Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/120292
|
| Title: | 緬甸的族群衝突與管理之分析 : 以克欽族為例（1994～2015）
Ethnic Conflict and Management in Myanmar: The Kachin People, 1994-2015 |
| Authors: | 施欣妤
Shih, Hsin-Yu |
| Contributors: | 孫采薇
Sun, Tsai-Wei
施欣妤
Shih, Hsin-Yu |
| Keywords: | 緬甸
克欽族
克欽獨立組織
族群衝突
衝突管理
Myanmar
The Kachin people
Kachin independence organization
Ethnic conflict
Conflict management |
| Date: | 2018 |
| Issue Date: | 2018-10-01 12:16:29 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本文以克欽獨立組織為個案分析，透過層次分析法對族群衝突的影響因素進行探討，並以衝突管理模型分析緬甸當局對少數族群的衝突政策轉變，聚焦在緬甸目前最主要的政治問題之一：族群衝突，透過族群衝突理論與衝突管理模型，分析緬甸的族群問題以及衝突歷史發展。以緬甸克欽族與主要武裝團體「克欽獨立組織」為個案。克欽獨立組織1961年成立，歷經1994年與軍政府達成停火協議，2011年卻再次交火、回到武裝叛亂狀態；透過分析 1994 年至 2015 年期間緬甸族群衝突發展，與當局的衝突管理政策，除了更深入了解克欽族衝突外，對緬甸族群衝突成因、發展，與政府的管理模式有進一步了解，最後提出目前和平進程所面臨的瓶頸。本文包含兩個研究問題：緬甸族群關係的轉變與影響因素為；緬甸政府的衝突管理政策轉變？希望在緬甸族群問題持續未解的情況下，對未來的東南亞與緬甸研究能有所貢獻與展望。
This paper focuses on ethnic conflicts in Myanmar, one of its most important political issue recently. By focusing on Kachin Independence Organization of Myanmar, through level-of-analysis and models of conflict management, this study analysis relationship between minorities and Myanmar authorities, and examine what factors affect their interactions or government’s policy changes.
The Kachin Independent Organization was established in 1961. After a ceasefire agreement with the military government in 1994, it returned to the armed rebellion in 2011. This study analysis the Kachin ethnic conflict from 1994 to 2015, and Myanmar authorities’ conflict management policies to better understanding of the cause and development of ethnic conflicts and ethnic relation with authorities in Myanmar. It intended to discover the constraints faced by the current peace process is proposed. |
| Reference: | 司徒宇、顧長永，2015，〈緬甸政府與少數民族之互動探析－以克欽族、撣族、克倫族、羅興亞族為例〉，《國會月刊》，43（9）：24-40。
宋學文，2008，〈層次分析對國際關係研究的重要性及模型建構〉，《問題與研究》，47（4）：167-199。
孫采薇，2016，〈緬甸內閣人事布局評析〉，《問題與研究》，55（2）：160。
張棋炘，2011，〈族群衝突及其解決〉，《全球政治評論》，35：111-142。
陳怡君、宋鎮照，2014，〈緬甸軍政府轉型與民主化發展：2012年國會補選前後的觀察與分析〉，《全球政治評論》46：115-138。
陳怡君、宋鎮照，2016，《緬甸政治新發展（1990~2015）：轉型與變革》，台北：五南。
陳鴻瑜，2016，《緬甸史》，台北：台灣商務出版社。
顧長永，2015，《緬甸：軍事獨裁五十年》，台北：八方文化。
Harvey, Rachel. 2011. “Burma Dam: Why Myitsone Plan is Being Halted” BBC news. September 30. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15123833 (2018/06/02)
Brenner, David. 2015. “Ashes of Co-optation: from Armed Group Fragmentation to the Rebuilding of Popular Insurgency in Myanmar” Conflict, Security & Development 15(4): 337-358.
