感的評估則不穩定。除此之外，本論文發現只有在白領犯罪的情境下，個體越能夠想像犯罪情節，對白領犯罪人的態度越負面。因此推論過去普遍認為大眾對藍領犯罪的懲罰態度高於白領犯罪的原因，亦可能是因為較無法想像白領犯罪情節發生在現實生活中。本論文嘗試探索影響台灣民眾對不同類型犯罪人的懲罰態度以及心理機制，補足目前研究多關注對藍領犯罪人的懲罰態度，以及多以人口學變項來探討影響大眾對犯罪人懲罰態度的因素的研究現況。
    While most of the previous research concerning punitive attitudes of the public focused on blue-collar crimes and concluded that people are more punitive toward blue-collar offenders than white-collar offenders, the factors and psychological mechanisms contributing this attitude differences remain unclear. Based on two pro-punitive ideologies and the psychological mechanisms behind them, this thesis tested whether people with high right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) perceive blue-collar and white-collar offenders to be danger to society, competitive to ingroup`s resources, or hoping to punish them based on the offenders’ social status, thus tend to have higher or lower punitive attitudes toward them.

    First, we found that it is the "act", not the "social status", influences people`s punitive attitudes toward blue-collar and white-collar offenders. Furthermore, two studies both showed that people in Taiwan are more punitive toward white-collar offenders than blue-collar offenders, which is inconsistent to most of conclusions of previous researches. As the impact of psychological mechanisms, Study 1 and Study 2 showed that individuals with high RWA perceived blue-collar offenders and white-collar offenders who caused physical harms both to be dangerous to the society, and hoping to punish blue-collar and white-collar offenders based on their social status, thus have higher punitive attitudes toward them. While study 2 found that individuals with high SDO would hope to punish blue-collar and white-collar offenders based on their social status, thus have higher punitive attitudes toward them, the relationship between SDO and perceived competitiveness toward blue-collar offenders is unstable. Lastly, we also found that only in the white-collar crime situation, the more people believe the crime is possible to occur in reality, the more punitive they will be toward white-collar offenders. We inferred that the differences of punitive attitude toward white-collar and blue-collar offenders might be due to the imaginary degree of the offenders’ act.

    This thesis attended to understand the punitive attitude of Taiwan’s public as well as the psychological mechanisms of it. Also, it attempted to fulfill the other side of current academic spectrum that mostly focused on public’s punitive attitudes toward blue-collar offenders with demographic factors as approach to explore factors influencing public’s punitive attitudes.
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學系
    104752012
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104752012
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/THE.NCCU.PSY.001.2019.C01
    显示于类别:[心理學系] 學位論文

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