Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118640
|
| Title: | 論SPS規範在區域貿易協定下之進展－以美系、歐系區域貿易協定及CPTPP協定為中心
A Study on Development of Regulations of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures under Regional Trade Agreement- Especially on EU and U.S.’s Regional Trade Agreement and CPTPP Agreement |
| Authors: | 黃詩晴
Huang, Shih-Ching |
| Contributors: | 薛景文
Hsueh, Ching-Wen
黃詩晴
Huang, Shih-Ching |
| Keywords: | SPS協定
區域貿易協定
WTO
WTO-Plus
WTO-Extra
SPS Agreement
RTA
WTO
WTO-Plus
WTO-Extra |
| Date: | 2018 |
| Issue Date: | 2018-07-13 15:09:26 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 「食品安全檢驗與動物植物防疫檢措施協定（Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures，SPS協定）」賦予WTO各會員在保謢食品安全或動植物健康之目的下制定SPS措施之權利，但仍要求此SPS措施不得造成歧視或隱藏性貿易限制，以達到「保護食品安全與動植物健康」及「保障國際貿易」之平衡。然而在實務上，SPS協定則有似乎偏向貿易自由化之批評，在食品安全與動植物健康之治理似有不足之疑慮；另外，由於WTO之立法功能下降，治理重點則轉向雙邊或複邊的貿易協定。因此，本文整理與分析區域貿易協定中SPS規範，並以美國、歐盟所簽訂之區域貿易協定及跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定（Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership，CPTPP協定）中之SPS規範為中心，與WTO/SPS協定相比，以瞭解在SPS規範是否有超越WTO之WTO-Plus或WTO-Extra之規範，並研究在區域貿易協定中SPS規範之進展是否得以解決或改善原先WTO在食品安全與動植物健康治理方面之不足。本文認為，區域貿易協定中之動物福利措施、適應不同區域化條件措施、及技術性合作等規範，係以增進食品安全或動植物生命健康為企旨。然而在進展幅度較大之規範，包含調和原則、同等性認定、科學證據原則、透明化原則等，似乎仍對貿易自由化之影響較深，本文因此認為對於在WTO下之食品治理功能不足並未有明顯之改善。在實務上是否得改善自由貿易與公共利益之不平，則有待觀察SPS規範後續在多邊與區域貿易協定之進展。
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) provides WTO members the right to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, and requires these SPS measures to avoid distinctions or a disguised restriction on international trade. Thus, SPS Agreement can achieve the balance of ‘protection of food safety and animal of plant health’ and ‘protection of international trade’. However, in practice, SPS Agreement is criticized as focusing on trade protection rather than health. There is doubt on the management in food safety and animal and plant health for SPS Agreement. Besides, with decline of legislative function in WTO, the governance turned to bilateral or multilateral trade agreement. As a result, this article collects and analyzes the regulations of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures in Regional Trade Agreement – especially on EU and U.S.’s Regional Trade Agreement and CPTPP Agreement, and compares with SPS Agreement to see the WTO-Plus or WTO-Extra regulations, and to analyze if these improvements can resolve the problem of SPS Agreement. In this article, the improvements of SPS regulations on animal welfare, adaptation to Regional Conditions, and technical cooperation focus on food safety or animal or plant health. On the other hand, the SPS regulations with more improvents focus on international trade, including the regulations on Harmonization, Equivalence, Scientific Evidence and Transparency. It is concluded that the improvements in SPS regulations seemed not to solve the governance problems in SPS Agreement. It is worthy to see if the improvements in SPS regulations can solve the problems in practice, and keep observing the development of SPS regulations in regional trade agreement in the future. |
| Reference: | 壹、 中文部分（依姓氏筆畫排序）
一、中文專書
1. 林彩瑜，(2013)。WTO制度與實務：世界貿易組織法律研究（三）。台灣：元照。
2. 許昭元，(2001)。食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施協定叢書（一）。台灣：農委會動植物防疫檢疫局。
3. 羅昌發，(2010)。國際貿易法。台灣：元照。