Brown, E. Michael. 1997. “The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview” In Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict, Michael E. Brown, Owen R. Coté, Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller eds. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Pp.5
Brown, Michael. 1993. “Causes and Implications of Ethnic Conflict,” In Ethnic Conflict and International Security, Michael Brown ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp.4-5
Byman, Daniel L. 2002. Keeping the Peace: Lasting Solution to Ethnic Conflict. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press
Cheesman, Nick, Monique Skidmore, and Trevor Wilson. eds. 2012. Myanmar`s Transition: Openings, Obstacles and Opportunities. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Cheesman, Nick, Nicholas Farrelly, and Trevor Wilson. eds. 2014. Debating Democratization in Myanmar. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Cheesman, Nick. 2010. Ruling Myanmar: From Cyclone Nargis to National Elections. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Cockett, Richard. 2016，《變臉的緬甸：一個由血、夢想和黃金構成的國度》，廖婉如 譯，台北：馬可孛羅。
Cordell, Karl, and Stefan Wolff, eds. 2011. Routledge Handbook of Ethnic Conflict. New York, NY: Routledge.
Cordell, Karl, and Stefan Wolff. 2010. Ethnic Conflict: Causes-Consequences-Responses. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Diamond, Larry, Francis Fukuyama, Donald L. Horowitz, and Marc F. Plattner. 2014. “Reconsidering the ‘Transition Paradigm’” Journal of Demoracy 25(1): 86-100.
Dittmer, Lowell. 2010. Burma or Myanmar? The Struggle for National Identity. Singapore: World Scientific.
EBO Analysis Paper. 2010. “The Kachins’ Dilemma – Become a Border Guard Force or Return to Warfare.” EBO Analysis Paper. No.2 http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/EBO_Analysis_Paper_No_2_2010_-_The_Kachins%27_Dilemma.pdf
Fearon, D. James. 1998. “Commitment Problems and the Spread of Ethnic Conflict” In The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation. Eds. David A. Lake and Donald Rothchild. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fearon, James D., and David Laitin. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War” American Political Science Review 97: 75-90.
Ganesan, N, and Kyaw Yin Hlaing. eds. 2007. Myanmar: State, Society and Ethnicity. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Gravers, Mikael. 1993. Nationalism as Political Paranoia in Burma : An Essay on the Historical Practice of Power. Oxford, UK: Routledge.
Gurr, Ted Robert. 1993. Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Harff, Barbara, and Ted Robert Gurr. 2004(1994). Ethnic Conflict in World Politics. Second edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Horowitz, Donald. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
ICG Report. 2003. “Myanmar Backgrounder: Ethnic Minority Politics” https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/myanmar-backgrounder-ethnic-minority-politics. (2016/12/12)
ICG Report. 2011. “Myanmar: A New Peace Initiative” https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/myanmar-new-peace-initiative. (2017/01/02)
ICG Report. 2013. “緬甸克欽衝突的暫時和平” https://www.crisisgroup.org/zh-hans/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/tentative-peace-myanmar-s-kachin-conflict. (2017/05/02)
ICG Report. 2015. “Myanmar’s Peace Process: A Nationwide Ceasefire Remains Elusion”. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/myanmar-s-peace-process-nationwide-ceasefire-remains-elusive (2017/02/02)
ICG Report. 2016. “Myanmar’s Peace Process: Getting to a Political Dialogue” https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/myanmar-s-peace-process-getting-political-dialogue. (2018/02/13)
Jess, Neal, and Kristen P. Williams. 2011. Ethnic Conflict: A Systematic Approach to Cases of Conflict. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Jones, Lee. 2016. “Understanding Myanmar’s Ceasefires: Geopolitics, Political Economy and Statebuilding” In War and Peace in the Borderlands of Myanmar: The Kachin Ceasefire, 1994–2011. Mandy Saden ed. Singapore: NIAS Press.
Kaufmann, Chaim. “Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars” International Security 20(4): 136-175.
Kawanami, Hiroko. 2013. Renunciation and Empowerment of Buddhist Nuns in Myanmar-Burma: Building a Community of Female Faithful. Netherland: BRILL.
