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    政大機構典藏 > 法學院 > 法律學系 > 期刊論文 >  Item 140.119/121859
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/121859


    Title: 民法違約金酌減規定之若干問題
    Some Basic Issues of the Power of the Court to Reduce the Penalties and Liquidated Damages
    Authors: 楊芳賢
    Contributors: 法律系
    Keywords: penalties liquidated damages;excessively high;power of reduction;the principle of good faith;principle of the party presentation
    懲罰性違約金;損害賠償總額預定違約金;違約金過高;酌減;誠信原則;辯論原則;職權酌減違約金
    Date: 2011-12
    Issue Date: 2019-01-11 12:12:50 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文分析檢討民法第252 條違約金酌減規定之適用對象、規定根據、性質、適用型態及酌減之考慮因素等。本條規定得適用於懲罰性違約金及損害賠償總額預定之違約金。本文認為,此一規定亦得類推適用至依契約約定逕行沒收債務人既已給付之情形;其次,民法第252 條規定屬於誠信原則下不被允許之權利行使類型,而且性質上是實體法上之狹義抗辯,即法院得依職權斟酌事實而酌減違約金。但是法院得依職權斟酌事實有別於法院依職權調查事實,即法院得依職權斟酌事實而酌減違約金仍須遵守民事訴訟程序之辯論原則與主張及舉證責任原則。亦即在民事訴訟程序之辯論原則下,所謂實體法上之狹義抗辯,有別於德國民法第343 條第1 項第1 句明定須債務人聲請法院酌減違約金,僅不須債務人在訴訟程序上表示行使權利之意思,因此即使是原告債權人本身之事實陳述得以認定違約金過高,法院亦得依職權斟酌事實而酌減違約金;此一情形,並未違反民事訴訟程序之辯論原則。最高法院大多數判決對本條規定採取法院得職權(斟酌事實)酌減違約金,值得贊同。反之,原告債權人陳述之事實並未能使法院確信違約金過高,債務人訴訟程序上負有主張及舉證責任;債務人應主張或舉證卻不為主張或舉證,或未能使法院獲得違約金過高之確信,應自行承擔不利判決之結果。此外,若干最高法院判決認為酌減違約金須達顯相懸殊或顯失公平之程度始得酌減,亦應予以肯定。最後,為貫徹保護債務人之意旨,判斷違約金是否相當或過高之時點,宜以事實審最後言詞辯論終結時為準。
    Relation: 臺大法學論叢, Vol.40, No.3, pp.2127-2184.(TSSCI)
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[法律學系] 期刊論文

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