二、中文期刊論文
1. 王明來，(2006)。基因改造產品國際貿易糾紛機制之探討。農政與農情行，第165期，頁43-49。
2. 牛惠之，（2004）。世界貿易組織之SPS協定關於風險評估與風險管理之規範體系與爭端案例研究。台灣國際法季刊，第1卷2期，頁151-236。
3. 吳佳勳，(2012)。SPS將成為當代FTA農業談判關鍵議題。經濟前瞻雙月刊，第144期，頁22-28。
4. 李素華，(2004)。各國GM管理法規及比較 以美國、歐盟、德國、加拿大、及我國為中心。基因改造議題-從紛爭到展望研討會論文集，頁210-247。
5. 洪德欽，(2012)。歐盟新一代自由貿易協定政策之研究。歐美研究，第42卷第4期，頁673-752。
6. 許華欣，(2013)。建構及提升SPS在自由貿易區談判技巧訓練紀實。農政與農情行，第248期，頁71-76。
7. 楊培侃，(2014)。從私營標準之發展論SPS 協定在全球食品安全治理之功能與限制。科技法學評論，第11 卷第1期，頁29-74。
8. 廖鴻仁，(2016)。WTO與TPP協定SPS透明化規範之比較。農政與農情行，第283期，頁90-94。
三、研究計畫
1. 楊培侃，(2016)。《TPP成員國國內法規與TPP協定下SPS規範之落差、國內法規調整及因應之研析》計畫。未出版。
四、網際網路
1. 王煜翔，從跨協定比較說明歐盟近期對外洽簽FTA/SPS專章所形成之規範實踐，中華經濟研究院，上網日期：2016年11月10日，檢自http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Mobile/page.aspx?pid=286265&nid=126
2. 行政院經貿談判辦公室，優惠性貿易協定之定義及法源基礎，上網日期：2018年3月27日，檢自：https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/otn/content/Content.aspx?menu_id=7214
3. 經濟部國際貿易局，加強與全球及區域經貿連結—CPTPP，檢自：http://www.tpptrade.tw/index.aspx
4. 經濟部國際貿易局，TPP協定第7章食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施（SPS）摘要，上網日期2015年11月16日，檢自：http://www.tpptrade.tw/db/pictures/AdminModules/PDT/01/2/_00000040/1061207_7_TPPSPS_%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81.pdf
5. 經濟部標準檢驗局高雄分局，CODEX，上網日期106 年4 月10 日，檢自：http://www.bsmi.gov.tw/bsmiGIP/wSite/ct?xItem=16649&ctNode=4023&mp=7
6. 經濟部，美國與歐盟有關禁止含荷爾蒙牛肉措施爭端案簡介，上網日期101年3月7日，檢自：https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/main/content/wHandMenuFile.ashx?file_id=11493
7. 薛景文，「加入跨太平洋夥伴協定（TPP）對於我國食安法制之影響－以輸入食品規範為中心」簡報投影片，TPP食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施專章規範評估研討會（二），上網日期2016年11月11日，檢自http://www.tradelaw.nccu.edu.tw/epaper/files/forum/1111SPS%E7%A0%94%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83/%E8%AC%9B%E8%80%85-%E6%99%AF%E6%96%87_%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%E7%89%87.pdf
貳、 英文部分（依字母排序）
一、英文書籍
1. Amber Rose Maggio, (2017). Environmental Policy, Non-Product Related Process and Production Methods and the Law of the World Trade Organization. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
2. Chris Downes, (2014). The Impact of WTO SPS Law on EU Food Regulations, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
3. Griffin R., (2000). Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture A Resource Manual III, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
4. Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis, and André Sapir, (2010). Beyond the WTO? An Anatomy of EU and US Preferential Trade Agreements, Belgium: Bruegel
5. Mason A. Carpenter and Sanjyot P. Dunung, (2012). Challenges and Opportunities in International Business.
6. Maury E. Bredahl and Erin Holleran (1997), Harmonization\\Convergence\\Compatibility in Agriculture and Agri-Food Policy: Canada, United States and Mexico, United States: Agricultural and Food Policy Systems Information Workshops.
7. Petros C. Mavroidis, (2016). The Regulation of International Trade Vol. 2, United States: The MIT Press.
二、英文專書論文
1. Anna G. Micara (2017). Regionalization within the SPS Agreement: Recent Developments, Switzerland: International Economic Law, pp. 111-128.
2. Denise Prévost & Peter Van den Bossche, (2005). The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, United States: The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis, pp.231-370.