Kironska, Kristina. 2013. The Electoral System of Myanmar. LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
Kramer, Tom. 2010. “Ethnic Conflict in Burma: The Challenge of Unity in a Divided Country” In Burma or Myanmar? The Struggle for National Identity. Lowell Dittmer. ed. Singapore: World Scientific.
Lake, David A. and Donald Rothchild. 2000. “Containing Fear: The Origins and Management of Ethnic Conflict.” In Theories of War and Peace third edition, Eds. Michael E. Brown, Owen R. Cote Jr., Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Milller. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lall, Marie. 2011. “Internal Conflict, External Influence: The Case of Myanmar” In Unraveling Internal Conflicts in East Asia and the Pacific: Incidence, Consequences and Resolutions. Jacob Bercovitch, and Karl R. DeRouen. eds. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Lambrecht , W. Curtis. 2008. “Oxymoronic Development: The Military as Benefactor in the Border Regions of Burma” In Civilizing the Margins: Southeast Asian Government Policies for the Development of Minorities. Christopher R. Duncan. Ed. Singapore: NUS Press.
Lijphart, Arend. 2003，《多元社會的民主》，張慧芝 譯，台北：桂冠。
Lintner, Bertil. 1999. Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency since 1948. Second edition. Chiang Mai, TH: Silkworm Books.
McGarry, John, and Brendan O’Leary. 1993. “Introduction: The Macro-political Regulation of Ethnic Conflict” In The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation. Eds. John McGarry and Brendan O’Leary. New York, NY: Routledge. P1-40.
Nyein Nyein. 2016a. “21st Century Panglong Conference Kicks Off in Naypyidaw” “21st Century Panglong Conference Kicks Off in Naypyidaw” The Irrawaddy. August 31. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/21st-century-panglong-conference-kicks-off-in-naypyidaw.html (2018/07/01)
Nyein Nyein. 2016b. “KIA: Govt Needs to Control Its Military” The Irrawaddy. October 10. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/kia-govt-needs-to-control-its-military.html (2018/07/01)
Nyein Nyein. 2017. “State Counselor: Peace Conference Agreements ‘A Significant Step’ for Burma” The Irrawaddy. May 29. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/state-counselor-peace-conference-agreements-a-significant-step-for-burma.html (2018/07/13)
Posen, Barry. 1993. “The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict.” Survival 35(1): pp27-47.
Richardson, John M., and Jianxin Wang. 1993. “Peace Accords: Seeking Conflict Resolution in Deeply Divided Societies” In Peace Accords and Ethnic Conflict, Eds. K.M. de Silva and S.W.R. de A. Samarasinghe. UK: Pinter Publisher.
Rogers, Benedict. 2016，《緬甸：一個徬徨的國度》，譚天 譯，台北：八旗文化。
Rotberg, Robert. 1998. Burma : prospects for a democratic future. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Sadan, Mandy. 2013. Being and Becoming Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Borderworlds of Burma. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Sadan, Mandy. 2016. War and Peace in the Borderlands of Myanmar: The Kachin Ceasefire, 1994–2011. Singapore: NIAS Press.
Sakhong, Lian H. 2012. “The Dynamics of Sixty Years of Ethnic Armed Conflict in Burma” Analysis Paper No.1 Burma Centre for Ethnic Studies.
Saw Yan Naing. 2016. ” KNLA: Current Military Movement in Karen State Threatens Terms of NCA” The Irrawaddy . September 29. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/knla-current-military-movement-in-karen-state-threatens-terms-of-nca.html (2018/07/20)
Schneckener, Ulrich. 2002. “Making Power-sharing Work: Lessons from Successes and Failures in Ethnic Conflict Regulation” Journal of Peace Research 39(2): 203-228.
Schneckener, Ulrich. 2004. “Models of Ethnic Conflict Regulation: The Politics of Recognition” In Managing and Settling Ethnic Conflict: Perspectives on Successes and Failures in Europe, Africa and Asia. Eds. Ulrich Schneckener and Stefan Wolff. London, UK: Hurst & Company.
Schober, Juliane. 2011. Modern Buddhist Conjunctures in Myanmar: Cultural Narratives, Colonial Legacies, and Civil Society. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai`i Press.
Schrank, Delphine. 2016，《緬甸自由：追求自由民主的反抗者》，高平唐 譯，台北：聯經出版。
Seng Maw Lahpai, 2014. “State Terrorism and International Compliance: The Kachin Armed Struggle for Political Self-Determination” In Debating Democratization in Myanmar. Nick Cheesman, Nicholas Farrelly, and Trevor Wilson. eds. Singapore: ISEAS.
Smith, Martin. 1991. Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. Cambridge, UK: University Press.
Smith, Martin. 2016. “Reflections on the Kachin Ceasefire: A Cycle Hope and Disappointment” In War and Peace in the Borderlands of Myanmar: The Kachin Ceasefire, 1994–2011. Mandy Saden. ed. Singapore: NIAS Press.
South, Ashley, and Kim Jolliffe. 2015. “Forced Migration: Typology and Local Agency in Southeast Myanmar” Contemporary Southeast Asia 37(2): 211-241.
South, Ashley, and Marie Lall. 2016. “Language, Education and the Peace Process in Myanmar” Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs 38(1): 128-153.
South, Ashley. 2003. Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma: The Golden Sheldrake. New York, NY: Routledge.
South, Ashley. 2007. “Conflict and Displacement in Burma/Myanmar” In Myanmar: The State, Community and the Environment. Monique Skidmore, and Trevor Wilson. eds. Singapore: ANU Press.
South, Ashley. 2008. Ethnic Politics in Burma: State of conflict. New York, NY: Routledge.
Sun, Tsai-Wei. 2010. “The Ethnic Triangle: State, Majority, and Minority in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore” Ph.D. Dissertation, National University of Singapore.
Taylor, Robert. 2009. The State in Myanmar. Singapore: NUS Press.
The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. 2015. “The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2” The Republic of the union of Myanmar.
UNHCR. 1998. “Refugees and Others of Concern to UNHCR - 1998 Statistical Overview” United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/3bfa31ac1.pdf.
Weiss Stanley A. 2017. “Did Aung San Lead at Panglong – or Follow? Myanmar’s ethnic minorities have a different view on Aung San’s place in history.” https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/did-aung-san-lead-at-panglong-or-follow/
Welsh, David. 1993. “Domestic politics and ethnic conflict” Survial 35(1): 63-80.
Wolff, Stefan. 2004. “Managing and Settling Ethnic Conflict” In Managing and Settling Ethnic Conflict: Perspectives on Successes and Failures in Europe, Africa and Asis. Eds. Ulrich Schneckener and Stefan Wolff. London, UK: Hurst & Company.
Wolff, Stefan. 2006. “Managing and settling ethnic conflict.” In Ethnic Conflict: Global Perspective. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. P123-154.
Woods, Kevin. 2011. “Ceasefire capitalism: military–private partnerships, resource concessions and military–state building in the Burma–China borderlands” The Journal of Peasant Studies. 38(4): 747-770.
Woods, Kevin. 2016. “The Commercialisation of Counterinsurgency: Battlefield Enemies, Business Bedfellows in Kachin State, Burma” In War and Peace in the Borderlands of Myanmar: The Kachin Ceasefire, 1994–2011. Mandy Saden. ed. Singapore: NIAS Press.
Ye Mon. 2018. ”Controversy, progress at the third Panglong conference” Frontier Myanmar. July 16. https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/controversy-progress-at-the-third-panglong-conference (2018/08/01) |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
政治學系
103252009 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103252009 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/THE.NCCU.PS.007.2018.F09 |
| Appears in Collections: | [政治學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 200901.pdf | 9231Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 174 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