3. Joel P. Trachtman, (2013). The Limits of PTAs: WTO Legal Restrictions on the Use of WTO-plus Standards Regulation in PTAs, United States: Research Handbook on the WTO and Technical Barriers to Trade, pp.315-357.
4. Lee Ann Jackson & Hanna Vitikala (2016). Cross-cutting Issues in Regional Trade Agreements: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, United Kindom: Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System, pp. 316-370.
5. Markus Wagner, (2016). Interpreting the SPS Agreement: Navigating Risk, Scientific Evidence and Regulatory Autonomy, United States: Research Handbook on WTO Dispute Settlement.
三、英文期刊
1. Boza Sofia & Fernández Felipe, (2016). World Trade Organization members` participation in mechanisms under the sanitary and phytosanitary agreement, Int. J. Trade and Global Markets, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.212-226.
2. Disdier Anne-Célia, Fontagné Lionel & Mimouni Mondher (2008). The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from SPS and TBT Agreements, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 90, No. 2, pp.336–350.
3. Labonté Ronald, Schram Ashley & Ruckert Arne, (2016). The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Is It Everything We Feared for Health?, Int J Health Policy Manag, Vol. 5, No. 8, pp.487-496.
4. Lin Ching-Fu, (2012). SPS-Plus and Bilateral Treaty Network: A ‘Global’ Solution to the Global Food Safety Problem?, 29 Wis. Int’l L.J, pp.694-734.
5. Marceau Gabrielle & Trachtman Joel, (2002). The Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: A Map of the World Trade Organization Law of Domestic Regulation of Goods, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 811-881.
6. Markus Wagner, (2017). The Future of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Governance: SPS-Plus or SPS-Minus?, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp.445–470
7. Roberts Donna & Unnevehr Laurian, (2005). Resolving trade disputes arising from trends in food safety regulation: the role of the multilateral governance framework, World Trade Review, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 469–497.
8. Schroeder Werner, (2016). Transatlantic Free Trade Agreements and European Food Standards, Eur. Food & Feed L. Rev., Vol. 11, No. 6, pp.494-501.
9. Silverglade Bruce, (2000). The WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: Weakening Food Safety Regulations to Facilitate Trade? FOOD & DRUG L.J., Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 517-524.
10. Trachtman Joel P., (2003). Toward Open Recognition? Standardization and Regional Integration under Article XXIV of GATT, Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 6, No.2, pp.459-492.
11. Victor David, (2000). The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement of the World Trade Organisation: an Assessment after Five Years, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 32 ,865.
四、國際組織資料
1. Crivelli, Pramila & Gröschl, Jasmin, (2012). "SPS measures and trade: Implementation matters," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2012-05, W orld Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
2. Cooper, H. William (2014). Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy, CRS Report RL3135.
3. European Union, The EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement in practice, 2011, at 3, available at http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2011/october/tradoc_148303.pdf
4. WTO E-Learning, Introduction to Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures in the WTO, at 4, Retrieved June 18 2018, from: https://ecampus.wto.org/admin/files/Course_385/Module_1507/ModuleDocuments/SPS-L1-R1-E.pdf
5. WTO, current issues in SPS, Retrieved June 18 2018, from: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/sps_issues_e.htm
五、英文網際網路資料
1. Bettina Rudloff & Johannes Simons, Comparing EU free trade agreements Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards, European Centre for Development Policy Management, Retrieved June 18 2018, from: http://ecdpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/IB-6B-Comparing-EU-Free-Trade-Agreements-Sanitary-Phytosanitary-2004.pdf
2. Wouters Jan, Marx Axel & Hachez Nicolas, (2009). Private Standards, Global Governance and Transatlantic Cooperation: The Case of Global Food Safety Governance, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, , Retrieved June 18 2018, from: https://ghum.kuleuven.be/ggs/research/biosafety_biodiversity/publications/wouters-marx-hachez_final.pdf
3. SPS Measures and the TPP – Removing Barriers to Agricultural Exports, Published Feb. 24, 2016, Retrieved June 18 2018, from: https://www.sidley.com/en/insights/newsupdates/2016/02/sps-measures-and-the-tpp |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
105351007 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105351007 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/THE.NCCU.IB.019.2018.F06 |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 100701.pdf | 10197Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 49 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
